DEW Informacija Par Legetajiem Teraudiem

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH
THYROFORT THYROFORT
Special engineering steels
THYROFORT THYROFORT
THYROFORT THYROFORT
Heat-treatable steels
Contents
Page 4 5 Page 6 7 Page 8 9 Page 10 13 Page 14 15 Page 16 17 General Special features Steel portraits Application examples Steel production Steel processing
Technical information Page 18 20 Overview of grades and chemical composition
Page 21 22
Minimum yield points and tensile strength ranges
Material data Page 24 65 Material data sheets
Technical information Page 66 68 Page 69 70 Page 71 Page 72 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Thyrofort The basics Heat treatment Schematic representation Sampling according to DIN EN 10083 Ruling heat treatment diameter Comparison of international standards Hardness comparison table Forms supplied Temperature Comparison List of photos
3
THYROFORT
Wherever machines and their
components have to withstand
A tough type through and Thyrofort,

Heat-treatable steels acquire their high yield point, tensile strength and fatigue strength (combined with great toughness!) by being hardened and tempered at above 450 C but below the microstructural transformation temperature. The great strength of our Thyrofort steels is their optimum adaptation to the respective application. Optimum full quenching and tempering is guaranteed by choosing the suitable steel as a function of the workpiece cross-section. The extraordinary purity and the homogeneity of the microstructure ensure consistent mechanical properties, even with large crosssections. Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a position to supply round billets of up to 750 mm diameter and machined material of up to 400 mm diameter. In this context, the strength and toughness can be specifically adjusted and combined to meet the demands on the respective component.
high dynamic stresses, the use of special, high-performance steel grades is essential. If a component breaks, the machine grinds to a halt, the entire installation has to be stopped! Choosing the optimum steel for the respective component is of decisive importance for productivity, cost-efficiency and, above all, for safety. Thyrofort is our brand name for highstrength heat-treatable steels. Compared to case-hardening steels, these grades have a higher carbon content in the region of about 0.20 to 0.60%. While casehardened steels have a hard case and a tough core, heat-treated steels are characterized by high strength all the way from the case to the core. These two types of steel are a perfect match in large gearboxes: the gearwheels are made of casehardened steel, while heat-treated steel is used for the shafts.
General
through if you have big things in mind

Thyrofort heat-treatable steels offer excellent hot formability. Cold formability and machinability are dependent on the carbon content and the crystalline structure. Appropriate alloying and heat treatment permit adjustment of the microstructure for optimum machinability. The top quality of Thyrofort steels is achieved through high process reliability and modern installations for melting, highly developed secondary metallurgy, vertical continuous casting, remelting, hot forming and modern test facilities. Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a position to offer you a tailor-made heat-treatable steel for every application and every component. Ask our material specialists for advice.
Thyrofort
extraordinary
designed for
stresses
5
Spot-on analysis
The strength and toughness of the base material are determined by its chemical composition and the heat treatment it undergoes. Consequently, the required properties are already specifically aimed for when melting the steel. The facilities in Witten and Krefeld enable us to achieve a spot-on, reliably reproducible chemical composition.
Thyrofort accura to precise

steels and nickel-chromiummolybdenum heat-treatable steels.
Maximum purity
Extremely high purity is achieved by secondary metallurgical treatment, vertical continuous casting,
Specific hardenability
By selecting the right alloying elements, we can specifically adapt the hardenability of the material to the geometry of the respective component. The most important alloying elements for heat-treatable steels are chromium, nickel, molybdenum and vanadium. In addition to unalloyed heat-treatable steels, we also offer the following alloyed versions: chromium-alloyed heattreatable steels, chromiummolybdenum heat-treatable steels, chromium-nickel-molybdenum heat-treatable steels, chromium-vanadium heat-treatable
or by remelting. Undesirable nonmetallic inclusions are virtually ruled out.
Highly reliable fine grain

The fine grain of our Thyrofort grades is achieved in a highly reliable and controllable manner by targeted adjustment of the aluminium and nitrogen contents. No other manufacturer of special steel can beat the high degree of macroscopic and microscopic purity and the homogeneity of the microstructure of our Thyrofort steels.
High fatigue strength

In heat-treatable steels, the different service properties required for the individual components, such as high strength under static and dynamic stress, toughness and hardness, are set by way of the chemical composition and a sequence of heat treatment opera-
Special features
tely adapted requirements

The machinability of heat-treated steels is influenced by the microstructure, the strength and the non-metallic inclusions (sulphides, oxides). Further optimisation of the machinability can be achieved through increasing the level of sulphidic inclusions, by calcium treatment and by heat treatment, i.e. by specifically adjusting the microstructure.
Customised heat treatment

Depending on the envisaged application and processing, we can supply you with Thyrofort steel tions. Additional surface hardening by inductive heating increases the wear resistance.
Good machinability
The larger the quantity of components to be manufactured, the more important it is for the material to have good machinability. This means the cost-effectiveness of series production is already partly determined when ordering a specific steel grade.
grades in a wide variety of treated conditions, e.g. with reduced hardness or within a given strength range. Detailed technical information on as-delivered conditions and processing can be found starting on Page 66.
Unalloyed
THYROFORT C22E
Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts offering good weldability
THYROFORT C35E THYROFORT C35R

Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts
Unalloyed or alloyed
Unalloyed or alloyed heat-
Weve got far more than just the average
treatable steels the choice of material is determined by the nature of the load, the component geometry and the processing method. The unalloyed Thyrofort grades contain not only manganese, but also carbon as the main alloying element. The tensile strength and yield point rise with increasing carbon content. The alloyed steels are characterized by greater hardenability and better resistance to tempering. Compared to the unalloyed grades, they offer better throughhardening, enhanced toughness and a higher ratio of yield stress to tensile strength. Our partners in the steel trade offer a wide selection of Thyrofort grades in all standard sizes. Make use of our extensive capabilities and let us act as your extended workbench. Talk to our specialists about the
Unmachined or machined Rolled or forged

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies a wide variety of rolled and forged products, from bar steel, universal plate/flat dimensions and semis, all the way to open-die forgings in different heat-treated conditions. Our strength are steel grades not only in a variety of hot-formed products, but also in various processing stages. Our processing operations range from roughmachining to bright surfaces with close tolerances, all the way to ready-to-install components.
individual, tailor-made solution you require.
Steel portraits
THYROFORT Cf35
Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts, also suitable for surface hardening
Alloyed
THYROFORT 46 Cr 2 THYROFORT 46 CrS 2
Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts, as well as for fastening elements
THYROFORT 34 CrMo 4 THYROFORT 34 CrMoS 4

CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high toughness, for mechanical engineering and automotive parts, e.g. axle shafts, tyres, steering stubs, gas cylinders


Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive, axle and steering components

CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high toughness, for mechanical engineering and automotive parts, e.g. spars, connecting rods, gears, pinions and tyres, as well as for components for low-temperature applications
THYROFORT Cf45
in stock
THYROFORT 50 CrMo 4
CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high toughness, for automotive parts, e.g. rings, tyres, liners, shafts, axles, steering components
THYROFORT 30 CrMoV 9
CrMoV-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high yield point and toughness, for highlystressed parts in general mechanical engineering and for fastening elements, such as bolt turnbuckles
THYROFORT 36 CrNiMo 4
CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very highly-stressed parts in general mechanical engineering, with good toughness and high strength, e.g. fastening elements, accessories for oil and gas drilling
CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for highly-stressed parts in general mechanical engineering with large cross-sections and high toughness requirements in the low-temperature range, e.g. axles, drive components, fastening elements, shafts
THYROFORT Cf53

CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for highly-stressed parts in general mechanical engineering with large cross-sections and uniform toughness requirements over the cross-section, e.g. pinion and turbine shafts


THYROFORT 36 NiCrMo 16
NiCrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very highly-stressed parts in general mechanical engineering with high tensile and impact strength, suitable for air and oil hardening , e.g. demolition tools, components for oil and gas extraction

Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts, for strengths in the region of 700 N/mm2
THYROFORT 51 CrV 4
CrV-alloyed heat-treatable steel for fairly large, highly wear-resistant parts
THYROFORT 28 Mn 6
Mn-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress automotive and mechanical engineering parts with adequate weldability

CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high toughness and good welding properties, for mechanical engineering and automotive parts, e.g. axle shafts, steering stubs, turbine parts, rotor disks
Thyrofort whenever you to make comp

Nothing can take the place of safety. Thats why its advisable to use Thyrofort steel grades to manufacture components that are subject to high demands on safety and also on production reliability. Crankshafts, for example, are exposed to high dynamic stresses. If the crankshaft of a Formula 1 engine breaks, thats unfortunate and the race is lost. If the shaft of a ships diesel engine breaks, thats a disaster and the ship is incapable of manoeuvring. Be it extreme short-term loads or high, constant loads our highstrength Thyrofort steel grades can be exactly adapted to the stresses involved by way of targeted alloying, hardening and tempering. crankshafts in shipbuilding, for injection systems in marine diesel engines, for shafts in locomotive and wagon construction, for crankshafts, connecting rods, axles, steering stubs, steering components and wheel hubs in truck construction, for landinggear and control elements in aviation, for safety couplings and mast suspension units for aerial ropeways, for tools in oil and gas exploration, e.g. drive subs, for turbine shafts in power stations. Its also a job for Thyrofort whenever high precision and absolute, permanent freedom from distortion are required, e.g. in the recirculating ball screws and linear guides of machine tools. And the Thyrofort safety experts are also the ones who guarantee reliIn other words, the safety experts from Witten-Krefeld are the right choice whenever you cant afford to make compromises: for able functioning in the high-tech field: the turbopumps of the Ariane are made of Thyrofort.
10
Application examples
THYROFORT
cant afford romises
11
THYROFORT
Thyrofort is also the right choice when things get rough and tough in the building industry, too. On the one hand, the chisels of demolition hammers, or the teeth of excavators and rippers, need to have the right strength in order not to break. On the other hand, they need to be given long-term wear resistance by way of appropriate hardening. The high resistance to pressure also makes Thyrofort steel grades ideally safe materials, e.g. for the manufacture of steel cylinders for industrial gases and oxygen, as well as for pipeline construction.
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Thyrofort
the
safety experts
from Witten and Krefeld
13
Our own steel production in our modern steelworks in Witten is
We make our own steel, recipes

melting (VAR) furnaces is available in Krefeld for the production of heat treatable steels involving particularly stringent demands in terms of homogeneity of their microstructure and their purity.
Remelting facilities ESR
the basis for the purity and homogeneity of our heat-treatable steels. Precisely defined properties are achieved by means of exact alloying and process specifications for melting, forming and heat treatment. The steels are melted in a 130 t electric arc furnace. The metallurgical precision work is performed in a downstream ladle furnace of the same size. Depending on the steel grade and the dimensions of the end product, the steel melted in this way is cast in ingots or continuous cast blooms. Over 50 different mould formats are available for ingot casting, ranging from 600 kg to 160 t. The continuous cast blooms are manufactured in two strands on a vertical continuous casting machine in a 475 x 340 mm format. A remelting steelworks with two electroslag remelting (ESR) furnaces and two vacuum arc re-
Electroslag remelting process In the electroslag remelting process (ESR), which works with alternating current, a cast or forged, self-consuming electrode is immersed in a bath of molten slag, which serves as an electrical resistor. The material to be remelted drips from the end of the electrode through the slag and forms the new ingot in a water-cooled mould below. The heat dissipation leads to directional solidification in the direction of the longitudinal ingot axis. The remelting slag fulfils several functions in this process. On the one hand, it develops the necessary process heat, while at the same time supporting chemical reactions, such as desulphurisation, and acting as an anti-oxidant for the melting bath of the new ingot. In addition, the slag has a high capacity for absorbing nonmetallic inclusions, which means that the remelted material is free of coarse inclusions. The improvement in the microscopic
Scrap 130 t electric arc furnace Ladle tank degasser (VD / VOD) Ladle furnace VAR
Main production routes

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH THYSSEN KRUPP STAHL AG
14
Steel production
using reliable and the best ingredients

Blooming-slabbing mill got casting
Products
Long forging machines Machining Finishing departments, forging shops As-cast ingots / As-continuously-cast bloom material Open-die forgings as-forged or machined Forged semis Forged round billets for tubemaking as-forged or machined Forged bar steel as-forged or machined Machined tool steel forged or rolled As-rolled Rolled semis Rolled tube rounds as-rolled or peeled Rolled bar steel as-rolled or machined Universal plate and flats Blooming/billet/large-size bar rolling mill Special products
LSX 55
33 MN press
Heat treatment facilities
As-forged Peeling machines Finishing departments, rolling mills
LSX 25
uous bloom caster 5 x 340 mm, 2 strands Untreated
purity is attributable to desulphurisation and the resultant high degree of sulphidic purity, and also to a reduction in the size and quantity of oxidic inclusions.
Thyrofort
through
consistent
top quality process reliability

15
Thyrofort made your extended workbench

Vacuum arc remelting process The vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process works with cast or forged, self-consuming electrodes in a vacuum. Using an electric arc in a vacuum, a melting bath is generated in a copper crucible, which acts as the opposite pole to the remelting electrode and is connected to a DC voltage source via current contacts. A new ingot is formed from the liquefied electrode material drop by drop in a continuous process. In the VAR process, refinement of the steel is brought about by the reaction of the oxygen dissolved in the steel with the carbon in the molten material under the effect of the vacuum. This results in the best possible degree of microscopic oxidic purity and freedom from macroscopic inclusions. As no desulphurisation takes place during this remelting process, the Hot forming and finishing The blooming mill in Witten produces semi-finished products, steel bars and universal plate/flat dimensions. Two modern finishing lines for checking the inner and outer surface condition, as well as the dimensions and identity, are available for rolled and forged products and steel bars. The forge is equipped with a 33 MN press, a GFM LSX 55 horizontal long forging machine and a GFM LSX 25 long forging machine. lowest possible sulphur content has to be set prior to remelting, in order also to meet the most stringent demands on the degree of sulphidic purity. Moreover, this process guarantees the lowest possible quantities of dissolved gases in the steel and a homogeneous microstructure free of segregation.
16
Steel processing
-to-measure work from

parts. We put extensive consulting know-how and modern machining facilities at the disposal of our customers. After straightening, rolled or forged bar steel and round billets up to 300 mm diameter for tubemaking can be peeled, pressure polished and chamfered in Krefeld and Witten. Rotationally symmetrical parts with a piece weight of up to 20 tonnes are manufactured in Krefeld on conventional and modern CNC lathes and grinding machines. The key production fields are shafts, cylinders and rolls for continuous casting.
Machining
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld offers not only an optimum material in various forms, but also premachined and ready-to-install
Our
facilities
pay off for you
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Overview of grades and chemical compositions

Unalloyed steels
Apart from carbon, unalloyed steels contain manganese as the main alloying element. The steels listed in Tables 1 and 2 are given in the order of increasing carbon content and comply with European Standard DIN EN 10083, Part 1 Heat-Treatable Steels (1996 edition) or DIN 17212 Steels for Flame and Induction Hardening (August 1972 edition). Depending on the type and quantity of the alloying element added, certain specific properties can be attained. Chromium improves hardenability and throughhardening by reducing the critical cooling rate needed for the formation of martensite. Nickel also improves through-hardening and, at the same time, increases the absorbed energy per crosssectional area at low temperatures. Molybdenum is used in conjunction with other alloying
Boron-alloyed steels
The development of cheaper steels by saving on expensive alloying elements has led to increasing use of heat-treatable boron-alloyed steels. The use of these steels for fastening elements is already state-of-the-art today. Boron-alloyed steels are already being used as standard materials for special solid, heat-treated parts, like excavator teeth, axle parts, rotors, etc. Efforts are being made nationally and internationally to standardize these heat-treatable steels for general application. These steels can be supplied on request, provided that certain minimum order quantities are observed. Table 1 shows an overview of the grades of heat-treatable steels dealt with in this catalogue, while Tables 2 and 3 provide an overview of the chemical compositions.
Alloyed steels
Apart from carbon and manganese, alloyed steels contain other alloying elements. The most important of these are chromium, nickel, molybdenum and vanadium. The steels given in Tables 1 and 3, in the order of their alloy composition, Cr, CrV, Cr Mo, Cr Mo V, Cr Ni Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo, correspond to European Standard DIN EN 10083, Part 1, or DIN 17201 - Forgings and Forged Bars of Heat-Treatable Steels.
elements to increase the 0.2 % proof stress and tensile strength while decreasing the tendency to tempering brittleness. A vanadium content of approx. 0.10% improves tempering resistance and reduces sensitivity to overheating during hardening.
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Technical information
Overview of grades, Table 1

Grades Page 24 25 Page 26 27 Thyrofort C 22 E Thyrofort C 35 E Thyrofort C 35 R Thyrofort Cf 35 Page 28 29 Thyrofort C 45 E Thyrofort C 45 R Thyrofort Cf 45 Page 30 31 Page 32 33 Page 34 35 Thyrofort Cf 53 Thyrofort C 55 E Thyrofort C 55 R Thyrofort C 60 E Thyrofort C 60 R Page 36 37 Page 38 39 Page 40 41 Page 42 43 Page 44 45 Page 46 47 Page 48 49 Page 50 51 Page 52 53 Page 54 55 Page 56 57 Page 58 59 Page 60 61 Page 62 63 Page 64 65 Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16 Material No. 1.1151 1.1181 1.1180 1.1183 1.1191 1.1201 1.1193 1.1213 1.1203 1.1209 1.1221 1.1223 1.1170 1.7006 1.7025 1.7033 1.7037 1.7034 1.7038 1.7035 1.7039 1.8159 1.7218 1.7213 1.7220 1.7226 1.7225 1.7227 1.7228 1.7707 1.6511 1.6582 1.6580 1.6773 Code name acc. to EN 10083 C22E C35E C35R C45E C45R C55E C55R C60E C60R 28Mn6 46Cr2 46CrS2 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 41Cr4 41CrS4 51CrV4 25CrMo4 25CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 50CrMo4 36CrNiMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 36NiCrMo16 Standardized in DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN 17212 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN 17212 DIN 17212 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201 DIN EN 10083
Unalloyed steels Alloyed steels

19
Table 2: Unalloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis)
Steel grade Code name Thyrofort C 22 E Thyrofort C 35 E Thyrofort C 35 R Thyrofort Cf 351 Thyrofort C 45 E Thyrofort C 45 R Thyrofort Cf 451 Thyrofort Cf 531 Thyrofort C 55 E Thyrofort C 55 R Thyrofort C 60 E Thyrofort C 60 R Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 C55E C55R C60E C60R 28Mn6 C45E C45R DIN EN 10083 C22E C35E C35R Material No. 1.1151 1.1181 1.1180 1.1183 1.1191 1.1201 1.1193 1.1213 1.1203 1.1209 1.1221 1.1223 1.1170 Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight) C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni
To DIN 17212
Cr+Mo+ Ni max. 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63
0.17 0.24 0.32 0.39 0.33 0.39 0.42 0.50 0.43 0.49 0.50 0.57 0.52 0.60 0.57 0.65 0.25 0.32
max. 0.40 max. 0.40 0.15 0.35 max. 0.40 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.40
0.400.70 0.500.80 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.40 0.70 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 1.30 1.65
0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.025 0.035 0.035 0.035
max. 0.035 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 max. 0.035 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035
max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40 max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40
max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40
max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40 max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40 max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40
Table 3: Alloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis)
Steel grade Code name Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9
1
To DIN E 17201
Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight) DIN EN 10083 46Cr2 46CrS2 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 41Cr4 41CrS4 51CrV4 25CrMo4 25CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 50CrMo4 36CrNiMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 Material no. 1.7006 1.7025 1.7033 1.7037 1.7034 1.7038 1.7035 1.7039 1.7218 1.7213 1.7220 1.7226 1.7225 1.7227 C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni V
0.42 0.50 0.30 0.37 0.34 0.41 0.38 0.45
0.40 0.50 0.80 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.70 1.10 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.60 0.90 0.035 0.40 0.50 0.80 0.035 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.035 0.40 0.50 0.80 0.035 0.40 0.50 0.80 0.035 0.40 0.30 0.60 0.035 0.40 0.30 0.60 0.030
max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 max. 0.035 0.020 0.040 0.035
0.40 0.60 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20
< 0.60
0.10 0.20
1.8159 0.47 0.55 0.22 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.38 0.45
max. 0.035 0.90 1.20
0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30
1.7228 0.46 0.54 1.7707 0.26 0.34 1.6511 0.32 0.40 1.6582 0.30 0.38 1.6580 0.26 0.34 1.6773 0.32 0.39
max. 0.035 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 2.30 2.70 0.15 0.25
Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8
max. 0.035 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.90 1.20 max. 0.035 1.30 1.70 0.15 0.30 1.30 1.70 max. 0.035 1.80 2.20 0.30 0.50 1.80 2.20 max. 0.025 1.60 2.00 0.25 0.45 3.60 4.10
Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo16 36CrNiMo16
20
Overview of minimum 0.2 % proof stresses and tensile strength ranges

The choice of a suitable heattreatable steel is often determined by the required minimum yield point or tensile strength. The following overview (Figs. 1a-h) shows the minimum 0.2% proof stress values and the tensile strength ranges in hardened and tempered condition for the heat treatment diameters standardized
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range For a ruling heat treatment diameter of d 16 mm Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range N/mm2 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 42CrMo4; 50CrMo4 51CrV4; 36CrNiMo4 34Cr4; 25CrMo4 41Cr4; 34CrMo4 36 NiCrMo 16
34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8
46Cr2
28Mn6
37Cr4
C22E
C35E
C45E
C55E
C60
a)
in DIN EN 10083. These figures are valid for the sample positions described in Fig. 10 (page 71).
N/mm2 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 36NiCrMo16 36CrNiMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 30CrMoV9 25CrMo4 34CrMo4 42CrMo4 50CrMo4 46Cr2 34Cr4 37Cr4 28Mn6 41Cr4 C22E C35E C45E C55E C60E
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 16 mm < d 40 mm
b)
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range
N/mm2 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 36NiCrMo4; 51CrV4; 50CrMo4 36NiCrMo16 34CrNiMo6 25CrMo4 34CrMo4 34CrMo4 42CrMo4 46Cr2 37Cr4 28Mn6 41Cr4 C22E C35E C45E C55E C60E 30CrMoV9; 30CrNiMo8 0
Figs. 1a - h : Overview of minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength ranges of EWK heattreatable steels in quenched and tempered condition for various diameter ranges
c)
21
22
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 N/mm2 N/mm2 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 400 600 800 0
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range
N/mm2
1000
1200
1400
1600
200
400
600
800
C22E C22E C35E C45E 28Mn6 C55E C60E 25CrMo4 34CrMo4 42CrMo4 36CrNiMo4
C35E
C45E
C55E
28Mn6
C60E
25CrMo4
34CrMo4
42CrMo4
34CrNiMo6; 50CrMo4
30CrMoV9 50CrMo4; 51CrV4 34CrNiMo6 30CrMoV9; 36NiCrMo16; 30CrNiMo8
30CrNiMo8
C22E C35E C45E C55E 28Mn6 C60E 25CrMo4 34CrMo4 42CrMo4
36CrNiMo4 50CrMo4 51CrV4; 34CrNiMo6 30CrMoV9; 30CrNiMo8 36NiCrMo16
f)
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth N/mm2 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 400 600 800 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 0 For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 500 mm < d 750 mm For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 750 mm < d 1000 mm
e)
d)
Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth N/mm2 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 42CrMo4 50CrMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 0 400 600 800
Tensile strength range Zugfestigkeitsbereich
Minimum 0.2% proof Mindeststreckgrenzestress
g)
h)
THYROFORT THYROFORT
THYROFORT THYROFORT
THYROFORT THYROFORT
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld heat-treatablesteel, the heat-treatable steel, the way you need it. way you need it. Wherever you may be. Wherever you may be.
23
THYROFORT C 22 E
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1151 Code C22E
Chemical composition
Typical analysis in %
C 0.17 0.24
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr 0.40
Mo 0.10
Ni 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63
Mechanical properties in different treatment conditions

Heat treatment diameter in mm 0.2% proof stress (Rp 0.2) min. N/mm2
Normalised N
Tensile strength in N/mm2 Rm min. Elongation at fracture in % A min. 0.2% proof stress (Rp 0.2) min. N/mm2
Quenched and tempered Q + T

Tensile strength in N/mm2 Rm min. Elongation at fracture in % A min. Reduction of area at fracture in % Z min. Notch impact energy (ISO-V) in J KV min.
16 > 16 40 > 40 100

To DIN E 17201
240 210 210 230 220 210 200
430 410 410
24 25 25 27 26 25 24
340 290 260 220 220 210
500 650 470 620 450 410 410 410 600 540 540 540
20 22 24 26 26 25
50 50
50 50 45 40 40 35
> 40 100 >100 160 >160 250 >250 500 >500 1000
410 410 410 410
530 530 530 530
Heat treatment Normalising

Temperatures in C
Hardening 860 900
Quenching medium Water
Tempering 550 660
880 920
24
0.2%Streckgrenze R p0.2und Zugfestigkeit R inRm in 2 proof stress R and tensile strength N/mm N/mm2
p 0,2 m
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Tempering diagram
1000
1200
1400
200
400
600
800
0 Rm Rp 0,2 Z A 450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur o in Tempering temperatureC C 0 20 40 60 80
Bruchdehnung A und Brucheinschnrung Z in % Elongation at fracture A and reduction of area at fracture Z in %
100
THYROFORT C 22 E
25
THYROFORT C 35 E / C 35 R / Cf 35
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1181 Code C35E Material No. 1.1180 Code C35R Material No. 1.1183 Code Cf35*
*To DIN 17212
C C35E C35R Cf35 0.32 0.39 0.32 0.39
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80
P 0.035 0.035 0.025
S 0.035 0.0200.040 0.035
Cr 0.40 0.40
Mo 0.10 0.10
Ni 0.40 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63 0.63
To DIN 17212
0.33 0.39 0.15 0.35 0.50 0.80

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201 (Ck35)
300 270 270 245 245 240
550 520 520 500 500 490 610
18 19 19 19 19 20
430 380 320 290 290 270
630 780 600 750 550 700 490 640 490 640 490 640
17 19 20 22 22 21
40 45 50
35 35 35 31 31 25
>100 160 >160 250 >250 500 >500 1000
Heat treatment Quenching temperature in the end-quench test

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
870
860 900
840 880
Water or oil
550 660
Hardenability in the end-quench test

Hardness in HRC
Distance from quenched end in mm 1 max. min. 58 48 2 57 40 3 55 33 4 53 24 5 49 22 6 41 20 7 34 8 31 9 28 10 27 11 26 13 25 15 24 20 23 25 20
26
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in m in N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 and tensile strength R N/mm2 m
1400
1200
1000
100
800
Rm
80
600
60
400 Rp 0,2 200 A 0 450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur oC Tempering temperature in C
40
20
Hardenability diagram
70 65 60 55 50
Hardness inin HRC Hrte HRC
45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Distance from quenched end in mm Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflchein mm
Time-temperaturetransformation diagram for continuous cooling
1200 1100 1000 900

Temperature in C Temperatur in oC
800 700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
322 267 294 294 236 253 236 205 236 201 196 3 15 30 40 60 5 8 6070 60 60 35
Bruchdehnung fracture A and reduction ofin % Elongation at A und Brucheinschnrung Z area at fracture Z in %
AC3 F 40
45 50 45 55 55 P 50
AC1
MS
B
30 40 45 30 20
HV 10 100 Zeit inin s Time s 101
102 100 Zeit inin min. Time min 101
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
100 Zeit in hh Time in
27
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1191 Code C45E Material No. 1.1201 Code C45R Material No. 1.1193 Code Cf45*
*To DIN 17212
C C45E C45R Cf45 0.42 0.50 0.42 0.50
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80
P 0.035 0.035 0.025
S 0.035 0.0200.040 0.035
Cr 0.40 0.40 0.40
Mo 0.10 0.10
Ni 0.40 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63 0.63
To DIN 17212
0.43 0.49 0.15 0.35 0.50 0.80

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201 (Ck45)
340 305 305 275 275 300 290
620 580 580 560 560 590 720 590 720
14 16 16 16 16 15 15
490 430 370 340 340 320
700 850 650 800 630 780 590 740 590 740 590 740
14 16 17 18 18 17
35 40 45
25 25 25 22 22 20
>100 160 >160 250 >250 500 >500 1000
Hardness in different treatment conditions
Treated for shearing S HB max. 255
Soft annealed A HB max. 207

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 880
820 860
Water or oil
550 660

Hardness in HRC
Distance from quenched end in mm 1.5 max. min. 62 55 3 61 37 5 57 28 7 44 26 9 34 24 11 32 22 13 31 21 15 30 20 20 29 25 28 30 27 35 40 45 50
28
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in m in N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 and tensile strength R N/mm2 m
1400
1200
1000 R 800
100
80
600
Rp 0,2
60
400 Z 200 A 0 450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur oC Tempering temperature in C
40
20
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness in in HRC 45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflchein mm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900

Temperature in in oC Temperatur C
800 700
A
5 15
AC3 F
45 30 75 70 35 65 40 60 45 55
AC1
600 500 400

MS
60
P
80
B
30
300
M
200 100
Hrtewerte Hardness
HV 0 100 Zeit in Timein ss
254
244 135 223
220 216
210
101
102
103
104
105
106
100 Zeit in min Time in min.
101
102 100 Zeit in h Time in h
103 101 102
104
29
THYROFORT Cf 53
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1213 Code Cf53* *To DIN 17212
Si
Mn
P 0.025
S 0.035
0.50 0.57 0.15 0.35 0.40 0.70

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100
340 340
610 760 610 760
16 16
510 430 400
740 880 690 830 640 780
12 14 15
25 35 40
Heat treatment Normalising

Temperatures in C
Hardening 805 845
Quenching medium Water or oil
Tempering 550 660
830 860
30
THYROFORT Cf 53
1200 1100 1000 900
800 700 600 500 400 300

M MS A
1 1 1 3 2 98 97 10 3 4 5 96 95 90 95 80 75 70 70 65 65 15 20 25 30 30 35 35
AC3 F P AC1
200 100 0
Hardness Hrtewerte 772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 HV 10
187 187 176 170
100 Zeit in s s Time in
101
102
103
104
105
106
100 Zeit in min. Timein min
101
102 100 Zeit in Timein hh
103 101 102
104
31
THYROFORT C 55 E / C 55 R
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1203 Code C55E Material No. 1.1209 Code C55R
C C55E C55R 0.52 0.60 0.52 0.60
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
S 0.035 0.0200.040
Cr 0.40 0.40
Mo 0.10 0.10
Ni 0.40 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63 0.63

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201 (Ck53)
370 330 330 300 300 320 300
680 640 640 620 620 640 800 640 800
11 12 12 12 12 15 14
550 490 420 390 360 330
800 950 750 900 700 850 660 810 630 780 630 780
12 14 15 16 17 16
30 35 40
>100 160 >160 250 >250 500 >500 1000

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
830
825 865
805 845
Oil or water
550 660

Hardness in HRC
Distance from quenched end in mm 1.5 max. min. 65 58 3 64 55 5 60 33 7 52 31 9 37 29 11 35 27 13 34 26 15 33 25 20 32 24 25 30 22 30 29 20
32
Tempering diagram
1400
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm2
1200
1000 Rm 800
100
80
600
Rp 0,2
60
400
40
200 A 0 450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur oCin C Tempering temperature
20
70 65 60 55 50
Hardness in in HRC Hrte HRC
45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche in mm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900 Temperatur in oC Temperature in C 800 700

A
3 1 3 1 2 98 4 5 97 10 15 85 20 80 25 75 30 30 35 35
F
65P
AC3 AC1
600 500 400 300

M MS
1
90 96 95
70
70
65
200 100 0
Hardness Hrtewerte
772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 187 187 176 170
HV 10
100 Zeit in in s Time s
101
102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 101
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
100 Zeit in h Time in h
33
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1221 Code C60E Material No. 1.1223 Code C60R
C C60E C60R 0.57 0.65 0.57 0.65
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
S 0.035 0.0200.040
Cr 0.40 0.40
Mo 0.10 0.10
Ni 0.40 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63 0.63

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
380 340 340 310 310 340 330
710 670 670 650 650 680 860 680 860
10 11 11 11 11 13 12
580 520 450 390 390 350
850 1000 800 950 750 900 690 840 690 840 690 840
11 13 14 15 15 14
25 30 35
>100 160 >160 250 >250 500 >500 1000

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
830
820 860
800 840
Oil or water
550 660

Hardness in HRC
Distance from quenched end in mm 1.5 max. min. 67 60 3 65 50 5 62 35 7 54 32 9 39 30 11 36 28 13 35 27 15 34 26 20 33 25 25 31 23 30 30 21
34
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm2
1400
1200
1000
Rm
100
800 Rp 0,2
80
600
60
400 Z 200 A 0 450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur oC Tempering temperature in C
40
20
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness in in HRC 45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche inmm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900

o Temperatur ininC Temperature C
800 F 700 600 500 400 MS 300 200 100 0 M

Hardness Hrtewerte
242 528 269 247 227 229 187
AC3
25 75 88 85
A P B
7 10 12 95 93 90
15
AC1
20
HV 10
787
100 Zeit inin s Time s
101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
Time in h
35
THYROFORT 28 Mn 6
Material No. Code Material No. 1.1170 Code 28Mn6
C 0.25 0.32
Si 0.40
Mn 1.30 1.65
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr 0.40
Mo 0.10
Ni 0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni 0.63

Normalised N

16 > 16 40 > 40 100

To DIN E 17201
345 310 290
630 680 590
17 18 18
590 490 440 390 390 340
800 950 700 850 650 800 590 740 590 740 540 690
13 15 16 18 18 19
40 45 50
35 40 40
>100 160 >160 250 >250 500
Heat treatment
Quenching temperature in the end-quench test 850
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Temperatures in C
850 890
830 870
Water or oil
540 680

Hardness in HRC
Distance from quenched end in mm 1.5 H max. min. HH max. min. HL max. min. 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
54 45
53 42
51 37
48 27
44 21
41
38
35
31
29
27
26
25
25
24
54 48
53 46
51 42
48 34
44 30
41 27
38 24
35 21
31
29
27
26
25
25
24
51 45
49 42
46 37
41 27
35 21
32
29
26
22
20
36
THYROFORT 28 Mn 6
70 65 HH-Sorte HH grade 60 55 50
berschneidung Overlap of HH+HL-Sorte HH + HL grade
HL-Sorte HL grade
45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Abstand von Distance from quenched end in mm der abgeschreckten Stirnflche in
1200 1100 1000 900

Temperature inin oC Temperatur C
800 700
2 45 55 45 55 45
AC3 F P
55 45 55 45 45 55 55 45
AC1
600
A
45 20 10
500 400 MS 300

M
B
15 68 70 10
200 100 0 100
514
Hardness Hrtewerte
HV 10
488
464
274 221
187
180
176
170 176
165
156
101
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
Zeit in s s Time in
100 Zeit in Timein hh
37
THYROFORT 46 Cr 2 / 46 CrS 2
Material No. Code Material No. 1.7006 Code 46Cr2 Material No. 1.7025 Code 46CrS2
C 46Cr2 0.42 0.50 46CrS2 0.42 0.50
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.40 0.60 0.0200.040 0.40 0.60


16 > 16 40 > 40 100
650 550 400
900 1100 800 950 650 800
12 14 15
35 40 45
30 35 35

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 880
820 860
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
63 54
61 49
59 40
57 32
53 28
47 25
42 23
39 22
36 20
33
32
31
30
29
29
63 57
61 53
59 46
57 40
53 36
47 32
42 29
39 28
36 25
33 22
32 21
31 20
30
29
29
60 54
57 49
53 40
49 32
45 28
40 25
36 23
32 22
31 20
28
27
26
25
25
24
38
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in Rm in2 N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 and tensile strength N/mm
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

Z Rm
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
A
Rp 0,2
200 0
100
200
Tempering temperature in C
300 400 500 Anlasstemperatur in oC
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness inin HRC 45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche inmm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900

Elongation at fracture A and reduction of area at fracture Z in %
Bruchdehnung A und Brucheinschnrung Z in %
800
35 35
AC3
3 1 1 10 20 30 80 70 35 65 65 65 35
700
A
F
65
AC1
600 500
P
5 5 10
87
400 300
MS M
B
15 45 64 7 3
200 100 0
595 Hrtewerte Hardness
HV 10
592 488 393 347 303 232 221
206
183
178 176
172
101
102 100 101 Zeit in min min. Time in
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
100 Zeit in hh Time in
39
C 34Cr4 0.30 0.37 34CrS4 0.30 0.37
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20


16 > 16 40 > 40 100
700 590 460
900 1100 800 950 700 850
12 14 15
35 40 45
35 40 40

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
850 890
830 870
Water or oil
540 680

Hardness in HRC
57 49
57 48
56 45
54 41
52 35
49 32
46 29
44 27
39 23
37 21
35 20
34
33
32
31
57 52
57 51
56 49
54 45
52 41
49 38
46 35
44 33
39 28
37 26
35 25
34 24
33 23
32 22
31 21
54 49
54 48
52 45
50 41
46 35
43 32
40 29
38 27
34 23
32 21
30 20
29
28
27
26
40
Tempering diagram
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in2 N/mm2
2000 1800
Rm
100 90 80
Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm
1600
Rp 0,2
1400 1200 1000
Z
60 50 40 30 20
A
800 600 400 200 0
10 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflchein mm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900 Temperatur in oC Temperature in C 800 700 600 500
MS B
20 90 92 94 87 92
70
AC3
5 5 15 85
20 80 25 75 30 70 30 70 35 65
F3
3 3
AC1
400 300
M
200 100 0
Hardness Hrtewerte
550 498 366 334 297 291 253 219 212 294 206 189 196
HV 10
101
102 100 Zeit in in min. Time min 101
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
41
C 37Cr4 0.34 0.41 37CrS4 0.34 0.41
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20


16 > 16 40 > 40 100
750 630 510
950 1150 850 1000 750 900
11 13 14
35 40 40
30 35 35

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
845 885
825 865
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
59 51
59 50
58 48
57 44
55 39
52 36
50 33
48 31
42 26
39 24
37 22
36 20
35
34
33
59 54
59 53
58 51
57 48
55 44
52 41
50 39
48 37
42 31
39 29
37 27
36 25
35 24
34 23
33 22
56 51
56 50
55 48
53 44
50 39
47 36
44 33
42 31
37 26
34 24
32 22
31 20
30
29
29
42
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and Zugfestigkeit R in Rm in2 N/mm2 tensile strength N/mm Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und m
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

A Z Rm
100 90 80
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
60 55 50 Hrte in HRC Hardness in HRC 45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
Distance from quenched end in mm Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche inmm
1200 1100 1000 900

Rp 0,2
70
800 700 A 600 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
627 613 554 390 360 330 245 232 221 210 25 15 10 30 30 70 70 85 75
AC3 AC1
F B
30
MS
3 15 70 95 57
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101
102 100 Zeit in min Time in min.
103 101
104 102 100 Zeit in h Time in h
105 103 101 102
106 104
43
C 41Cr4 0.38 0.45 41CrS4 0.38 0.45
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20


16 > 16 40 > 40 100
800 660 560
1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950
11 12 14
30 35 40
30 35 35

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 880
820 860
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
61 53
61 52
60 50
59 47
58 41
56 37
54 34
52 32
46 29
42 26
40 23
38 21
37
36
35
61 56
61 55
60 53
59 51
58 47
56 43
54 41
52 39
46 35
42 31
40 29
38 27
37 26
36 25
35 24
58 53
58 52
57 50
55 47
52 41
50 37
47 34
45 32
40 29
37 26
34 23
32 21
31
30
29
44
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in Rm in2 N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 and tensile strength N/mm
Tempering diagram
2000
Rm
100 90
1800
Rp 0,2
1600 1400 1200 1000
Z
80 70 60 50 40 30 20
A
800 600 400 200 0
10 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900 800 Temperatur C Temperature inin oC 700

5
AC3
10 15 90 85 20 20 80 80 20 80
AC1
600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
629
P
5
MS
10 30
B
75 92 90
579 510 428 312 293 263 236
215 210 206
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min. Time in min 103 101 102 100 Zeit in Timein hh 104 105 103 101 102 106 104
45
THYROFORT 51 CrV 4
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8159 Code 51CrV4
C 0.47 0.55
Si 0.40
Mn 0.70 1.10
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr 0.90 1.20
Mo
Ni
V 0.10 0.25


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250
900 800 700 650 600
1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1850 1000 1800 1950
9 10 12 13 13
40 45 50 50 50
30 30 30 30 30
Treated for shearing S HB

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 880
820 860
Oil
540 680

Hardness in HRC
65 57
65 56
64 56
64 55
63 53
63 52
63 50
62 48
62 44
62 41
61 37
60 35
60 34
59 33
58 32
65 60
65 59
64 59
64 58
63 56
63 56
63 54
62 53
62 50
62 48
61 45
60 43
60 43
59 42
58 41
62 57
62 56
61 56
61 55
60 53
59 52
59 50
57 48
56 44
55 41
53 37
52 35
51 34
50 33
49 32
46
THYROFORT 51 CrV 4
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in2 N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm
Tempering diagram
2000 1800
Rm
100 90 80
1600
Rp 0,2
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
A
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65 60 55 50
Hardness in HRC Hrte in HRC
45 40 35
HH grade HH-Sorte
30 25 20 0 5 10
HL-Sorte HL grade
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900 800 Temperatur C Temperature in in oC 700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0
Hrtewerte Hardness
606 613 637 576 387 356 336 309 273 249 244 233 3 3 3 3
70
AC3 F AC1
P3
Zw Ms
3 8 20 90 90 95
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 103 101
104 102 100 Zeit in h h Time in
105 103 101 102
106 104
47
THYROFORT 25 CrMo 4 / 25 CrMoS 4

Material No. Code Material No. 1.7218 Code 25CrMo4 Material No. 1.7213 Code 25CrMoS4
C 25CrMo4 0.22 0.29 25CrMoS4 0.22 0.29
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160

To DIN E 17201
700 600 450 400 400 380
900 1100 800 1950 700 1850 650 1800 650 1800 600 1750
12 14 15 16 17 18
50 55 60 60
45 50 50 45 45 38
>160 250 >250 500

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
860 900
840 880
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
52 44
52 43
51 40
50 37
48 34
46 32
43 29
41 27
37 23
35 21
33 20
32
31
31
31
52 47
52 46
51 44
50 41
48 39
46 37
43 34
41 32
37 28
35 26
33 24
32 23
31 22
31 22
31 22
49 44
49 43
47 40
46 37
43 34
41 32
38 29
36 27
32 23
30 21
29 20
28
27
27
27
48

0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in2 N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
A
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Rp 0,2
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Rm
AC3 F M P
15 50 55 45 30 35 55 45 55 45 55 45
700 600 A 500 MS 400 300 M 200 100

Hrtewerte Hardness
464 3
10 5 10
20
30 10
AC1
B
85 100 87 95 90 87 70 55 40 15
366 332
HV 10 0 100 Zeit in Timein ss 101
297
273 257 229 233 217 188
171
170 160
163
102 100 Zeit inin min. Time min 101
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
100 Zeit in h Timein h
49

C 34CrMo4 0.30 0.37 34CrMoS4 0.30 0.37
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
800 650 550 500 450 410
1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950 1750 1900 1700 1850 650 1800
11 12 14 15 15 16
45 50 55 55 60
35 40 45 45 40 33
>250 500

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
850 890
830 870
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
57 49
57 49
57 48
56 45
55 42
54 39
53 36
52 34
48 30
45 28
43 27
41 26
40 25
40 24
39 24
57 52
57 52
57 51
56 49
55 46
54 44
53 42
52 40
48 36
45 34
43 32
41 31
40 30
40 29
39 29
54 49
54 49
54 48
52 45
51 42
49 39
47 36
46 34
42 30
39 28
38 27
36 26
35 25
35 24
34 24
50

0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in Rm in2 N/mm2 and tensile strength N/mm Streckgrenze R
Tempering diagram
2000 1800
Rm
100 90
1600 1400 1200
Rp 0,2
80 70 60
Z
1000 800 600 400

A
50 40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
Distance from quenched end in mm Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche in mm
1200 1100 1000 900 AC3 800

700 600 A 500 MS 400 300 M 200

Hrtewerte 100 Hardness HV 10 0 100 Zeit in s Time in s
597 3 70 85 3
F
5
30 40 45
45 55 55
45 55
0,2
AC1
P
3 55
B
90 92
90
89
15 5
574 435 353 321 295 283 281 231 231 200 187 193
101
102 100 Zeit in min Time in min.
103 101 102
104 10 101
105 104 102
106
51

C 42CrMo4 0.38 0.45 42CrMoS4 0.38 0.45
Si 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
P 0.035 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.035 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.0200.040 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
900 750 650 550 500 460 390
1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950 1750 1900 1700 1850 1600 1750
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
40 45 50 50 55
30 35 35 35 35 27 22
>250 500 >500 750
Heat treatment
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Temperatures in C
840 880
820 860
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
61 53
61 53
61 52
60 51
60 49
59 43
59 40
58 37
56 34
53 32
51 31
48 30
47 30
46 29
45 29
61 56
61 56
61 55
60 54
60 52
59 48
59 46
58 44
56 41
53 39
51 38
48 36
47 36
46 35
45 34
58 53
58 53
58 52
57 51
56 49
54 43
53 40
51 37
49 34
46 32
44 31
42 30
41 30
40 29
40 29
52

Tempering diagram
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in Rm in2 N/mm2 and tensile strength N/mm Streckgrenze R
2000
Rm
100 90
1600 1400 1200 1000
Rp 0,2
80 70 60 50
Z
800 600 400

A
40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900

1800
0,2
800 700 F 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100

Hrtewerte Hardness
566 599 496 446 342 311 314 293 286 239 213 206 197 1 3 10 15 25 30 85 75 70 35 65
AC3 AC1
5 20
B MS
5 10 15 75 90 95
99
92 70
HV 10 0 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit inin min. Time min 103 101 102 100 Zeit in h Time in h 104 105 103 101 102 106 104
53
THYROFORT 50 CrMo 4
Material No. Code Material No. 1.7228 Code 50CrMo4
C 0.46 0.54
Si 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
900 780 700 650 550 540 490
1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1850 1000 1800 1950 1750 1900 1700 1850
9 10 12 13 13 14 15
40 45 50 50 50
30 30 30 30 30 20 15
>250 500 >500 750
Treated for shearing S HB See condition A

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 880
820 860
Oil
540 680

Hardness in HRC
65 58
65 58
64 57
64 55
63 54
63 53
63 51
62 48
61 45
60 41
58 39
57 38
55 37
54 36
54 36
65 60
65 60
64 59
64 58
63 57
63 56
63 55
62 53
61 50
60 47
58 45
57 44
55 43
54 42
54 42
63 58
63 58
62 57
61 55
60 54
60 53
59 51
57 48
56 45
54 41
52 39
51 38
49 37
48 36
48 36
54
THYROFORT 50 CrMo 4
0.2% proof stress R p0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in N/mm2 N/mm2 R and tensile strength Rm in Streckgrenze
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

A Z
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Rp 0,2
200 0
100
200
300 400 500 600 Anlasstemperatur in oC Tempering temperature in C
700
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness in in HRC 45 40 35

HH grade HH-Sorte
30 25 20 0 5 10
HL-Sorte HL grade
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Rm
0,2
AC3 F
1 3 8 82 10 10 10 90 90 90 87
700 A 600 500
AC1
3 5
B 400 300 M 200 100

Hrtewerte Hardness
599 635 568 505 404 366 339 325 329
MS
10
30
80
90 95
92
15 5
HV 10 0 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 101 103
227 255 243 285
104 102 100 Zeit in Timein hh 103 101
105 104 102
106
55
Material No. Code Material No. 1.7707 Code 30CrMoV9*
*To DIN E 17201
C 30CrMoV9 0.26 0.34
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni 0.60
V 0.10 0.20
2.30 2.70 0.15 0.25

To DIN E 17201

> 16 > 40 >100 >160 >250
16 40 100 160 250 500
1050 1020 1900 1800 1700 1590
1250 1450 1200 1450 1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950
9 9 10 11 12 14
35 35 40 45 50
25 25 30 35 35 35
Heat treatment
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Temperatures in C
860 900
840 880
Oil or water
540 650

Hardness in HRC
56 48
56 48
56 47
56 47
56 46
56 46
55 45
55 44
54 41
53 39
52 38
51 37
50 36
49 35
48 34
56 51
56 51
56 50
56 50
56 50
56 49
55 48
55 48
54 45
53 43
52 42
51 41
50 40
49 39
48 38
54 48
54 48
54 47
53 47
53 46
52 46
52 45
52 44
51 41
49 39
48 38
47 37
46 36
45 35
44 34
56
Tempering diagram
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and Zugfestigkeit R in Rm in2 N/mm2 und tensile strength N/mm Streckgrenze R
2000 1800
Rm
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Rp 0,2
100
300 400 500 Anlasstemperatur in oC Tempering temperature in C
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900

0,2
800 700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
AC3 F
3 40
70 70 70 70 30 30 30 30
AC1
B MS
60 60 100 100 100 100
100
97 60 172
HV 10 100 Zeit in Timein ss 101
496
478 481 493 428 404 390 351 374 351
264 186 177 170
103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
57
Material No. Code Material No. 1.6511 Code 36CrNiMo4
C 0.32 0.40
Si 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.90 1.20 0.15 0.30 0.901.20


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250
900 800 700 600 550
1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950 1750 1900
10 11 12 13 14
45 50 55 60 60
35 40 45 45 45

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
840 870
820 850
Oil or water
540 680

Hardness in HRC
59 51
59 50
58 49
58 49
57 48
57 47
57 46
56 45
55 43
54 41
53 39
52 38
51 36
50 34
49 33
59 54
59 53
58 52
58 52
57 51
57 50
57 50
56 49
55 47
54 45
53 44
52 43
51 41
50 39
49 38
56 51
56 50
55 49
55 49
54 48
54 47
53 46
52 45
51 43
50 41
48 39
47 38
46 36
45 34
44 33
58
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in2 N/mm2
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

A
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm in N/mm
Rp 0,2
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65
HH grade HH-Sorte
60 55 50
HL-Sorte HL grade
45 40 35 30 25 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflche in mm Distance from quenched end in mm
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C Temperatur in C
Rm
AC3
25 10 20 3 10P 75
700 600 A 500 400 MS 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
AC1
3F
10 60 80 90
B
90 91 100 97 97 87 70
286 532 558 517 542 510 438 345 319 304 297 274 229
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 103 101 104 102 100 Zeit in h Timein h 105 103 101 102 106 104
59
C 0.30 0.38
Si 0.40
Mn 0.50 0.80
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
1.30 1.70 0.15 0.30 1.301.70


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
1000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1540 1490
1200 1400 1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1800 1950 750 1900 700 1850
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
40 45 50 55 55
35 45 45 45 45 45 40
>250 500 >500 1000

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
850 880
830 860
Oil
540 660

Hardness in HRC
58 50
58 50
58 50
58 50
57 49
57 48
57 48
57 48
57 48
57 47
57 47
57 47
57 46
57 45
57 44
58 53
58 53
58 53
58 53
57 52
57 51
57 51
57 51
57 51
57 50
57 50
57 50
57 50
57 49
57 48
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
54 49
54 48
54 48
54 48
54 48
54 47
54 47
54 47
53 46
53 45
53 44
60
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in N/mm2 N/mm2 and tensile strength Rm in Streckgrenze R
Tempering diagram
2000 1800
Rm
100 90
1600 1400 1200
Rp 0,2
80 70 60
1000 800 600 400

A
50 40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness in in HRC 45 40 35

HH grade HH-Sorte
30 25 20 0 5 10
HL-Sorte HL grade
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900

0,2
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 M

Hrtewerte Hardness
15 3 8 32 35
AC3 AC1
F A MS B
15 20 30 40 70 80
65
65
85
90
92 87 82 3 239 202 302
528 510 505 529 527 483 433 383 349
328 324
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in in min. Time min 101 103 102
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
61
C 0.26 0.34
Si 0.40
Mn 0.30 0.60
P 0.035
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
Ni
1.80 2.20 0.30 0.50 1.802.20


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250

To DIN E 17201
1050 1050 1900 1800 1700 1630 1590
1250 1450 1250 1450 1100 1300 1000 1200 1900 1100 1850 1000 1800 1950
9 9 10 11 12 12 12
40 40 45 50 50
30 30 35 45 45 45 40
>250 500 >500 1000

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
850 880
830 860
Oil
540 660

Hardness in HRC
56 48
56 48
56 48
56 48
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 46
55 46
54 45
54 45
54 44
54 44
54 43
54 43
56 51
56 51
56 51
56 51
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 49
55 49
54 48
54 48
54 47
54 47
54 47
54 47
53 48
53 48
53 48
53 48
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 46
52 46
51 45
51 45
51 44
51 44
50 43
50 43
62
Tempering diagram
1400
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength inm in N/mm2 Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 und Zugfestigkeit Rm R N/mm2
Rm 1200 Bruchdehnung A und Brucheinschnrung Z Elongation at fracture A and reduction of in % area at fracture Z in %
1000
Rp 0,2 80
800
600 Z 400
60
40
200 A 0
20
450 550 650 Anlasstemperatur oC Tempering temperature in C
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte in HRC Hardness in HRC 45 40 35

HH grade HH-Sorte
30 25 20 0 5 10
HL-Sorte HL grade
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1200 1100 1000 900

800 700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
574 552 530
AC3 AC1
MS
10
B
20 60 85 90 95
534 560 480 476 433 397
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 101 103 102 100 Zeit in h Time in h 104 103 101 102 105 104 106
63
Material No. Code Material No. 1.6773 Code 36NiCrMo16
C 0.32 0.39
Si 0.40
Mn 0.30 0.60
P 0.030
S 0.025
Cr
Mo
Ni
1.60 2.00 0.25 0.45 3.604.10


16 > 16 40 > 40 100 >100 160 >160 250
1050 1050 1900 1800 1800
1250 1450 1250 1450 1100 1300 1000 1200 1000 1200
19 19 10 11 11
40 40 45 50 50
30 30 35 45 45

Temperatures in C
Normalising
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
850
885 905
865 885
Air or oil
550 650

Hardness in HRC
57 50
56 49
56 48
56 48
56 48
56 48
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
55 47
57 52
56 51
56 51
56 51
56 51
56 51
55 51
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
55 50
54 49
53 48
53 48
53 48
53 48
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
52 47
64
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 und Zugfestigkeit R in Rm in2 N/mm2 and tensile strength N/mm Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 m
Tempering diagram
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

A
100 90 80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
200 0
100
200
600
700
70 65 60 55 50 Hrte HRC Hardness inin HRC 45 40 35

HH grade HH-Sorte
30 25 20 0 5 10
Overlap of berschneidung HH + HL grade HH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte HL grade
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Distance from quenched end in mm Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnflchein mm
1200 1100 1000 900

800 700 600 A+K 500 400 MS 300 B 200 100 0

Hrtewerte Hardness
Rp 0,2
Rm
Ac1e Ac1b
M
528 518
RA
518 515 470 462
HV 10 100 Zeit in s Time in s 101 102 100 Zeit in min Time in min. 101 103 102 100 Zeit in h Time in h 104 103 101 102 105 104 106
65
Thyrofort The basics

Heat-treatable steels are steels whose chemical composition makes them suitable for hardening. In the quenched and tempered condition, they exhibit a certain toughness at a given tensile strength. Heat-treatable steels, as standardized in DIN EN 10083, for example, can be mild carbon steels or steels alloyed with manganese, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and boron, having approximately 0.20 to 0.60 % carbon, whose mechanical-technological properties can be designed to fulfill the given requirements by the appropriate heat treatment hardening followed by tempering at temperatures usually over 550 C.
60
and the cooling rate on hardening (i.e. the quenching medium). These parameters determine the capacity of a steel to attain roughly the same mechanicaltechnological properties over a certain cross-section of the com-
Effect of microstructure
The strength and toughness of a heat-treatable steel depend on the hardening structure and the tempering temperature.
80 700 oC
70
Steel 42 CrMo 4 600 oC Tempering Temperature
Reduction of Area in %
ponent after hardening and tempering. For small sections, this is possible with unalloyed or Mn-, Cr- and B-alloyed steels. Larger sections demand fairly large quantities of the alloying elements Cr, Ni, Mo and V in order to ensure through-hardening. Fig. 2 shows an example of the effect of alloying elements on hardenability in the end-quench test on heattreatable steels with approximately 0.35% carbon.
60
500 oC 450 oC 350 oC Brittle Fracture 100% M 50% B 50% M 55% F + P 45% M
50
40 Transition 30 Ductile Fracture
20 600
1000
1500
2000
Tensile Strength in N/mm2 Acc. to H.-F. Klrner and E. Hougardy
Fig. 3: Effect of the microstructure on reduction of area and toughness
As shown in Fig. 3, using steel grade 42 CrMo 4 as an example, the most favourable combination of tensile strength and toughness, illustrated here by the reduction of area, is reached after tempering a 100 % martensitic
Effect of the alloying eleHardness in HRC
50
36 CrNiMo 4
structure. Mixed structures of bainite and martensite or
ments on hardenability
The choice of a suitable steel for a component demanding a certain minimum yield point or ultimate strength and toughness depends on the hardenability of the steel, the hardening section
40 34 CrMo 4 30
ferrite-pearlite and martensite give less favourable results.
34 Cr 4
20 C 35E 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance from end-face in mm
Fig. 2: Effect of alloying elements on hardenability in the end-quench test
66
Minimum Absorbed Energy (DVM Sample) in J
The effect of the structure diminishes with increasing tempering temperature. Due to their superior hardening structure, better strength/toughness combinations can be obtained with higher-alloyed steels than with unalloyed or low-alloy grades (Fig. 4).
Dimensional Range 40-100 mm 60 CrNiMo steels 50 1% Cr steels 40 1% CrMo steels 30 unalloyed steels 20 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Minimum Yield Point in N/mm 2
Effect of the carbon content

Improvements in the fatigue strength and/or wear resistance of heat-treatable steels are often achieved by case hardening. Depending
Fig. 4: Effect of chemical composition on the minimum 0.2% proof stress and toughness of heat-treatable steels
on the desired surface hardness, these steels require a minimum carbon content that must be fully
Temper embrittlement
Apart from these effects, the loss of toughness due to embrittlement that occurs on tempering around 300 C (300 C embrittlement) and 500 C (temper brittleness) should be mentioned to complete the picture. Accompanying elements, such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and tin, increase the degree of
60 80
dissolved on hardening (Fig. 5). The use of fine-grained steels is recommended for flame or induction hardening, to ensure lower sensitivity to cracking.
Fig. 5: Hardness as a function of carbon content for structures with various martensite contents (acc. to Gerber and Wyss).
C-Steels Ni-Steels
70
% Martensite 99.9% 95.0% 90.0% 80.0% 50.0%
Mn-Si-Steels Cr-Si-Steels Cr-Ni-Mo-Steels Cr-Ni-Steels Mo-Steels
temper embrittlement, while molybdenum or more rapid cooling after tempering reduce it. In order to avoid such brittleness effects, it is therefore advisable not to temper in the temperature range from 250 C to 530 C.
10 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Hardness in HRC 50
40 Cr-Mo-Steels 30 Greatest hardness acc. to Burns, Moore and Archer 20 Hardness with various martensite contents, acc. to Hodge and Orehoski Cr-Steels
0.8
Content of carbon dissolved in austenite in %
67
The heat-treatable steels discussed in this publication are special engineering steels which exhibit a higher degree of purity compared to high-grade steels, particularly with regard to nonmetallic inclusions, and react uniformly to heat treatment. Careful balancing of the chemical composition and special manufacturing and testing conditions allow the most varied machining and service properties to be achieved, e.g. high or very specific strength or hardenability in conjunction with high demands on toughness, ductility, etc.
Forming and machining

Heat-treatable steels exhibit good hot forming properties. Their cold workability depends on the carbon content, the quantities of alloying elements and the crystalline structure. Heat-treatable steels intended to be processed by cold upsetting or cold extrusion are usually supplied in the ASC-annealed condition. Machinability is mostly influenced by the strength, the microstructure and the non-metallic inclusions. In general, it can be said that machinability deteriorates with increasing strength and tough-
In order to improve machinability, heat-treatable steels are usually supplied with a controlled sulphur content of 0.020 0.040 %. Steels whose machinability has been improved by special metallurgical treatment can be supplied on request.
Heat-treatable steels are predominantly used for mechanically highly stressed components, e.g. in automotive and general mechanical engineering.
ness. This is why ferritic-pearlitic structures, for example, can be more easily machined than bainitic or martensitic structures. In cases involving extensive machining of components made of high-strength steels (approx. >1000 N/mm ), it can thus be appropriate not to carry out hardening and tempering until the part has been pre-machined.
2
68
Heat treatment Schematic representation

Heat treatment
The prerequisite for understanding the individual heat treatment processes of heat-treatable steels and the resulting structures is a knowledge of the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams or the cooling-time-temperaturetransformation (CTT) diagrams of the individual steel grades.
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Time (log.) Fig. 6 TTT-Diagram continous Time in h (linear) Fig. 7 Time-temperature diagram MS M 1 B A F P 2 AC 3 AC 1 Tempering 5 3 (continous) = Start of transformation = End of transformation A Austenite range F Ferrite range P Pearlite range B M Bainite range Martensite range
AC 3 AC 1 Stress relieving 6 4
The important heat treatment processes for heat-treatable steels (acc. to DIN 17014) are shown schematically in the isothermal and continuous TTT diagrams (Figs. 6 and 8) or in the temperature-time profile with linear time axis (Figs. 7 and 9).
Fig. 6: TTT diagram, continous Fig. 7: Time-temperature diagram with linear abscissa
Heat treatment processes, illustrated in a TTT diagram for continuous cooling

Hardening (Q, Curve 1) Heat treatment consisting of austenitising and cooling under conditions leading to an increase in hardness due to more or less complete transformation of the austenite into martensite and possibly bainite.
Quenching and tempering (Q + T, Curves 1 and 3) Hardening with subsequent tempering, usually above 550 C, in order to achieve the required combination of mechanical properties. It is particularly the aim to improve the toughness in comparison with the hardened state. Normalising (N, Curve 2) Heat treatment consisting of austenitising at temperatures about 50 C above AC3 and subsequent cooling in still air.
69
Heat treatment processes, illustrated in a TTT diagram with isothermal treatment

Isothermal transformation in the pearlite or bainite stage (Curves 5 and 6) Heat treatment consisting of austenitising, followed by cooling to an appropriate temperature and holding at this temperature until the desired degree of transformation has been achieved. Further cooling to room temperature can be carried out as desired. Depending on the transformation temperature involved, a distinction is made between pearlitising (Curve 6) and bainitising (Curve 5).
1000 900 800 700 Temperature in oC 600 500 400 5 300 200 100 0 Time (log.) = Start of transformation = End of transformation A Austenite range F Ferrite range B t A
Heat treatment processes, illustrated in a temperature/ time profile with linear time axis
Tempering (T, Curve 3) Single or multiple heating of a hardened workpiece to a given temperature AC1, holding at this temperature and subsequent appropriate cooling. Annealing to spherical carbides (AC, Curves 8 and 9) Annealing with the aim of spheroidising the carbides. It usually comprises extended holding at a temperature near AC1, possibly fluctuating around this value.
Stress relief annealing (Curve 4) Annealing with the aim of reducing residual stresses without appreciably changing the structure or mechanical properties. Soft annealing (A, Curve 7) Heat treatment for reducing the hardness of a workpiece to values below a given limit. N.B.: Soft annealing should not be confused with annealing to spherical carbides. Special case: Annealing for particular shearing (S) and sawing properties.
AC3 AC1
P
AC3
AC1
8
B 6
Temperature
ASC-annealing 7 Soft annealing 9
range of intermediate structure
M Martensite range
Time
Fig. 8: TTT diagram, isothermal
Fig. 9: Schematic representation of the temperature/time profile for annealing to spherical cementite (ASC) and soft annealing
70
Sampling according to DIN EN 10083

Sampling of bar steel and wire rod Fig. 10
Round sections d up to 25 mm 1)
d over 25 mm
Square and rectangular sections a over 25 mm a up to 25 mm 1) ba ba b b
12
.5
d d
12.5 b
2)
12.5
12.5
3)
3)
d Tensile specimen
1) For
12
12.5 notched bar impact specimen
12,5
thin products (d or b 25 mm) the specimen should, as far as possible, consist of an unmachined part of the bar. products having a round section, the longitudinal axle of the notch should be generally in the direction of a diameter. With products having rectangular sections, the longitudinal axle of the notch must be at right angles to the wider roll surface.
2) With
3)
The values given for the mechanical properties in Figs. 1a-h and in the material data sheets apply to samples in the quenched and
tempered or normalised heattreated condition, taken in accordance with Fig. 10.
12.5
71
.5
Ruling heat treatment diameter

Determination of the ruling heat treatment diameter acc. to DIN EN 17201
Name Sketch of Product section (bar) D (bar) (bar) b a a Equation for determining the appropriate heat treatment diameter d=D
Fig. 11 According to DIN EN 10083, the ruling heat treatment section of a product is the cross-section for which the mechanical properties are defined. Regardless of the actual shape and
D Di
= Diameter = Inner diameter
Round section Square section Oblong section
Da = Outer diameter
d = 1.1 a
d = 1.05 d = 1.5 b d=
h a
a,b = edge length W = wall thickness Sw = Hexagon width
Disc
d = 1.5 h d=
-Di h Da 2
dimensions of the product, the dih = Height
Disc with hole
Di Da
d = 1.5 h d = 1.05
-Di h Da 2
mension for the ruling heat treatment section is always expressed in the form of a diameter. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of an equivalent steel bar.
Ring
Di Da
Fd = Flange and shaft or roll diameter Fb = Flange and shaft or roll width
d = 1.5
Da -Di 2
Tube one-end or double-end closed hollow body
Di W
Di 80 mm d=2 W 80 < Di 200 mm d = 1.75 W 200 < Di d = 1.5 W
d = 2.5 W W
This is a steel bar which, when cooled from the austenitisation
End flange Shaft end
D Fb D Fb Fd
Fd
d=
Fb2 D2
temperature, has the same cooling rate at the location of the cross-
Fd
d = Fd
section envisaged for sampling as

+D)2 +Fb2
Centre flange Fb Schaft, roll Fd Fb Triangle (bar)
d=
(Fd-4 D
the ruling section of the product in question at the point envisaged for
d = Fd
sampling.
Sw
d = 1.03 Sw
Dreieck
(bar) a
d = 0.7 a
In Fig. 6 equations are quoted for the determination of the appropriate heat treatment diameter d.
If two equations are available, both are used to calculate d. The lower value of d is then used.
Fig. 11: Conversion formulas for determining the ruling heat treatment diameter d for various geometries
72
Permissible deviations between check analysis and ladle analysis

1
Table 4
means that, for a given melt, either the upper or the lower limit of the range given for the ladle analysis in Tables 2 and 3 may be exceeded, but not both at once.
Element
Maximum permissible content in the ladle analysis % by weight < 0.55
Deviation from limit1 % by weight
0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.005 0.0052 0.05 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.02
C > 0.55 Si Mn > 1.00 P S Cr > 2.00 Mo > 0.30 Ni > 2.00 V < 4.10 < 0.25 < 0.50 < 2.00 < 2.20 < 0.30 < 1.65 < 0.035 < 0.040 < 2.00 < 0.65 < 0.40 < 1.00
2 For steels with a range of 0.020 to 0.040% sulphur according to the ladle analysis, the deviation from the limit is 0.005%.
For check analysis, chips must be taken uniformly over the whole cross-section of the test piece.
73
Comparison of international standards

Comparison of the heat-treatable steels according to DIN EN 10083 or DIN E 17201 and DIN 17212 with international designations and standards
Grade Mat. No.
1.1151 1.1181 1.1180 1.1183 1.1191 1.1201 1.1193 1.1213 1.1203 1.1209 1.1221 1.1223 1.1170 1.7006 1.7025 1.7033 1.7037 1.7034 1.7038 1.7035 1.7039 1.8159 1.7218 1.7213 1.7220 1.7226 1.7225 1.7227 1.7228 1.7707 1.6511 1.6582 1.6580 1.6773
Table 5
Japan
Code name according to EN 10083-1

C22E C35E C35R C45E C45R C55E C55R C60E C60R 28Mn6 46Cr2 46CrS2 34Cr2 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 41Cr4 41CrS4 51CrV4 25CrMo4 25CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 50CrMo4 36CrNiMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 36NiCrMo16
Other German standards

DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN E 17240/ DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN 17212 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN 17212 DIN 17212 DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN E 17222 / DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 DIN 1652 T4 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 DIN 1652 T4 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 DIN 1652 T4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 DIN 1652 T4 DIN 17211 / DIN 17222 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 17176 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550 DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550
USA
Thyrofort C 22 E Thyrofort C 35 E Thyrofort C 35 R Thyrofort Cf 35 Thyrofort C 45 E Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort C 45 R Cf 45 Cf 53 C 55 E C 55 R C 60 E
AISI / SAE /ASTM 1020/1023 JIS S20C / S20CK / S22C AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035/1038 JIS S35C AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1045 AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM 1049 1045 1050/1055 1055 1055 1060/1064 JIS S35C JIS S45C / S45C JIS JIS JIS JIS JIS S50C S45C S50C S55C S58C
Thyrofort C 60 R Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort Thyrofort 46 46 34 34 37 37 41 Cr 2 CrS 2 Cr 4 CrS 4 Cr 4 CrS 4 Cr 4
AISI / SAE /ASTM 1330 AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM AISI / SAE /ASTM
JIS SCMn1
5045 / 5046 5132 JIS SCr430(H) 5135 JIS SCr435(H) 5140 JIS SCr440(H)
Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16
AISI / SAE /ASTM 6145 / 6150 JIS SUP10 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4130 JIS SCM420 / SCM430 / SCCRM1
AISI / SAE /ASTM 4135 /4137 JIS SCM432 / SCM435(H)/SCCRM3 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4140 /4142 JIS SCM440(H)/SNB7 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4150 JIS SCM445(H)
SEW 550 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4340 / 9840 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4337 / 4340 JIS SNCM447 JIS SNCM431
74
Hardness comparison table Tensile strength, Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness
Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 255 270 285 305 320 335 350 370 385 400 415 430 450 465 480 495 510 530 545 560 575 595 610 625 640 660 675 690 705 720 740 755 770 785 800 820 835 850 865 880 900 915 930 950 965 995 1030 1060 1095 1125 1155 1190 1220 1255 1290 1320 1350 1385 1420 1455 1485 1520 1555 1595 1630 1665 1700 1740 1775 1810 1845 1880 1920 1955 1995 Brinell hardness Ball indentation mm d HB 6.63 6.45 6.30 6.16 6.01 5.90 5.75 5.65 5.54 5.43 5.33 5.26 5.16 5.08 4.99 4.93 4.85 4.79 4.71 4.66 4.59 4.53 4.47 4.43 4.37 4.32 4.27 4.22 4.18 4.13 4.08 4.05 4.01 3.97 3.92 3.89 3.86 3.82 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.54 3.49 3.43 3.39 3.34 3.29 3.25 3.21 3.17 3.13 3.09 3.06 3.02 2.99 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.73 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.59 2.57 76.0 80.7 85.5 90.2 95.0 99.8 105 109 114 119 124 128 133 138 143 147 152 156 162 166 171 176 181 185 190 195 199 204 209 214 219 223 228 233 238 242 247 252 257 261 266 271 276 280 285 295 304 314 323 333 342 352 361 371 380 390 399 409 418 428 437 447 (456) (466) (475) (485) (494) (504) (513) (523) (532) (542) (551) (561) (570) Vickers hardness HV 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 HRB 41.0 48.0 52.0 56.2 62.3 66.7 71.2 75.0 78.7 81.7 85.0 87.1 89.5 91.5 92.5 93.5 94.0 95.0 96.0 96.7 98.1 99.5 (101) (102) (104) (105) Rockwell hardness HRC 20.3 21.3 22.2 23.1 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4 27.1 27.8 28.5 29.2 29.8 31.0 32.2 33.3 34.4 35.5 36.6 37.7 38.8 39.8 40.8 41.8 42.7 43.6 44.5 45.3 46.1 46.9 47.7 48.4 49.1 49.8 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.3 53.0 53.6 54.1 54.7 55.2 HR 30 N 41.7 42.5 43.4 44.2 45.0 45.7 46.4 47.2 47.8 48.4 49.0 49.7 50.2 51.3 52.3 53.6 54.4 55.4 56.4 57.4 58.4 59.3 60.2 61.1 61.9 62.7 63.5 64.3 64.9 65.7 66.4 67.1 67.7 68.3 69.0 69.5 70.0 70.5 71.2 71.7 72.1 72.7 73.2 Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 2030 2070 2105 2145 2180 Brinell hardness Ball indentation mm d HB 2.54 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.47 (580) (589) (599) (608) (618) Vickers hardness HV 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 HRB Rockwell hardness HRC 55.7 56.3 56.8 57.3 57.8 58.3 58.8 59.2 59.7 60.1 61.0 61.8 62.5 63.3 64.0 64.7 65.3 65.9 66.4 67.0 67.5 68.0 HR 30 N 73.7 74.2 74.6 75.1 75.5 75.9 76.4 76.8 77.2 77.6 78.4 79.1 79.7 80.4 81.1 81.7 82.2 82.7 83.1 83.6 84.0 84.4
Conversions of hardness values using this conversion table are only approximate. See DIN 50 150, December 1976.
Tensile strength Brinell hardness1) 1) Calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
N/mm2 Diameter of the ball indentation in mm
Rm d
(0.102 F/D2 = 30) D = 10 Vickers hardness
Hardness value =
0.102 2 F D (D D2 d2)
HB
Diamond pyramid Test forces 50 N Ball 1.588 mm (1/16) Total test force = 98 N Diamond cone Total test force = 1471 N Diamond cone Total test force = 294 N
HV
Rockwell hardness
HRB
HRC
HR 30 N
75
Forms supplied
Product Dimensions Dia. or edge length Bar steel and round billets for tubemaking rolled 55 250 mm dia. DIN 1013 > 200 mm dia. standard incompany tolerance, closer tolerance on request Sharp-edged 50 103 mm square Flat: Width: 80 510 mm Thickness: 25 160 mm Width/thickness ratio 10:1 max Sheet bars rolled with bulbous narrow face Semis rolled Width: 25 160 mm Thickness: 80 550 mm 50 320 mm square, rising in 1 mm increments < 210 mm +/- 2% > 210 mm +/- 3% of edge length Special:*) 100 mm +/- 1% of edge length > 100 mm 210 mm +/- 1.5% of edge length Standard: 6 mm/m Special:*) 4 mm/m DIN 1014 Tolerances Lengths Subject to purchase order Special:*) +100/-0 Straightness 80 mm: 4.0 mm/m > 80 mm: 2.5 mm/m < 1000 mm2: 4.0 mm/m > 1000 mm2: 2.5 mm/m Special:*) Specially straightened Lengths/ weights End condition As-supplied condition Untreated Surface finish
4.0 10 m, Hot-sawn other lengths or hot abrasion request ve-cut
DIN 1017 up to 150 mm width and 60 mm thickness; over 150 mm width standard in-company tolerance Tolerance on request
Rough-peeled finish available for 52 Cold-sheara240 mm ble Max. permissible Special:*) Cold-sawable surface defect depCold-sawn, ths: cold abrasive- Normalized cut Round: 1% max. of Treated to dia. + 0.05 mm ferrite-pearlite Square: 1% max. of structure edge length Treated to Flat: 1.5% max. of hardness width, 2.0% max. of range thickness Soft-annealed Special:*) Spheroidize- Smaller surface defect depth on annealed request Stress-relieved 210 mm square: hot-sawn or hot abrasive-cut > 210 mm square: hot-sheared Special:*) Cold abrasivecut, cold-sawn Quenched Edge radius: and tempered < 210 mm - 12-18% of edge length > 210 mm: without defined edge radius Max. perm. surface defect depth: 140 mm sq. 0.3 mm max. > 140 - 200 mm sq. 0.6 mm max. > 200 mm sq. visible defects eliminated
Bar steel and semis forged
65 750 mm dia. 265 650 mm square flat: on request
DIN 7527
Semis: as-forged straightness Bar steel: to DIN within the tolerance limit
Lengths as a function of dimensions and heattreatment condition on request
Hot abrasivecut or coldsawn Special:*) Cold abrasivecut
Special:*) - Rough-peeled - Turned - Milled
Bright steel peeled peeled and polished 52 400 mm dia. 52 300 mm dia. ISA Tol. 11 or comparable tolerance ISA Tol. 11 or comparable tolerance
As-peeled straightness 2 mm/m, 1 mm/m or closer as a function of dimensions on request
3 - 10 m, on request 30 m max. as a function of dia. and max. bar dead weight of 7 t
Hot-sawn/hot abrasive-cut Special:*) Cold-sawn/ abrasive-cut Dimensions 50 - 105 mm with round chamfer 30 or 45, chamfer width approx. 5 -12 mm, other widths by arrangement
Technically crack-free condition e.g. eddycurrent tested or comparable technique, defined depth of roughness and suitable packaging by special arrangement
ground
52 100 mm dia.
ISA-Tol. 8 or comparable tolerance
38m
As-cast ingots/c.c. blooms Open-die forgings
on request
Forgings forged to shape on request (drawing)
*) Special finishes subject to further inquiry (partly dependent on quality, dimensions and condition)
76
Temperature Comparison Chart
C X = particular measured temperature C 273,15 270,00 200,00 150,00 100,00 90,00 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 17,78 10,00 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 110,00 120,00 130,00 140,00 150,00 160,00 170,00 180,00 190,00 200,00 210,00 220,00 230,00 240,00 250,00 260,00 270,00 280,00 290,00 300,00 310,00 320,00 330,00 340,00 350,00 360,00 370,00 F 459,67 454,00 328,00 238,00 148,00 130,00 112,00 94,00 76,00 58,00 40,00 22,00 4,00 0,00 14,00 32,00 50,00 68,00 86,00 104,00 122,00 140,00 158,00 176,00 194,00 212,00 230,00 248,00 266,00 284,00 302,00 320,00 338,00 356,00 374,00 392,00 410,00 428,00 446,00 464,00 482,00 500,00 518,00 536,00 554,00 572,00 590,00 608,00 626,00 644,00 662,00 680,00 698,00 K C F X 273 X 5 /9 (X32) K 0,00 3,15 73,15 123,15 173,15 183,15 193,15 203,15 213,15 223,15 233,15 243,15 253,15 255,37 263,15 273,15 283,15 293,15 303,15 313,15 323,15 333,15 343,15 353,15 363,15 373,15 383,15 393,15 403,15 413,15 423,15 433,15 443,15 453,15 463,15 473,15 483,15 493,15 503,15 513,15 523,15 533,15 543,15 553,15 563,15 573,15 583,15 593,15 603,15 613,15 623,15 633,15 643,15 C 380,00 390,00 400,00 410,00 420,00 430,00 440,00 450,00 460,00 470,00 480,00 490,00 500,00 510,00 520,00 530,00 540,00 550,00 560,00 570,00 580,00 590,00 600,00 610,00 620,00 630,00 640,00 650,00 660,00 670,00 680,00 690,00 700,00 710,00 720,00 730,00 740,00 750,00 760,00 770,00 780,00 790,00 800,00 810,00 820,00 830,00 840,00 850,00 860,00 870,00 880,00 890,00 900,00
F 9 /5 (X273) + 32 9 /5 X + 32 X F 716,00 743,00 752,00 770,00 788,00 806,00 824,00 842,00 860,00 878,00 896,00 914,00 932,00 950,00 968,00 986,00 1004,00 1022,00 1040,00 1058,00 1076,00 1094,00 1112,00 1130,00 1148,00 1166,00 1184,00 1202,00 1220,00 1238,00 1256,00 1274,00 1292,00 1310,00 1328,00 1346,00 1364,00 1382,00 1400,00 1418,00 1436,00 1454,00 1472,00 1490,00 1508,00 1526,00 1544,00 1562,00 1580,00 1598,00 1616,00 1634,00 1652,00 K 653,15 663,15 673,15 683,15 693,15 703,15 713,15 723,15 733,15 743,15 753,15 763,15 773,15 783,15 793,15 803,15 813,15 823,15 833,15 843,15 853,15 863,15 873,15 883,15 893,15 903,15 913,15 923,15 933,15 943,15 953,15 963,15 973,15 983,15 993,15 1003,15 1013,15 1023,15 1033,15 1043,15 1053,15 1063,15 1073,15 1083,15 1093,15 1103,15 1113,15 1123,15 1133,15 1143,15 1153,15 1163,15 1173,15
K X X + 273 5 /9 (X32) + 273 C 910,00 920,00 930,00 940,00 950,00 960,00 970,00 980,00 990,00 1000,00 1010,00 1020,00 1030,00 1040,00 1050,00 1060,00 1070,00 1080,00 1090,00 1100,00 1110,00 1120,00 1130,00 1140,00 1150,00 1160,00 1170,00 1180,00 1190,00 1200,00 1210,00 1220,00 1230,00 1240,00 1250,00 1260,00 1270,00 1280,00 1290,00 1300,00 1310,00 1320,00 1330,00 1340,00 1350,00 1360,00 1370,00 1380,00 1390,00 1400,00 1500,00 2000,00 2500,00 F 1670,00 1688,00 1706,00 1724,00 1742,00 1760,00 1778,00 1796,00 1814,00 1832,00 1850,00 1868,00 1886,00 1904,00 1922,00 1940,00 1958,00 1976,00 1994,00 2012,00 2030,00 2048,00 2066,00 2084,00 2102,00 2120,00 2138,00 2156,00 2174,00 2192,00 2210,00 2228,00 2246,00 2264,00 2282,00 2300,00 2318,00 2336,00 2354,00 2372,00 2390,00 2408,00 2426,00 2444,00 2462,00 2480,00 2498,00 2516,00 2234,00 2552,00 2732,00 3632,00 4532,00 K 1183,15 1193,15 1203,15 1213,15 1223,15 1233,15 1243,15 1253,15 1263,15 1273,15 1283,15 1393,15 1303,15 1313,15 1323,15 1333,15 1343,15 1353,15 1363,15 1373,15 1383,15 1393,15 1403,15 1413,15 1423,15 1433,15 1443,15 1453,15 1463,15 1473,15 1483,15 1493,15 1503,15 1513,15 1523,15 1533,15 1543,15 1553,15 1563,15 1573,15 1583,15 1593,15 1603,15 1613,15 1623,15 1633,15 1643,15 1653,15 1663,15 1673,15 1783,15 2273,15 2773,15
77
List of photos
Page Cover 03 04 4 5 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 11 10 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 Source Alfing Steinmetz MAN, B&W Company photo Company photo, Siemens Company photo Thyssen Umformtechnik Alfing Steinmetz Company photo Company photo Steinmetz Company photo Bavaria Imagine MAN Shuton PSA Peugot Citroen DAF Doppelmayr Mannesmann Company photo Image Object/Motif Crankshaft Crankshaft Ships engine Forge Turbine shaft Team meeting Crankshaft Crankshaft Chips Bar steel warehouse Bar steel warehouse Rudder spindles Bar steel warehouse Landing gear Oil tanker Ships engine Recirculating ball screw Peugot 607 XF95 truck Chairlift High-pressure tubes Sliding sleeve Ariane launcher
12 12 12 13 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17
Company photo Atlas Copco Mannesmann Rhrenwerke Company photo Baker Hughes Company photo Schwellis/Peddinghaus Schwellis/Peddinghaus Company photo Worthington Heiser Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Carlow Company photo Company photo
Wheel loader Demolition hammer Continuous tube mill Sliding sleeve Oil tool Drilling rig BMW suspension Ripper tips/Excavator tooth Axle stub Gas cylinders Electric arc furnace Vacuum plant Continuous casting plant ESR plant Control room, 3000 t press Forging bar steel Blooming mill Forging, 3000 t press Peeling machine Bar steel warehouse Forging, 3000 t press
78
General note (liability) All statements regarding the properties or utilisation of the materials or products mentioned are for the purposes of description only. Guarantees regarding the existence of certain properties or a certain utilisation are only ever valid if agreed upon in writing.
79
THYROFORT THYROFORT
THYROFORT THYROFORT
THYROFORT THYROFORT
Heat-treatable steels
Sales - Heat-treatable steels Tel. (+49) 2302/294346 Fax (+49) 2302/294687 0 23 0 E-mail: ressing@ewkgmbh.de Quality Department Tel. (+49) 2302/294020 Fax (+49) 2302/2944363 02/29 44 36 Tel. (+49) 2151/832046 Fax (+49) 2151/834156
EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

Auestrae 4, 58452 Witten/Germany Tel. (+49) 2302/294307 Fax (+49) 2302/294308 E-mail: dr.sobottka@ewk.thyssen.com Internet: www.edelstahl-witten-krefeld.de
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DEW Informacija Par Legetajiem Teraudiem

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EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

Special engineering steels

Technical information Page 18 20 Overview of grades and chemical composition

Minimum yield points and tensile strength ranges

Material data Page 24 65 Material data sheets

Wherever machines and their

components have to withstand

A tough type through and Thyrofort,

through if you have big things in mind

Thyrofort accura to precise

or by remelting. Undesirable nonmetallic inclusions are virtually ruled out.

Highly reliable fine grain

High fatigue strength

tely adapted requirements

Customised heat treatment

THYROFORT C35E THYROFORT C35R

Unalloyed or alloyed heat-

Weve got far more than just the average

Unmachined or machined Rolled or forged

individual, tailor-made solution you require.

THYROFORT 34 CrMo 4 THYROFORT 34 CrMoS 4

THYROFORT C45E THYROFORT C45R

THYROFORT 34 Cr 4 THYROFORT 34 CrS 4

THYROFORT 42 CrMo 4 THYROFORT 42 CrMoS 4

THYROFORT 37 Cr 4 THYROFORT 37 CrS 4

THYROFORT C55E THYROFORT C55R

THYROFORT 41 Cr 4 THYROFORT 41 CrS 4

THYROFORT C60E THYROFORT C60R

THYROFORT 25 CrMo 4 THYROFORT 25 CrMoS 4

Thyrofort whenever you to make comp

cant afford romises

from Witten and Krefeld

Our own steel production in our modern steelworks in Witten is

We make our own steel, recipes

Main production routes

using reliable and the best ingredients

Heat treatment facilities

As-forged Peeling machines Finishing departments, rolling mills

uous bloom caster 5 x 340 mm, 2 strands Untreated

top quality process reliability

Thyrofort made your extended workbench

-to-measure work from

Overview of grades and chemical compositions

Overview of grades, Table 1

Unalloyed steels Alloyed steels

Cr+Mo+ Ni max. 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63

0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.025 0.035 0.035 0.035

max. 0.40 max. 0.10 max. 0.40

0.42 0.50 0.30 0.37 0.34 0.41 0.38 0.45

0.40 0.60 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20

1.8159 0.47 0.55 0.22 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.38 0.45

max. 0.035 0.90 1.20

Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8

Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo16 36CrNiMo16

Overview of minimum 0.2 % proof stresses and tensile strength ranges

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 16 mm < d 40 mm

Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 40 mm < d 100 mm

Minimum 0.2% proof stress and tensile strenth range

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 160 mm < d 250 mm

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 250 mm < d 500 mm

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 100 mm < d 160 mm

30CrMoV9 50CrMo4; 51CrV4 34CrNiMo6 30CrMoV9; 36NiCrMo16; 30CrNiMo8