Christopher Aguilar December 14th, 2012 Period 2

Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding Lab Report

Intro: Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms through an ionic or covalent bond because the atoms need to form an octet to become stable. Covalent compounds bond when a non-metal shares valence electrons with another non-metal. Covalent bonds share the valence electrons to form a full octet. A covalent bond has a weak structure because theyre negative therefore has a low melting point. Ionic bonds are metals that transferred their valence electron to non-metals. The metal is the transferor of its valence electrons to the non-metals because a non-metal has high electronegativity. These bonds have a high melting point because it has a crystal lattice structure therefore has a strong bond. Hypotheses: Table 1: The expected results of testing five different chemicals Compounds to be Tested Distilled Water Sodium Chloride Sucrose Dextrose Sodium Sulfate Chemical Formula H2 O NaCl C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4 Hypothesis 1: Ionic or Covalent? Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic Hypothesis 2: High or Low Melting Point? Low High Low Low High Hypothesis 3: Will it conduct electricity? No Dissolved No No Yes

Procedures: 1

Christopher Aguilar December 14th, 2012 Period 2 PART I: Melting Points and Strength of Bonds 1. Aluminum foil was shaped into a square. 2. The square of foil was placed on a tray on a ring stand with a Bunsen burner beneath it 3. Observations were to be carefully recorded. 4. The square of foil then cooled down and was ready to be rinsed off. Part II. Electrical Conductivity 1. The dried compound was tested for conductivity. Observations were recorded. 2. Drops of distilled water were dropped into the compound to dissolve it. 3. The solution was tested for conductivity. Observations were recorded. 4. The conductivity tester was washed carefully after every use to avoid contamination. 5. All steps were repeated for every five compounds.

Results: Table 2: The results of testing five different chemicals Name/ Chemical Formula: PARTI: Melting Point (1-5; High, Med. or Low?) Distilled Water/ H20 Sodium Chloride/ NaCl Sucrose/ C12H22O11 Dextrose/ C6H12O6 Sodium Sulfate/ NaSO4 1 5 3 2 4 PART II Conducted Electricity? Dry N/A No No No No Dissolved No Yes No No Yes Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic 2 FINAL CONCLUSION: Ionic or Covalent Bonds?

Christopher Aguilar December 14th, 2012 Period 2 Conclusion: After this laboratory, it was concluded that Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate were ionic compounds, while sucrose and dextrose were covalent compounds. From the results, the ionic compounds were those that conducted electricity in water and had a high melting point. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in water because ions separate and are free to move about. Because they can now move freely, they are able to conduct an electric current by passing it from one ion to the next. However, the covalent compounds were those who didnt conduct electricity while dissolved in water. They also had low melting points. Ionic bonds are very strong since the electrostatic attraction makes the bonds have a high melting point. On the other hand, covalent bonds do not form ions and do not conduct electricity because covalent bonds dont form any ions, meaning that the electrostatic charge cannot flow through the solution. Covalent bonds also have a low melting point due to its loosely bonded molecules.