Materials

50 mL graduated cylinder (preferably wide) 60 mL of vinegar (in a small bottle) 19.5 g of baking soda In a beaker Kitchen scale Metal spoon Four paper cups (preferably small) Pencil and paper (to record data)

(Having a nearby bathroom or sink to wash up graduated cylinder frequently would be good.)

Variables
Independent (manipulated): The amount of baking soda (g) Dependent (responding): The amount of carbon dioxide produced (bubbles in mL) Constants: 1. The amount of vinegar (5 mL) 2. The size of the graduated cylinder (can hold 50 mL) 3. The size and type of cups (brand doesnt matter, as long as it is same for all 4 cups)

Procedure
1. First, make sure that you have all the materials ready next to you (on the materials list). 2. Make a neat data table on the sheet of paper you brought with you (draw it with a pencil). It should have 5 rows and 5 columns. Label the first row, Baking soda (g), 1st Trial (mL), 2nd Trial (mL), 3rd Trial (mL), Average (mL) respectively.

3. Find the mass for one of the paper cups, by putting it on top of the kitchen scale (if not already, make sure that the units are set in grams). (Dont forget the mass! Record it somewhere if you wish.) 4. Then press the button, zero on the scale, to reset it. *Do not remove the cup from the scale* 5. Cautiously use the metal spoon to place the baking soda into the cup from the beaker. Do it until the scale reads 0.5 g MORE than the mass of the cup. (Second row, first column of the table, write 0.5.) 6. Now, drop 5 mL of vinegar (that was inside the bottle) into the graduated cylinder. A few seconds after that, also pour the baking soda into the cylinder carefully. 7. Observe for 30 seconds, to see what happens, and record the bubbles produced (mL) on the paper. (It should be recorded in the second row, second column.) 8. Repeat steps 4-7 two more times, using the same cup, and find the average for all three trials. This will bring accuracy to the data. (Fill out the rest of the second row in the data table.) *For steps 9-11, make sure to select a different cup each time! (That is why there are 4 cups)* 9. Wash up the graduated cylinder, then redo steps 4-8, except this time, do it with 1 g of baking soda, not 0.5 g. (Data should be recorded in the third row.) 10. Once again, wash up the graduated cylinder, then do steps 4-8, now with 2 g of baking soda. (Data should be recorded in the fourth row.)

11. Finally, repeat steps 4-8, but now with 3 g of baking soda. (Record data in the fifth row.) TIP: If the production of gas greatly overflows the graduated cylinder, make a reasonable prediction on how much mL of bubbles were created. 12. Clean up! If possible, wash up your materials for future use.

Data
Amount of Carbon Dioxide Gas Produced in the Reaction of Vinegar and Baking Soda, Measured in mL of bubbles produced Vinegar: 5 mL *fixed* Baking soda (g) 0.5 1 2 3 1st Trial (mL) 21 35 ~60 (>50) (>70)? 2nd Trial (mL) 3rd Trial (mL) Average (mL)