Lenwood G. Davis - Blacks in The Pacific Northwest, 1788-1972 (1972)

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BLACKS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST,
1788-1972: A Bibliography of Published Works and of Unpublished Source Materials on the Life and Contributions of Black People in the Pacific Northwest
Lenwood G. Davis
Department of History Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
THE LIBRARY OF THE
NOV
1 1972
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Mrs. Mary Vance, Editor Post Office Box 229 Monticello, Illinois 61856
T>* U.WWSY OF
.
1972
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT.
URBANA-CH*
COUNCIL OF PLANNING LIBRARIANS
Exchange Bibliography #335
BLACKS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

1788 - 1972
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLISHED WORKS AND OF UNPUBLISHED SOURCE MATERIALS ON THE LIFE jND CONTRIBUTIONS OF BLACK PEOPLE IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
by
Lenwood G. Davis Department of History Portland State University Portland, Oregon

1
1972 by Leonard G. Davis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
2
GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS
SELECTED BLACK PERIODICALS UNITED STATES LIBRARIES WITH MiJOR BLACK HISTORY BOOK COLLECTIONS
MANUSCRIPTS, LETTERS, AND CLIPPINGS
.10
13 15
27 31
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, ARCHIVES AND REPORTS
UNPUBLISHED WORKS
NEWSPAPERS
EDITORIALS IN NEWSPAPERS
ARTICLES IN i~:-;JERS
33
38
ARTICLES
2.
XEGjaSv..
....'..
6U
75
BOOKS...,,.
2.
CPL Exchange Bibliography #335
INTRODUCTI ON
This bibliography is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive
and exhaustive ever compiled on Blacks in the Pacific Northwest.
It is primarily designed as a reference for those who wish to
learn more about Blacks in the Pacific Northwest.
The materials
listed covers every period of that section's history from the earliest records of Blacks arrival to present.
Since the majority of
Blacks live in the state of Oregon and Washington most of the materials cited pertain to those states.
However, other materials
cover other parts of the Pacific Northwestj Idaho, Montana and
British Columbia.
This bibliography also contains general biblio-
graphical works, as well as primary source materials, that are in

the manuscript collections of the Oregon Historical Society, the
State Archives, the Oregon State Library, the Washington State Li-
brary, the University of Washington Library and the Idaho State
Library and several state historical societies.
I have attempted
to list everything in the Pacific Northwest as well as nearby

states, whether newspapers, articles in newspapers and periodicals,
official documents, as well as unpublished works pertaining to
Blacks in the Pacific Northwest.
There is no comprehensive and up-to-date work on Blacks in

the Pacific Northwest even though there is obviously a need for
one.
The most complete work on Blacks in the Pacific Northwest
is an unpublished master's thesis, "Negroes in Pacific Coast His-
tory Prior to 1865," by Ethel Camille Rhodes that was written for
Howard University in 19h0. work is needed.
Heedless to say, a more up-to-date
There is also Archie liaree Henderson's unpublished
3.
master's thesis, "Introduction of the Negroes into the Pacific

Northwest, 1788-181*2," that was xradtten for the University of Wash-
ington in 19U9.
Henderson's thesis is not as comprehensive or as

However, it does serve a useful purpose.
well written as Rhodes'.
Most of the books written on the Pacific Northwest completely omit

the life and contributions of Black people in the Pacific North-
west.
Therefore, a comprehensive and up-to-date history is desper-
ately needed.
Most people are no doubt aware of D.G. Hill's "The Negro in

Oregon, A Survey," which is an unpublished master's thesis that
was written in 1932.
This is perhaps one of the major works on However, a more up-to-date
Black people in Oregon up to 1932.

Tfork
needs to be done.
Jean B, Brownell's "Negroes in Oregon Be-
fore the Civil War," is another unpublished work and is excellent
for its bibliography.
The most recent work on Blacks in the state

This is also
is Franz M. Schneider's "The Black Laws of Oregon."
an unpublished master's thesis and this work traces the history of
Oregon's legislation concerning Blacks, with particular reference

to the exclusion laws, from the first such proposal in 181*3 to the
final repeal of the anti-Black provisions of the state constitution
in 1926-27.
This work also has an excellent bibliography, espec-
ially on the early laws of Oregon.
Most people are probably aware
of the earlier manuscript in the Oregon Historical Society's col-
lection! Caroline Lurch, "Pioneer Nathaniel Ford and the Negro Familyi" Allen Elmer Flower, "Family Memorabilia;" Allen Elmer
Flower, "Notable Things in a Public Life in Oregon;" Lancaster
Pollard, "Synopsis of the History of the Negro in the Northwest;"
| j
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CPL Exchange Bibliography
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335
and Thomas Alexander "Autobiographical Notes."
But few people are
aware that the Oregon Historical Society hss the official archives
of Albina Community Council (august
19i|8-l-iay
1959)
Albina Neigh-
borhood Improvement Project (1960-1967)j Committee on Inter-racial

Principles and Practices (I9h5-1959)j Coordinating Committee for
Minority Housing in Portland (1953-1960) $ National Association

for the Advancement of Colored People of Portland (1953-1959)
Oregon Committee for Equal Rights (1953-1959)
Portland Citizen
Committee on Racial Imbalance in the Public School (1962-1956)
United Committee for Civil Rights of Portland (from 1950-).
Few
people know that the Black prisoners at the Oregon State Penitent-
iary in Salem publish The Uhuru Messenger , a periodical.
No doubt
even fewer people are aware that there were Blacks on Spanish,
English, and American ships that came to Oregon and the Northwest
Coast between 1788 and 181*2.
Reference to the above materials as
well as many more xall be found in the books and articles listed
in the bibliography.
The most comprehensive and exhaustive biblio-
graphy ever compiled on Blacks in Oregon is the one I did entitled

"Blacks in the State of Oregon" that was published by the Council
on Planning Librarians in 1971.
Most people are aware of Blacks in Washington's State History.
They know of York, who was with the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Others know of George Washington Bush, who was one of the

However, little is
first Americans to settle on Puget Sound.
known of Black crew members on English, Spanish, English and Amer-
ican ships that came to the Pacific Northwest between 1768-l8ii2.
5.
Few people probably know that George Washington, a Black man, was
a pioneer and founder of the city of Centralia, Washington.
Host
people do not know that the State of Washington once had a Black
member of the first State Legislature, William Owen Bush, son of

George Washington Bush.
Still others are unaware that there have
been Black pioneers, settlers, explorers, judges, hotel owners,

publishers, editors, newspapermen, etc., in the State of Washington.
The State of Washington, like other states in the Pacific

Northwest, has no comprehensive history of contributions by
Blacks.
There are,
hoxirever,
manuscript collections on Blacks in
the manuscript section of the University of Washington Libraries. The University of Washington also has a number of tape-recorded
interviews of native Blacks of the State of Washington.
Paul F.
Thomas' unpublished master's thesis, "George Bush" that was writ-
ten for the University of Washington in 1965 give a brief overview

of the early history of Blacks in Washington.
Both Ethel Camille
Rhodes and Archie Maree Henderson discuss briefly some Blacks in
the State of Washington in their theses.
There is Joseph Sylves-
ter Jackson's unpublished master's thesis, "The Colored Marine
Employees Benevolent Association of the Pacific, 1921-193U, or

Implications of Vertical Mobility for Negro Stewards in Seattle," that was written for the University of Washington in 1939.
Robert
Bedford Pitts also wrote an unpublished master's thesis, "Organized Labor and the Negro in Seattle" for the University of Washing-
ton in 19U1.
There is Ralph Friedman's unpublished master's thesis,
6.
CPL Exchange Bibliography {33$
"The Attitudes of West Coast Maritime Unions in Seattle Toward
Negroes in the Maritime Industry," that was written for the Wash-
ington State University in 1952.
One of the most recent works on
Blacks in the State of Washington is David Arthur Sever 's unpublished master's thesis "Comparison of Negro and White Attitudes in
a
Washington Community," that was xiritten in 1967 for Washington
State University.
Even though some works on Blacks in Washington
are presently being written, to my knowledge, as of date, there is
no comprehensive history of Blacks in the State of Washington. goes without saying that such a work is needed.
It
Obviously, any work of this magnitude encompassed the assistance of many people and many, many man hours.
Therefore, it would
be impossible to name all persons that assisted in this monumental

endeavor, however, I must express special acknowledgement to the
following} Dr. Lee P. Brown, who offered many invaluable suggestions! the entire Staffs of the Oregon Historical Society Library,
the Washington State Library, Oregon State Archives, Oregon State
Library and the many state historical societies j the Secretaries

and work study students of the History Department and the Black
Studies Center at Portland State University, and Nina Kelly who
assisted in the research and Karen Waters who typed the final copy
of this manuscript.
uithout their help this work would not have
been completed.
ors.
I take full responsibility, however, for any err-
I also welcome any corrections of errors or omissions.
Lenwood G. Davis
August 1972
7.
GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS
Gxu.de
to Negro Periodical Literature . Published quarterly in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 19l|l-19U6. Superseded in 1950 by Index to Selected Periodicals issued by Ohio Central State College library.
Davis, John P. (ed.). The American Negro Reference Book . Cliff, Hew Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1966
Snglewood
Finney, James E. The Long Road to Hon: A Bibliography of Material Relating to the American Black Man . Hew York: Charles W. Clark Company, 1969.
Gloster Huch. Negro Voices In American Fiction . University of North Carolina Press, 19Ub.
Chapel Hill:
Green, Elizabeth L. The Negro in Contemporary American Literature . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 192b.
Homer, Dorothy R. The Negro in the United States: A List of Significant Books" New York: New York Public Library, 1965.
Jackson, Miles M. (ed.). A Bibliography of Negro History and Culture for Young Readers . Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968.
Katz, William Loren. Teachers' Guide to American Negro History. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 196b.
Lewinson, Paul. A Guide to Documents in the National Arc hives for Negro Studies . Washington: American Council of Learned Societies, 19U7.
Livingstone College, Salisbury, North Carolina, Carnegie Library. Collectors item bibliography on slavery, the anti-slavery movement, the Civil War and Emancipation . Compiled at Carnegie Library by Louise li. Roundtree, (c) 1966.
Miller, Elizabeth W. The Negro in the United States: A Bibliography . C ambridge": Harvard University Press, 1965.
New York Public Library.

nificant Books .
Neir
The Negro in the U.S.A.: A List of SigYork: New York Public Library, 1965.
"Bibliography: books, Porter, D.B. and D.C. Leffall (compilers). bulletins, pamphlets," Journal of Negro Education . Fall I960, Vol. 29.
Salk, Erwin A. A Layman's Guide to Negro History . McGraw-Hill, 1967.
New York:
Sprangler, Earl. Bibliography of Negro History . Ross and Haines, 196" 3.
Minneapolis:
8.
Thompson, 3dgar T. and Alma M. Thompson. Race and Region; A Descriptive Bibliography Compiled with Special References to Relations Between Unites and Negroes in the United States. Chapel Hills University of North Carolina Press, 19U9.
Turner, L.C. Anti-Slavery Sent iment in American Literature Prior to 1865 . Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1966.
Welsch, Srwin K. The Negro in the United States; A Research Guide . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1%5
Whiteman, Maxwell. A Century of Fiction by American Negroes 18531952; A Descriptive Bibliography . Philadelphia; II. Jacobs.
Work, Monroe N. A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America New York: Octagon Books, 1965.
.
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?
SELECTED BLACK PERIODICALS

Black Scholar . Sausalito, California. The Black Scholar Journal which research, document and analyze the black experience through significant articles. It also stated that it is the first journal of black studies and research in this country, 1969. Black World. (Formerly the Negro Digest ). lishing Company.
Chicago:
Johnson Pub-
Crisis; A Record of the Darker Races . Official Publication of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, New York, 1910-1972.
Ebony .
Jet .
Chicagos
Chicagos
Johnson Publishing Company, 19U5.

Johnson Publishing Company.
Freedomways: Quarterly Review of the Negro Freedom Movement . York: Freedomways Associates.
Journal of Negro Education . Press, 1932-1972.
New
Washington, D.C.:
Harvard University
Journal of Negro History . Washington, D.C.: Study of Negro Life and History, 1916.
Association for the
Kersler, S.H. "American Negro Literature, A Bibliographic Guide," Bulletin of Bibliography 21: 181-185, September 1955.
Negro Historical Bulletin . Washington, D.C.: Study of Negro Life and History, 1937.
Association for the
Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life . New York: National Urban League, Volumes 1-27, No. 1, 1923- January 19U9.
Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture lanta, Georgia: Atlanta University, 19U0.
.
At-
10.
CPL Exchange Bibliography #33$
UNITED STATES LIBRARIES
tJITH
MAJOR BLaCK HISTORY BOOK COLLECTIONS
Bennett College, Thomas F. Holgate Library, Greensboro, North Carolina, l,U8l volumes.
Bronxvills Public Library, 201 Pondfield, Bronxville, New York. Books presented in honor of Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, for books by and of Blacks.
Columbia University Libraries, Special Collections, Alexander Gumby Collections, New York 10027.
Detroit Public Library, 5201 Woodward, Detroit, Michigan, umes. Includes music, recordings, dance, drama.
8l;9
vol-
Dillard University Library, 2601 Gentilly Elvd., New Orleans, Louisianna. Card Index on Blacks in New Orleans, from newspapers covering the period 1850-1565
Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina.
Fisk University Library, Erastus Milo Cravath Memorial Library, Nashville, Tennessee, 10,000 volumes. Includes manuscripts collection. Restricted use: ron-circulating.
Fort Valley State College, Henry Alexander Hunt Memorial Library, Fort VaUejr , Georgia, 861 volumes.
Free Library of Philadelphia, Social Science and History Department, Negro Collection, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 900 volumes.
Hampton Institute, Collis P. Huntington Memorial Library, George Foster Peabody Collection, Hampton, Virginia, 9,289 volumes.
Howard University Library, Negro Collection, Washington, D.C., 70,000 volumes.
Johnson Publishing Company Library, 1820 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 25CO volumes. Pictures, photostats, microfilm.
Lincoln University, Vail Memorial Library, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, 2,900 volumes. Includes African materials.
Livingstone College, Carnegie Library. The library has a Rare Book Room and out-of-print books by and about Blacks, as well as other miscellaneous rare volumes and first editions. Salisbury, North Carolina. Restricted use: non-circulating.
11.
Hew York Public Library Branch, Schomburg Collection, 103 W. 135th St., New York 10027, 33,500 volumes. A library of books, periodicals, manuscripts, clippings, pictures, prints, records, and sheet music which attempts to record the entire experience of people of African descenthistorical and contemporary. Restricted use: materials must be used on the premises.
North Carolina Central University Library, Negro Collections, Durham, North Carolina.
Paine College, Warren A. Chandler Library, Augusta, Georgia, 396 volumes. Shelfist only, especially race problem as it concerns churches in the Old South.
Philander Smith College Library, 812 West 13th St., Little Rock, Arkansas.
Richard B. Has si son Public Library, North Carolina, 3,500 volumes. available
211* S.
Blount St., Raleigh, Mimeographed bibliographies
Rust College Library, Magee Memorial Library, Holly Springs, Mississippi, 3,659 volumes. Includes books by Blacks.
Rutherford B. Hayes Library, 1337 Hayes Ave., Fremont, Ohio, 65,000 volumes.
Savannah State College Library, Savannah, Georgia, 1,000 volumes. Includes pamphlet and clipping file.
Shaw University Library, Raleigh, North Carolina.
St. Augustine Seminary Library, Divine Word Seminary, Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, 500 volumes. Maintained for missionary work among Blacks.
Starks Library, Beixdict College, Taylor and Harden St., Columbia, South Carolina 2J?201. 28,100 volumes. Includes manuscripts, maps, pictures, slides.
Texas Southern University Library, Heartman Collection, 3201 Wheeler, Houston, Texas, 11,U28 volumes. Includes maps and photographs
Tougaloo College, Wastman Library, Tougaloo, Mississippi.

Tuskegee Institute, Hollis Burke Frissell Library, Washington Collection, Tuskegee, Alabama, 11,000 volumes.
12.
University of California (Santa Barbara), VJyles Collection, Goleta, California, 13,153 volumes. Emphasis primarily on the Black as a slave, and implications of slavery and the Civil War.
University of North Carolina, Louis Round Wilson Library, Chapel Hill, Worth Carolina.
Virginia State College Library, Norfolk Division, Ave., Norfolk, Virginia.
21*01 Corprevr
Virginia Union University, William J. Clark Library, 1500 Lombardy St., Richmond, Virginia, 1,600 volumes.
I.ilberf orce University, Carnegie Library, Daniel i'ilexander Paine Collection, Vilberforce, Ohio, U,5C0 volumes. Includes manu-
scripts and pictures.
Yale University Library, James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection of Negro Arts and Letters, New Haven, Connecticut. Manuscripts and pictures.
Zavier University Library, Palmetto and Pine St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Restricted use, closed August. Manuscripts, maps, pic ores, photostats, microfilm.
13.
MANUSCRIPTS, LETTERS AND CLIPPINGS
PRIMARY SOURCES;
Asberry, Nettie J. (1865-1968). Civic leader. Correspondence, reports, minutes, and related items re Tacoma National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and Colored Women' s Federation of Washington, 1889-1966. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Barnett, Powell S. Civic leader. Reminiscence, ephemera, clippings, recorded interview, about 1960-67. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Burch, Caroline.
"Pioneer Nathaniel Ford and the Negro Family," Unpublished manuscript. Oregon State Library Collection. "Pioneer Nathaniel Ford and the Negro Family." Unpublished manuscript, KSS #706. Oregon Historical Society Manuscript Collection.
Burch, Pauline.
Burton, Philip L. Attorney, civic leader. Correspondence and related items concerning work with NAACP, State Board Against Discrimination and other organizations, 1950-1962. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Central Seattle Community Council. Records, 19U6-date, including those of the Jackson Street Community Council. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Civic Unity Committee, Seattle (l9iiU-19ol;) . Files of the Committee. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Dixon, William H. Correspondence, reminiscences, and ephemera re BLACKS in Washington, 1898-1955. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Dowell, Benjamin F. Benjamin F. Doxxell Collection, MSS#209. Oregon Historical Society Manuscript Collection.
Flowers, Allen Elmer. "Family Memorabilia" MSS#209. Historical Society Manuscript Collection.
Oregon
. "Notable Things in a Public Life in Oregon." Unpublished manuscript. Bancroft Library, University of Califor-
nia.
Gayton (John T.) Family. Clippings, ephemera, and memorabilia re BLACKS in Washington, ca. 19CO-1960. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
1U.
Gerber, Sidney (d. 1965). Businessman, civic leader, state official. Correspondence and related items regarding State Board Against Discrimination, State FEPC, Fair Housing Listing Service, and other organizations. University of Washington Manuscript Collection. Gross, William (d. I898). Pioneer. Family papers, including memories of Seattle Fire, letters, newspapers, and other items. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Seattle. Correspondence, minutes, reports, ephemera and related items, 1950-65. University of Washington Manuscripts Collection.
Pollard, Lancaster. "Synopsis of the History of the Negro in the Northwest." Unpublished notes, MSS#5l5 Oregon Historical Society Manuscript Collection.
Thomas, Paul. Correspondence, interviews, and other material collected while doing research for his M.A. thesis on George Bush, University of Washington, 1965. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Urban League of Seattle. Records, 1955-63. ton Manuscript Collection.
University of Washing-
Woodson, Fred Patterson. Clippings, photographs, ephemera, and tape-recorded interview re BLACKS in Seattle, ca. 1900-1960. University of Washington Manuscript Collection.
Wood, Thomas Alexander. "Autobiographical Notes." Unpublished manuscript, MSS//37. Oregon Historical Society Manuscript Collection.
See references concerning Blacks from the Vertical File and Scrapbook Collection of the Oregon Historical Society. See also letters and other documents concerning Blacks in Oregon and Washington that author has in his possession from several Oregon historical societies in 1971.
15.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, ARCHIVES AND REPORTS
A Demographic Analysis of the State of Oregon . Prepared for the Governor's Coordinating Committee on the Economic Opportunity Act. Salens State of Oregon. April 1 6.
A Study of Awareness of the Oregon Fair Housing Law and a Sampling of Attitudes Toward Integrated neighborhood Living . League of Women Voters of Portland. Hay 1561.
Agreement for the Establishment of a Metropolitan Human Relations Commission . City of Portland. December 30, 1969.
Albina Community Council -Portland, Oregon Official Minutes of A.C. Oregon Historical Society C. from August 191*8May 1959. Collection.
Albina Describe . Research Memorandum. Urban Study Center.
Portland State University
Albina Neighborhood Improvement Project. Portland, Oregon. Official records of A.M. I. P. from 1960-1967. Oregon Historical Society Collection.
American Association of University Professors. University of Oregon Chapter. Research Council. The Negro and Higher Education in Oregon . Eugene: 1961*.
American Civil Liberties Union. Portland.
Oregon Chapter.
ACLU Newsletter .
An Evaluation of the Plannings Process in the Portland Oregon Model Cities Program March 1 through October 3, 1968 . The Urban Studies Center: Portland State University, .april 2,
1969.
An Examination of the Attitudes, Policies and Procedures Which Affect the Application of the Oregon 1559 Fair Housing Law . League of Women Voters of Portland. May 1962.
An Annual and Descriptive Report of Operation Plus , Portland State University 1969-70. Annual Reports of Albina Child Development Center for the Head Start Full Day Cere Program . Portland Metropolitan Steering Committee 1967-71.
Barth, Ernest A.T. Case Studies of the Process of Integration in Neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington . Seattle: Greater Seattle Housing Council, 19o0.
16.
Blanchard, Robert. "Portland Schools for the 70's" Public Information Department, Portland Public Schools, 1970.
Catholic Charities, Inc. Annual Report . of Portland, in Oregon 1957.

Central Albina Study . Portland: ion, ilovember 1962.
Portland:
Archdiocese
Portland City Planning Commiss-
City Club of Portland. "Civil Rights." Portland City Club Bulle tin , Vol. 31, No. 20, September 22, 1950, 69-73.
. "Report on the Negro in Portland: A Progress Report 19U5-57." Portland City Club Bulletin , Vol. 37, No. U6, April 19, 19U7, 355-370.
"Report on Politics and Operations of the Housing . Authority of Portland." Portland City Club Bulletin , April 1, 1966, 111-11*6. "Report on Problems of Racial Justice." City Club Bulletin , June 11;, 1968.
Portland
'Report on Law Enforcement in the City of Portland." Portland City Club Bulletin , August 30, 1968.
Committee on Inter-racial Principles and Practices Portland, Oregon. Official History and Sumrary of its Activities from Oregon Historical Society Collection. 191*5-1952.
Committee on Inter-racial Principles and Practices Portland, Oregon. Official minutes of C.I. P. P. from 19U8-1959. Oregon Historical Society Collection.
Comprehensive City Demonstration Program . Parts one, two, and three. Prepared by the Model Cities Citizens Planning Board with the cooperation of Residents of the Model Cities Area, and Public and Private Agencies of the City of Portland and State of Oregon. City of Portland. December 15, 1968.
Congressional Globe .
1055, p. 60U.
Part I, 2nd Session.
33rd Congress l85h-
"Crime in Albina Area and Crime by Race." Research Memorandum, Subcommittee on Community and Home Environment. October 23, 1963.
Economic, Sociological, and Demographic Characteristics of Oregon School Districts and Their Relationship to District Financial Practices . Bureau of Educational Research: University of Oregon, 1966.
17.

Portland:
Enumeration District Statistics 1?60 U.S. Census. lietropolitan Planning Commission. 196U.
Episcopal Church, Diocese of Oregon. Portland.
The Oregon Churchman .
Estimates and Projections of Lax-? and Noderate Income Housing Heeds; Portland /.re . A Study Prepared for Urban America, Inc., UrbPortland State University. January 1970. an Studies Center.
First Annual Report to the Governor . ment Council July 1970, \-^W.
Salem, Oregon:
Law Enforce-
General Social and Economic Data, Background Information, Greater Albina 'Community and City of Portland . Portlands Community Council, Inc., August 20, 196U.
Grant, Richard D. The Economic Condition of Minority Enterprise in the Portland., Oregon Model Cities Area . Prepared by Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. Portland State University Urban Studies Center.
Griffiths, Keith S. An Audit of Intergroup Relations in the City of Seattle . Seattle: Health and Welfare Council, 1950.
Hill, S. Shelton. The Occupational Status of the Negro Worker in the Portland Area. Portland Urban League. December 7, 1950.
Issues in the Community: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Community Problems in Oregon . Eugene: Bureau of Municipal Research and Service, University of Oregon 1967.
It's Not All Black and White League of Women Voters. October 1968.
Portland,
Jackson, Joseph Sylvester. What to Tell Them; a Booklet Designed to be of Special Service to Counselors, Guidance Workers and Agencies with Reference to Negro Girls and Boys in Seattle; and for the Use of Students Themselves . Seattle: Seattle Urban League, 1538. Johnson, Reginald A.
i
The West Coast and the Negro ,
(n.p., 19hh)
lander, Linden A.
The Seattle Civic Unity Committee .
19^.
Markewitz, Ann. Social Data Study: Crime, Delinquency, Divorce, Neglect, Illegitimacy, Mental Commitments, Mental Deficiency in Multnomah County, Oregon . San Francisco Coro Foundation,
i_6_
18.
Metropolitan Youth Commission of Portland and Multnomah County. Biennial Report 1961-1962; For the Development of Our Most Precious Resource ! Portland; 1963.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Portland, Oregon. Official documents of H.A.A.C.P. from 19531959. Oregon Historical Society Collection. National Association of Colored Women. The 2oth National Conven tion; 10th Biennial Session of the National Association of Colored Girls . Seattle; Garfield High School, July 31August 7, 191*8.
Souvenir program of the convention with portraits of participating club women and present and past officers of the Washington federation.
Neighborhood Information the Albina Area; ning Commission, August 1965.
Portland .
City Plan-
Oregon; 1961 Report to the Commission on Civil Rights from the State Advisory Committee . Oregon.
Lairs of a General and Local Nature passed by the Legislative Committee and Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Oregon, 18U3 to 18U9 Lafayette Grover, Code Commissioner. Salem, Oregon: Asahel Bush, Territorial Printer, 1853.
.
The Oregon Archives; Including the Journals, Govern. ors' Messages, and Public Papers of Oregon, to 18U~ Lafayette Grover, Code Commissioner. Salem, Oregon: Asahel Bush, Territorial Printer, 1853The Organic and Other General Laws of Oregon Together . with the National Constitution and Other Public Acts and Sta tutes of the United States, 1815-1861* . Matthew P. Deady, compilators and annotator. Portland: Henry L. Pittock, State Printer, 1866.
-
Legislative Assembly. Journals of the Proceedings of the House and Council of the Legislative assembly of the Territory of Oregon . Salem, Oregon: Territorial Printer, 185C-1857.
.
Legislative Assembly. Journals of the House and Senate of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon (Sessions of 1862, 1861*, 1866, 1868, 1870, 1872, 1893, 1895, 1899, 1901, 1915, 1925). Salem, Oregon: State Printer.
Secretary of State. Abstracts of Votes; Constitutional Amendments and Measures (General Elections, 19C0, 1916, 1926; Special" Election, 1927). Oregon Library, Salem, Oregon.
19.
Oregon.
Secretary of State. Biannial Reports (1897 and 1901). Oregon State Library, Salem, Oregon.
Secretary of State. Constitutional Amendments and .. Measures to be Submitted to the Voters of Oregon (General Elections, 1916 and 1926j Special Election, 1927) . Oregon State Library, Salem, Oregon.
__ Secretary of State. Oregon Blue Book (1959-60 and 1969-70). Salem, Oregon: State Printer.
State Archives. (Documents for the period before statehood are indexed in the Provisional and Territorial Government Papers, duplicate copies of which are kept in the State Library and the Oregon Historical Society Library. Abstracts of votes by precincts are also in the State Archives .
^H~ria 7 Y
S preme Court
Wood v. Fitzgerald .
3 Oregon Reports
Board of Health. Vital Statistics Section. Oregon Public Health Statistics Reports for Calendar Year 1965. " Portland, 1965^
Bureau of Labor. Civil Rights Division. A Decade of Progress under Oregon's Civil Rights Legislation 19ltf-19$9" Portlands (i960).
Bureau of Labor. The Effectiveness of Legislation . ~~* on Inter-group Relations . Portlands 196*01
Bureau of Labor. Employment Agencies and the Fair . Employment Practices Act . Portland; n.d. Bureau of Labor. ]\2 Questions and Answers about F air . " employment Practices . Portland: nTcT Bureau of Labor.
n.d
A Memo to Management.
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Bureau of Labor. Operation: For Unde rstanding . Equal Opportunity in Housing . Portland: rev. 1967.
Bureau of Labor. Five Years of Progress under Ore. " gon's Fair Employment Practices A ct. 1951j.
of Labor. Panel of Progress 3: The Cost ly .. Waste of Human Resources Uis crimination in Employment as a ~~ ~~ Mang ower Problem. 1S63.
.
^a^
20.
Oregon. Bureau of Labor. Civil Rights Division. The Community Inter-group Relations Council . Portland: n.d.
Bureau of Labor. Civil Rights Division. of Manpower in Oregon . Portland: 1959.

.
The Waste
Department of Education. Division of Instructs General Consultant Services Section. A Summary of Selected Information Pertaining to 261 P.L. 89-10 Title I Projects in Oregon for Fiscal Year 196 T. 1967. Department of Employment. Thirtieth Annual Report . for the Twelve Months Ending June 30, 1968 . Salem: State of Oregon, p. 12.
Department of Employment. Thirty-First Annual Report for the Twelve Months Ending June 30, 1969 . Salem: State of Oregon, p. 6.
Legislature. Interim Committee on Indian Affairs a Reintroduction to the Indians of Oregon . 1958
State Advisory Committee on Civil Rights. Oregon: . Report to the Commission on Civil Rights, 1961 . Washington, D.C.: 1961. State Annual Evaluation Report for Fiscal Year 1966 , Public Law 89-10, Title I, 1966T
Governor's Committee on Children and Youth. ResumeSeranar: Economic Opportuniti es Act , Portland, October 6, n.d. 1961*:
Office of the Governor. Recapitulation of Economic Opportunity Programs in the State of Oregon (September 1961+September 1966). 1966.
.
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Oregon's Poor:
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21.
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Public Welfare Commission. This Year in Public Welfare Portland; Brochure. July 1, 196g-June 30, 1966
.
Public Welfare Commission. Welfare in Oregon: Expen . ditures by Program by Years of Federal-State and County Funds n.d., v.p. for the Years 1932 -June 30, 1957 . Portland:
State System of Higher Education. Division of Con. tinuing Education. Proposals for 1967 Oregon Legislature Affecting Low-Income Citizens; A One- D ay Planning Conference . ~~~ 1966.
Oregon Committee for Equal nights. Official records of O.C.S.R. from 1953-1959. Oregon Historical Society Collections. Oregon Conference on Human Relations Education. Portland; Portland State College, 1961.
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Oregon Council of Churches. Department of Research and Survey. Church Membership and Population in Oregon 1926-1952 . Portland!
195T.
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.
Chapter B.
General Population Characteristics.
USGFO.
Oregon State University. Cooperative Extension Service. Communities in Action; Mews About Economic Opportunity Programs in Oregon. Prepared for Coordinator, Economic Opportunity Programs, Office of the Governor. 1967.
Population and Housing: A Summary and Extension of Selected I960 census of Population and Housing Data by Census Tract for the Portland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area . Portland: Metropolitan Planning Commission, June 1963.
Portland, Bureau of Police. Police Institute on Human Relations and Minority Group Problems. By. . . and the Oregon Region (Portland): of the National Conforenco-of Christians and Jews. 1958.
Police Institute on Police Community Relations . By the Oregon Region of the National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the Portland Commission on Inter-Group Relations. (Portland): 1961.
.
. .
.,
Portland Citizen Committee on Racial Inbalance in the Public SchoolsPortland, Oregon. Official records of P.C.C.R.I.P.S. from 1962 1965. Oregon Historical Society Collection.
22.

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Portland. Commission on Intergroup Relations. People of Portland , Oregon 19!? 3.
Portland's Human Relations Commission New Article 10 added by Ordinance No. 91286 j amended by 122391 passed and effective April 28, 1966. Portland's Human Relations Commission (An Ordinance amending Article 10 of Ordinance No. 77780, Administration Code, providing for the position of Director of Portland's Human Relations Commission and declaring an emergency.) City of Portland. August 8, 1966.
Portland State University Request for Authorization to Offer a Program Leading to a Certificate in Black Studies. Prepared for the Oregon State Board of Higher Education Committee on Academic Affairs . April 7, 1970. Portland State University. Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. Journal of the 77 th Annual Meeting of the Convention , Diocese of Oregon, 195F. Portland; 1965".
Race and Equal Educational Opportunity in Portland's Public Schools: A Report to the Board of Education, Multnomah School District No. 1 by its Committee on Race and Education , October 29, 1961t. Board of Education. Portland, Oregon.
Schmid, Calvin F. and Wayne W. McVey Jr. Growth and Distribution of Minority Races in Seattle, Washington . Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, 196U. Schmid, Calvin F. and Vincent A. Miller. Impact of Recent Negro Migration on Seattle Schools . Seattle: Office of Population Research, University of Washington, 1959.
Schmid, Calvin F., Charles E. Nobbe and Arlene E. Mitchell. Non white Races: State of Washington . Olympia: Washington State Planning and Community Affairs Agency, 1968.
Seattle. Civic Unity Committee. History of Seattle Civic Unity Committee, February 19hh to January 1952 . Red Feather Service of Community Chest and Council of Seattle and King County, 1952, mimeo.
Seattle-King County Economic Opportunity Board. Central Area Mot ivation Program: A Preliminary Evaluation Report , Seattle, March 1968. Seattle-King County Health and Welfare Council. Committee on Intergroup Relations. A Report on Recreational Facilities and Services for Negro Servicemen in the Seattle Area . June l93c~
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Seattle Public Schools. Research Office. Racial Distribution; Distribution and Change Among Pupils and Employees of the Seattle Public Schools, Seattle, Washington, 1957 to 1955 . Seattle-, December 6, 1966.
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Seattle's Racial Gap , Seattle 1968.
Seattle Urban League. Who's Available? A Listing of Black College Students in the State of Washington . Seattle, 1969.
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"The ilegro and Housing, A Panel discussion x-dth the Liberal Religious Youth Organization of the First Unitarian Church of Portland," Oregon, October 20, 1963.
The Uhuru Messenger .
Oregon State Penitentiary.
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United Church of Christ.
Oregon United Church Hews .
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United. Committee for Civil Rights-Portland, Oregon. Official records of U.C.C.R. from 1950. Oregon Historical Society Collection.
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Nonwhite Neighbors and Property Prices in Portland , toward Negroes as Neighbors
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Washington. State Board Against Discrimination. letter , Fall 1967.
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Washington (State) University. A Survey of Racial Attitudes in the Broadview District . Seattle, November 19U8.
Washington (State) University. Institute of Labor Economics. Opportunities for Racial Minorities in the Seattle Area. Seattle; University of Washington Press, 19U8.
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White, O.C., State Printer. House Journal of the 1st Legislative Session of the State of Washington November 6, 1889 - March 28, 1890, Olyrnpia, Washington, pp. 83, 219, 220, 235, 6U, 7U5, 886.
,
Whitman, Winslow and Iaabelle G. Rosenfels. Study and Evaluation of Racial Tension at Pasco High Scho ol. Olyrnpia: Washington State Board Against Discrimination, 1969
27.
UNPUBLISHED WORKS
"An Exploratory Study of Nineteen Negro FamAmdur, Reuel Seeman. ilies in the Seattle Area Who Were First Negro Residents in White Neighborhoods, of Their White Neighbors, and of the Integration Process, Together With a Proposed Program to Promote Integration in Seattle." Unpublished M.S.W. Thesis, University of Washington, 1963.
"Black People in the Territory of WashingBleeg, Joanne Wagner. ton, 1860-1880." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1970.
Boyd, George Felix.
"The Levels Aspiration of White and Negro Children in Non-segregation Elementary School." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 1950.
Brimmer, Andrew Felton. "Some Economic Aspects of Fair Employment.' M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1951.
Brownell, Jean B. "Negroes in Oregon Before the Civil War." Unpublished Manuscript, Oregon Historical Society Vertical File.
Burgess, Margaret Blaine. "A Study of Selected Socio-Cultural and Opinion Differentials among Negroes and Whites in the Pasco, Washington Community." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Washington State University, 19U9.
Card, Owen Joseph. "A History of the Neighborhood House of Portland, Oregon and the Participation of the Failing Elementary School Students in its Activities." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Portland, 1955.
Culbertson, Paul T. "History of the Initiative and Referendum in Oregon." Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oregon, 19U1.
Daughters of the ijneiican Revolution. "Family Records of Washington Pioneers, Prior to 1891." Vol. VIII, 1938. Typescript.
Donaldson, Charlotte and George Ferguson. "Progress Report on an Exploratory Survey of the Differentiation of Function and Role of Human Relations Agencies and Their Interaction. Unpublished Research Project, University of Washington, 1961.
Fei, John Ching Han.
"Rent Differentiation Related to Segregated Housing Markets for Racial Groups - with Special Reference to Seattle, Washington." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 191*9.
Foster, Charles J. The Pacific Coast in the Civil War. ed M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 192U.
Unpublish-
28.
Frazier, M'elinda Lou Baird. Job Training Program for the Disadvantaged in Oregon: A Study of Agency Information Functions. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 1968.
Friedman, Carol. "Histoid ographical Essay on the Negro in Oregon During the Twentieth Century." Unpublished Manuscript, Oregon Historical Society, 1969. Friedman, Ralph. "The Attitudes of West Coast Maritime Unions in Seattle Toward Negroes in the Maritime Industry." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Washington State University, 1952.
Griffiths, Keith S. "The Measurement of Intergroup Tensions in the State of Washington and the City of Seattle: Analysis of Two Surveys Conducted under the Auspices of the Washington Public Opinion Laboratory." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1952.
Heilman, Martha E. "Why Does the Portland Negro Live in Albina." Unpublished Seminar Paper, History Department, Portland State University, 1970.
Henderson, Archie Maree. "Introduction of the Negroes into the Pacific Northwest, 1788-18U2." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 19U9.
Herndon, Ronald D. Racism in the Portland Public Schools. lished B.A. Thesis, Reed College, 1970.
Herzog, June.
Unpub-
"A Study of the Negro Defense Worker in the PortlandVancouver Area." Unpublished B.A. Thesis, Reed College, 19Ui.
Hill, D.G. "The Negro in Oregon, A Survey." Thesis, University of Oregon, 1932.
Unpublished M.A.
Jackson, Joseph Sylvester. "The Colored Marine Employees Benevolent Association of the Pacific, 1921-193kj or Implications of Vertical Mobility for Negro Stewards in Seattle." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1939.
Jahn, Julius Armin. "Principles and Methods of Area Sampling Applied to a Survey of Employment, Housing and Place of Residence of White and Non-White Ethnic Groups in Seattle, Washington, July to October 19U7. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 19U9. Jawa, Manmohan Singh.
.
Academic Development, Group Dynamics and Motivation Variable of Disadvantaged Student. Unpublished Thesis, University of Oregon, 1968.
.
29.
"An Analysis of Negro News and Non-News Johnson, Clifford F. Hatters Appearing in Four Oregon daily newspapers during the years, 1931, 1936, 191*1, 19U5 and 191*8." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 19U9.
Jones, James Beauregard. Character Education for the Prevention of Negro Criminality, Based Upon a Study of the Character Deficiencies of Negro Inmates at the Federal Penitentiary. HeNeil Island, Washington. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 191*7.
Kaplan, Richard B. "The Housing Authority of Portland its Critics: A Study of Controversy over Defacto Segregation." Unpublished B.A. Thesis, Reed College, 1961*.
Kaplan, Sidney Joseph. An Analysis of Community Integration in a Metropolitan Community. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, State College of Washington, 1953.
Kipping, Paul Frank. Constitutional Arguments Regarding Slavery in the Territories and the Organization of the Oregon Territorial Government. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1969.
La Plante, Bernard Raymond. The Negro at Jefferson High School: A Historical Study of Racial Change. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 1970.
Lensch, Dorothea Marie. "The Evolution of Recreation Programs in War Housing Projects in Portland, Oregon between the years 191*0 and I960." Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oregon, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1966.
MalaRoff, Marion. "Tendencies toward Bureaucratization in the Portland Urban League." Unpublished B.A. Thesis, Reed College, 1952.
Miller, Leland David. The Effect of the Adjustment's Activities on an Urban idential Area: A Case Study of the Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University
Seattle Zoning Board of Racially Segregation ResSeattle Nonwhite Ghetto. of Washington, 1961,.
Morris, William H. "Political Parties in Oregon." M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 1939.
Unpublished
Pilton, James William. Negro Settlement in British Columbia, 1058-1871. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1951.
Pitts, Robert Bedford. "Organized Labor and the Negro in Seattle." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 191*1.
30.
Poulton, Helen Jean. "The Attitude of Oregon toward Slavery and Secession, 18^3-1865." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 191*6.
Rhodes, Ethel C. "Negroes in Pacific Coast History Prior to 1865." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 19U0.
Rothwell, Charles Easton. "The Ku Klux Klan in the State of Oregon." Unpublished B.A. Thesis, Reed College, 1921;.
Roy, Donal Francis. "Hoovervillej a Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1935.
Schneider, Frank M. "The Black Laws of Oregon." Thesis, University of Santa Clara, 1970.
Unpublished M.A.
Sever, David jirthur. "Comparison of Negro and White Attitudes in a Washington Community." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Washington State University, 1967. Siles, Ashley H. The Attitude of the Northwest in the American Civil War. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of California at Berkeley, 1927. Smith, Stanley Hugh. The Social Aspects of the Washington State Law Against Discrimination in Employment. Ph.D. Thesis, State College of Washington, 1953.
Standard, Ellen Nae. The Racial Composition of College Students in Oregon. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Willamette University, 1931.
Steed, Robert Allen.
The Development of Fair Employment Practices in Portland Area Business Organization M.A. Thesis, University
of Oregon, 1969.
Thomas, Paul F. "George Bush." sity of Washington, 1965-
Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Univer-
Thoop, Vincent M. "The Suburban Zone of Metropolitan Portland, Oregon." Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Geography, University of Chicago, 19^8.
Thorndale, C. William. "Washington's Green River Coal Company: 1880-1930." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1965.
Van Winkle, Roger A. A Crisis in Obscurity) A Study of Pro-Southern Activities in Oregon 185^-1865. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Western Washington College of Education.
Wiley, James T. Jr. "Race Conflict as Exemplified in a Washington Town." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Washington State University,
19149.
31.
BLACK NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN OREGON Portland Advance Times

.
Clarion Defender , 1953 -
New Age . Located in Oregon Historical Society Lib. raryj 1903 January (Vol. VII, No. UO)1903, November 21 (Vol, VIII, No. 3k) } 1903, December 5 (Vol. VIII, No. 36)--190k, March 26 (Vol. VIII, No. 52).
.
Observer , 1970 -
People 's Observer . 19k3, August 16 (Vol. 1, No. k)', 19U3, October 20 (Vol. 1, No. 8)) 191*3, December 21 (Vol. 1, No. 11) j 19kh, August 20 (Vol. 2, No. U) 19itU, September 20 (Vol. 2, No. 6)3 19U5, January 18 (Vol. h, No.)partial copyj 19^5, July 31 (Vol. U, No. 2)| 19U5, August 31 (Vol. h, No. U) 3 19U5, September 30 (Vol. U, No. 9)| 19U5, October 20 (Vol. h, No. 7) 19^5, December 10 (Vol. h, No. 9)5 19U6, January (Vol. 5, No. l)j 19U6, April, May (Vol. 5, No. h)', 19U6, June-July (Vol. 5, No. 6)j 19U8, April 20 (Vol. 7, No. h)> 19U8, July (Vol. 7, No. 7)| 19U8, August (Vol. 7, No. 8).
',
The Newspaper , 1967-1970.
BLACK NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON
Afro-American Journal (w) Seattle.

Builder (w) Seattle.
195U.
1967.
Cayton's Weekly . Seattle. 1916-1921. Became Cayton's Monthly in February, 1921.
Citizen (w) Spokane.

Facts (w) Seattle.
1908-1913.
1962.
Forum (w) Spokane.
1908-1912.
1920-1962.
Northwest Enterprise (w) Seattle.

Northwest Herald (w) Seattle.
Pacific Leader (w) Seattle.
19U3-19U6.
1952.
Puget Sound Observer (m,w) Seattle.
1957-1966.
32.
Searchlight (w) Seattle. 190U-1927Tscoma edition also published.

Seattle Republican (w)
.
189U-191!?.
Standard (w) Seattle.

Trumpet (m) Seattle.
1891-1902.
1966.
Western Sun
(w)
Seattle.
1898-1900.
World (w) Seattle.
1898-1903.
33.
EDITORIALS IN NEWSPAPERS
(Ed.)
"Argues Breckenridge Theory on Non-Intervention Oregon Statesman , September k, i860, p. 2, c. 3.
Fallacy."
(Ed.)
"Asking Discrimination."
p. 2k, c. 2.
The Oregonian , September 2k, 1962,
(Ed.)
"Attributes U.S. Neglect of Oregon and California Slavery Issue." Oregon Spectator , November l, l&k9 , V* 2, c. 2.
"Champions Abolition of Slavery." ber 18, 1865, p. 2, c. 7.
(Ed.)
Oregon Statesman , Decem-
(Ed.)
"Comments on News Item Regarding Slavers'-." man , February 2k, 1857, p. 2, c. 3.
Oregon States -
(Ed.)
"Comments on a Negro Philanthropist Who Freed a Slave Who Desires to Return to Her Old Master. " Oregon Statesman , September 9, 1856, p. 2, c. 5. "Comments on Question of Slavery in Oregon Settled and is Pleased -with Decisive Opposition Vote." Oregon Statesman , November 17, 1857, p. 2, c. 1. "Comments on 'Tito New Free States' Said Oregon Will Stand Oregon Statesman , April lU, 1857, p. 2, c. 2.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
by Union."
(Ed.)
"Criticizes Whig Party for Being Against Laws Which Protect the Southern Slave Owners." Oregon Statesman , December 18, 1852, p. 2, c. 2.
"Defends Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty over Slavery." Oregon Statesman , December 8, 1857, p. 2, c. 1. "Defines Position of All Parties Relative to Question." Oregon Statesman September k, i860, p. 2, c. U.
,
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Deplores Personal Liberty Bills of Some Northern States African Slave Trade in South." Oregon Statesman , February
1861, p. 2, c. 2.
k,
(Ed.)
"Describes Mr. O'Menara's Views on Slavery." man May 25, 1858, p. 2, c. 1.

,
Oregon States -
(Ed.)
"Discusses Article of the Constitution Authorizing 'Slave Representation.'" Oregon Statesman , February 10, 1857, p. 2,
c. 7.
(Ed.)
"Discusses Slavery Briefly in Connection with State Sovereignty." Oregon Statesman , March 11, 1856, p. 2, c. 5. "Discusses Slavery Question and Reprints Article on Ohio Slavery." Oregon Statesman , July 7, 1855, p. 1, c. 6.
(Ed.)
3U.
(Ed.)
Oregon Statesman
(Ed.)
"Disputes J.H. Slater's Interpretation of Ordinance of 1787." .April 2k, i860, p. 2, c. 5. ,
"Disputes -with Review."

p. 2, c. 5.
Oregon Statesman , August Ik, 1865,
(Ed.)
"Does Not Think Extra Session Necessary Now to Ratify AntiSlavery Amendment." Oregon Statesman , May 1, 1865, p. 2, c.
(Ed.)
"Doubts Wisdom of Emancipation Proclamation." man, November 2k, 1862, p. 3, c. 2.
Oregon States -
(Ed.)
"Effect of the Emancipation, Proclamation on the Coast." Oregon! an , January 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 1.
"Favors Slavery Garvin's Amendment." April 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 5.
(Ed.)
Oregon Statesman ,
(id.)
"Formation of Auxiliary to State Organization of Freedom's Relief Association." Oregon! an , August 6, 186U, p. 2, c. 3.
"Gives Reasons for His Opposition to Emancipation Proclamation." Oregon Statesman , March , 1863, p. 2, c. 3.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Invisible Wall of Prejudice." 1963; p. 6, c. 1.

"Let Them Work."
The Journal , August 2, ~~
(Ed.)
(Ed.
)
Oregon! an , December
21;,
19ltf-,
p. 6.
"Mr. McCants Stewart Inquires into Legislatures Failure to
Prohibiting Franchise to Negroes, Denying the Right of Negro's to Settle or Own Property in Oregon." The Oregonian , September 20, 1916, p. 10.
(Ed.)
in Re-establishing it."
"Maintains Democratic Party Victory Would Bring First Step Oregon Statesman , May 28, 1866, p. 2,
3.
(Ed.)
"Maintains Slavery is Governed by State Not Federal Lav;." Oregon Statesman , April 10, i860, p. 2, c. 1.
(Ed.)
"Nebraska Bill Will Effect Gradual Extinction of Slavery." Oregon Statesman , April 22, l85i;, p. 2, c. 1.
"Opposes Extra Session of Legislature to Approve AntiSlavery Amendment Because of its Expense and Because its Passage Will Relieve Democratic Party of a Dilemma." Oregon Statesman , April 17, 1865, p. 3, c. 1.
"Opposes Extra Session to Ratify Anti-Slavery Amendment Because of Expense." Oregon Statesman , March 20, 1865, p. 3,
c. 2.
(Ed.
(Ed.)
35.
(Ed.)
"Our Negro Population."
The Oregonian , June 16, 19U7, p. 8.
(Ed.)
"Portland a Target."
c. 1.
The Oregonian , July 8, 196$, p. 32,
(Ed.)
"Portland Negroes Reject Hatred."

2, 1961, p. 8, c. 1.
The Journal , September
(Ed.)
"Racial Study Moves."

1U,
The Oregonian , January Ik, 196U, p.
2.
(Ed.)
"Replies to Arena Comment on Anti-Slavery Law for Kentucky." Oregon Statesman , July 31, 1865, p. 2, c. 2.
(Ed.)
at Home, Says They Mere at Home at Harper's Ferry." Statesman December 6, 1859, p. 2, c. h*
;,
"Replying to NY Tribune Which Said Slaveholders Should Stay Oregon
(Ed.)
"Republican Platform and Negro Suffrage." 26, i860, p. 2, c. 1.
Oregonian , May
(Ed.)
Slavery."
(Ed.)
"Ridicules Position of D. Smith and J. Lane on Question of Oregon Statesman , March 27, i860, p. 2, c. 2.
"Ruling of Oregon Supreme Court That Theaters May Exclude Negroes." Oregonian , March 6, 1906, p. 8, c. U.
"Says Anti-Slavery Enactments in Northern States No Excuse for Secession of States in Deep South." Oregon Statesman , December 17, i860, p. 2, c. 3.
"Says Discussion of Slavery in Territories an Abstraction Because Citizens in Territories ill Decide the Issue." Oregon Statesman February 7, i860, p. 1, c. 3.
,
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Says if Republican Get Majority Congress Will Prohibit Introduction of Slavery in Any Territory." Oregon Statesman , January 3, i860, p. 2, c. 2. "Says Issue Used by Disunionist to Break Up Union." Statesman , October 2, i860, p. 2, c. 2.
(Ed.)
Oregon
(Ed.)
"Says Many in Oregon Have Been Persuaded, Slavery Can be Set up Here in a Pacific Republic." Oregon Statesman , November 19, I860, p. 2., c. 1.
"Says Oregon Copperheads Still Hopeful Slavery Will Not be Destroyed." Oregon Statesman , February 20, 1865, p. 2, c. iu
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Says Oregon Delegation in Congress Has Neglected Oregon's Interests in Agitation over Slavery." Oregon Statesman , January 21, 1861, p. 2, c. 7.
36.
(Ed.)
"Says Question of Slavery Cannot be Settled in Senate." Oregon Spectator , October 10, 1850, p. 2, c. 1.
"Says Rebellion Will Kill Slavery as Political Issue in September." Oregon Statesman , June 9, 1862, p. 2, c. y.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Says Republican Party Plank Denying Legality of Slavery in Territories Differs from Stand of Many Oregon Republicans." Oregon Statesman , June 26, i860, p. 2, c. 3.
(Ed.)
"Says Slavery is Used as Pretext by Bolters in Democratic Party." Oregon Statesman , November 19, i860, p. 2, c. 3. "Says Some Southern States Attempting to Evade Freedom of Negroes." Oregon Statesman , December U, 1865, p. 2, c. 1.
"Says 'The Question of Union and Disunion Aside, Can Slavery be Engrafted on the Domestic Institutions of Oregon or California by Either Peace of Force?'" Oregon Statesman , November h, 1861, p. 2, c. 3.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"Slavery Not Workable in Oregon."

h, 1857, p. 2,
c. k.
Oregon Statesman , August
(Ed.)
"Slavery Question Will be Decided on Economic Grounds." Oregon Statesman , March 31, 1857, p. 2, c. 1.
"Social Status of Negro in Oregon Shown in Color Line in Theaters." Oregonian , May 20, 1905, p. 8, c. 3. "States Excluded from Washington Territory Cites 'Missouri Compromise' as Authority." Oregon Statesman , August 2, 1853,
p. 2, c. 1.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
"States Oregon People 'Are Not Generally Informed' Re Gov. Whiteaker s Stand on Slavery Question." Oregon Statesman , June 10, 1861, p. 2, c. 2.
'
(Ed.)
"States Vote for J. Smith or J.D. Fay are Votes for Restoration of Slavery." Oregon Statesman , May lU, 1866, p. 2, c.
1.
(Ed.)
"States Way in Which Southern Senators Treated Corttenden Compromise Makes it Appear that 'Nothing Can be Done Until the Southern States See Fit to Send up Representatives of a Different Temper.'" Oregon Statesman , March 25, 1861, p. 2,
c. h.
(Ed.)
"Starting of the Occidental Messenger at Corvallis ProSlavery Democratic Paper." Oregonian , June 27, 1857, p. 2,
c. 1-2.
(Ed.)
"Students Who Helps His Race."
The Journal, May 29, Ip6ii.
37.
(3d.)
"The Efforts to Introduce Slavery into Oregon Oregonian , August 15, 1857, p. 2, c. 2.
"The Northwest and the War." p. 2, c. 1.
Opposition."
(Ed.)
Oregon! an , December 20, 1862,
(Ed.)
"The Oregon Statesman and Slavery." 1857, p. 2, c. 2.
Oregonian , March 7,
(Ed.)
"Terror Byproduct of Prejudice." I960, Sec. 2, p. 7, c. 1.
The Journal , July 6,
(Ed.)
"Urges in Coming Election that Senators be Elected Who are Non-Interventionists." Oregon Statesman , September h, i860,
p. 1, c. 1.
(Ed.)
"Urges Non-intervention in Territories by Congress." gon Statesman , July 5, 1659, p. 2, c. 1.
Or e-
(Ed.)
"Views on Slavery in Oregon."

6, 1857, p. 2, c. 6.
Oregon Statesman, October
(Ed.)
"Willing to Support any Compromise of Fugitive Slave Law but Opposes Plans Suggested." Oregon Statesman, December 2lt, i860, p. 2, c. 2.
"Wilmot Provision Prohibiting Slavery in Oregon Territory Will Hot Affect Popular Vote on Whether Oregon Shall be a Slave State." Oregon Statesman , March 31, 1857, p. 2, c. 1.
"Win is Negro's Loss." p. 36, c. 1.
(Ed.)
(Ed.)
The Oregonian , September 20, 1963,
38.
ARTICLES IN NEWSPAPERS
"Act by Provisional Government in 18UU Provides for Forced Hiring of Free Negroes at Public Bidding Under Certain Conditions." Oregon Statesman , July 26, 1853, p. 2, c. 2.
"Act Freventing Negroes or Mulattoes Coming to or Residing in Ore-
gon Passed by Territory Legislature in 18U9."
Oregon Specta -
tor, February 20, 1851, p. 3, o. 2; February 27, 1851, p. 3, c. $\ March 6, 1851, p. 3, 6.
"African Students Charge Prejudice in Rent Denial." September 6, 1962, p. 6, c. 1.

Albertson, Mcna. "There's Another Vanport." ust 3, 19U7.
The Journal ,
Oregon Journal , Aug-
Almquist, June Anderson. "One More Post for Mrs. Gideon." tle Times , June 5, 1966, p. 8S, port.
,
Seat -
nderson, Larry. "We Need Acceptance Where We Arej A Central Area Negro Leader Gives Her Views." Seattle Times Magazine , September 18, 1966, p. k.
Anderson, Win. "Retire? Not Mrs. Ella Carter She Has Too Many Things to Do." Tacoma News Tribune and Sunday Ledger , April 20, 1969, pp. k-T.
Angelos, Constantine. "Negro Named Principal at Me any Jr. High." Seattle Times , September 28, 196?, p. 63.
"Anti -Slavery Decline World Tide, Says S.E. Pickett." tesman , October 6, 1857, p. 2, c. 7.
Oregon Sta -
"Anti-Slavery Letter of Rev. G.M. Berry Published." man , April 3, 1865, p. 2, c. 5.

"Apartment Tenant Tells of 6-Month Negotiation." August 18, 1962, p. 7, 6.
Oregon States -
The Oregonian ,
'Apathy Cited by Negroes."

c. 5.
The Oregonian , April 26, 196U, p. hS,
Apsler, Alfred. "George Bush Negro Pioneer." Magazine, March ljj, 1953.
"..
Sunday Oregonian
Salute: To Portland's Black Community." 11, 1970.
The Press , February
Baker, Doug. "Baker's Dozen: Negro Group Contend My Column Dastardly." The Journal , September 18, 1965, p. 3, c. 1. "Black Muslim's Seek Foothold in Portland." . nal , i.ugust 30, 1961, p. 1, c. 7.
The Jour-
39.
"Napoleon Bowles j Mazama Negro Leaves Bit of HisBarham, Marvin. tory Behind." Uenatchee Vorld , October 17, 1968.
Barrett, Eldon. "Fleming is Top Candidate for 'Rookie-of-Year' Title." Seattle Times , March 20, 1969, p. 2.
Bauer, Malcolm. "Negroes Make Quiet Job Gains Here." ian, March 19, 196U, p. 36, c. 3.
The Oregon -
"Bean Cancels Ceremony Appearance to Avoid IJslkout by NAACP." Oregoraan, August 15, 1963, p. UO, c. 1.
The
Beaver, Fitzgerald R. "Violence No Solution, Says Negro Editor." Seattle Times , August 8, 1967, p. 3, port.
Bell, S. Leonard. "Horace Cayton Jr.: Man without a Race." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Northwest Today , October 27, 1968, p. 18. Bell, S. Leonard.
137.
"Seattle's First Black Journalist." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Northwest Today , September 1, 1968," p.
Bence, Erna. "Bush Homestead Empty and Falling Into Ruin." coma News Tribune , September 25, I960, p. 3B.
Ta-
"101 Years of Living Fail to Dim Dr. Nettie's Love Bence, Erna. of Life, People." Tacoma News Tribune , July 17, 1966, p. 20A.
Bergsman, Jerry. "Stokes Named to Court.' ber 20, 1968, p. 7, port.
Seattle Times , Septem-
"Eill for Protection of Slavery Property in Oregon Introduced in House." Oregon Statesman , January 19, 1858, p. 1, c. h.
"Bill Giving Negroes Equal Rights Loses." ary 21, 1919, p. 7.
The Oregonian j Febru-
"Bill to Protect Rights of Slave Holders Indefinitely Postponed in House of Representatives." Oreg on Statesman , December 22 , 1857.
'
"Bill to Protect Slavery Considered in Committee of Whole by House; jxfter Debate Committee Rose and Reported Adversely to Passage of Bill." Oregon Statesman , February 9, 1858, p. 1, c. 7.
"Black Educator WLns Teens' Interest Here." 17, 1970, Sec. 3, p. U, c. 7.
The Journal , October
"Black Republican Convention at Lafayette Advocated Throwing Question of Slavery on the Democratic Party; Editor Denies the Party Taking Any Action on Subject." Oregon Statesman , February 2U, 1857, p. 2, c. 7.
kO.

;,
"Bow Hade as Lawyer."
The Journal
October 11, I960, p. 3, c. 5.
Boxberger, Bob. "Court Rules District Violated Negro Rights." The Journal June lU, I960, p. 1, c. 2.
,
"Rent Bias Quiz Continues Here." lb, 1962, p. 10, c. 7.

Boyd, George Felix.
The Journal , August
Oregon Democrat
"Civil Rights Loses Close Portland Battle." December 11, 1950, p. 17-18.
"Bring Negroes to Oregon."
The Oregonian , March 21, 1908, p. U.
"Brotherhood Calling on Portland Negroes to be Men and Women of Purpose i Announcement of the First Annual Negro Race Conference for Portland." The Advocate , Portland, Oregon, May 11, 1929.
Bryant, Hilda. "A Penetrating Study of the City's Negro Pioneers." Seattle Post-Intelligencer , August Ik, 1967, pp. 1, 2, 3.
Byrd, Roberta.
"Who Are Seattle's Negro Leaders?" Seattle Post Intelligencer, Northwest Today , October 30, 1966, pp. k-S>
"Citizen's Committee Reports Ratio of Negroes in Portland Public Schools." The Oregonian , September 23, 1963, p. 13, c. 1.
"Citizens of Belpassi Pass Resolutions Urging Governor to Call Extra Session of Legislature to Ratify Anti-Slavery Amendment." Oregon Statesman , July 31, 1865, p. 3, 2.
c
,
"City Action Offers Pace Hiring Solution." 1963, p. 11, c. 1.
The Oregonian , July 31,
"City NAACP Appoints Committee to Study Relations Between Albina Negroes, Police." The Oregonian , September 20, 1965, p. lU,
c. 1.
"City School Board Urged to Dispose of $1 Million in Warehouse Space." The Oregonian , May 11, 1965, p. 11, c. 1.
"Churchman Says Negro Shares Problem Blame." 20, 1963, p. Ill, c. 1.
The Oregonian , May
"Clackamas County Democrats Resolve Kansas and Nebraska Bill is in i.ccordance x.dth True Democracy." Oregon Statesman , May 20, 1856, p. 2, c. 6.
"Clackamas County Precinct Meeting under Lane Influence Adopts Resolution for Federal Control of Slavery." Oregon States man , April 10, i860, p. 2, c. 1.
"Clerics Tell Mayor to Aid Negroes Here." 1968, p. 1, c. 5.
The Journal , April 6,
Id.
j"335
"Colored Peoples' Suffrage."
Oregon Voters April 16, 1927, p. 7.
"Colored Pioneer Deadj J.iJ. Matthews Passes Away at the Age of 88 Years." Seattle Post-Intelligencer , October 8, 1898.
"Color Line in Marshfield."
8,
The Oregonian , September 28, 1909, p.
ed.
"Committee Says FederglState Laws Balk Probe into Negro School Status." The Oregon! an , August 13, 1963, p. 1, c. 3.
Conant, Mike.
"The Police and Negroes of Seattle." September 1, 1967, pp. 1, h 9 5.
,
Seattle Post -
Intelligencer
"CORE Charges Police Anti-Negro in Eugene." 18, 1965, Sec. 3, p. 5, c. 1.
The Oregonian , July
"County Democratic Convention Resolve to Put Slavery Question to Vote of People." Oregon Statesman , Hay 19, 1857, p. 2, c.
U, 5.
Crick, Rolla J. "Disenchanted Negro Planning New Group to Outdo NAACP." The Journal , September 15, 1962, p. 2, c. 1.
Davenport, Marge. "Poor Housing Laws Negro Resentment, Social Worker Says." The Journal , September 1, 1965, p. 7, c. 3.
Deane, Early.
"Action Group."
The Oregonian , July 2U, 1966,
NIJ
Sec,
p. 8, c. 1.
"Black Former Police Captain Claim Negroes Scorn Law _. That Has Scorned Them." The Oregonian , February 19, 1971,
p. 13.
"Debate Between Free State and Pro-Slavery Men Held in Eugene City During Democratic Convention, Vote About 30 to Pro-Slavery." Oregon Statesman , April 21, 1857, p. 2, c. 2.
"Deer Creek Correspondent Predicts Slavery Question 1.111 Follow if Question of Convention Carries." Oregon Statesman , March 25, 1856, p. 2, c. 7.
"Desegregation Plans Proposed for Schools." 1963, p. 8, c. 3.

"Discrimination Suit Seeks ,,51,295."
p. 3, c. 7.
The Journal , May 1,
The Journal , May 28, I960,
"Donation Land Bill Amendment to Admit to Oregon Territory on Equal Terms with MTiites, Defeated in United States House of Representatives." Oregon Spectator , August 22, 1850, p. 1,
c. h, 5.
"D. Smith and U.U. Chapman Omit Plank for Re-Opening African Slave
Trade from Breckinridge Platform." 28, 1860, p. 2, c. 5.
Oregon Statesman , August
U2.
"Dred Scott Decision Subject of Mr. Brides' Stump at Salem." gon Statesman , May 18, 1858, p. 2, c. U.
Duncan, Don. "Driftwood Diary." 31, 1967, p. h.
Ore -
Seattle Times Magazine , December
Duncan, Don. "He is Short in Size but Long on Service." Times , May 16, 1967, p. 1, port.
Duncan, Don. "Negro Publisher Gets Down to Nitty Gritty." tle Times February 22, 1968, p. 21, port.
,
Seattle
Seat -
"Editor Has Mo Particular Good Feeling for Mrs. Stowe (Harriet Beecher) But Rebukes Parson Brox-mlow for Tirade Against Her." Oregon Statesman , October lU, 18U7, p. 2, c. h.
"Editor Praises Thurston for His Support of the Union." Spectator , May 21, 1850, p. 1, c. 2.
Oregon
"Educated Refined Pioneer Negro of Olympia is Dead." mpian May 3, 1910.

,
Morning Oly -
"Entered Republican Opposition to Admitting Oregon Territory as a 'Free State'." Oregon Statesman , October 26, 1858, p. 1, c.
u.
"Episcopal Minister Urges Bussing of Younger Negro Students." Oregonian . March 16, 1965, p. 11, c. 3.
"Eugene Group Takes Steps for Race Relations Council." ian , February Ik, 1952, p. 9.
The
The Oregon -
"Eugene Lane Western Born."
The Oregonian , October 9, 1931, p.

The
3.
"Ex-Felon Relates Experiences to Assist 'Hard Core' Youth." Journal , December 21, 1968, p. 3, c. 3.
Feeney, Dick.
"Dissident Negro Group Attacks NAACP's Webb." Portland Reporter October 8, 1963, p. 6, c. U.
,
"Guide Line Offered HAP by Mayor's Race Board." Portland Reporter February 20, 196U, p. 6, c. 1.
,
"First Negro Named to Housing Unit Here." I960, p. 3, c. h.
The Journal , June 22,
"Fletcher Named to Nixon Cabinet Position." Ik, 1969, p. 1, port.
Daily Olympian , March
"Flight from Cities Called Threat to U.S. Strength." ian , January 6, 1965, p. 19, c. h. "Flood Evacuees Demand Good Housing, Cash Pay." 19U8.
The Oregon-
T he Su n, June 10,
U3.
CPL Exchange Bibliography #335 The Oregonian , April 15, 1965, P
"For Sale Sign Stirs Comment." 2. 13,
"Forum Speakers Urge More Hiring of Negroes." ch 2h y 1970, p. 16, c. 1.

"George Washington:
The Oregonian , Mar-
Father of the Beautiful City of Centralia." Centralia Daily News , Special Edition, June 1891.
Seattle Times , September 1, 1966,
"Gerald D. Wells, Jazz Flutist." p. U6, port.
"Ghetto Here Called Relic of Slavery." 5. p. h,
The Journal , July 8, 1968,
"G.H. Williams Sets Forth Reasons Why Oregon Should be Non-Slave State." Oregon Statesman , July 28, 1857, p. 1, c 6, 7.
Gilje, Shelby. "Black Market Seen as Top Area for Business Bonanza." Seattle Times , October 11, 1969, p. 19, port.
Godfrey, Richard. "Urban Leagues Leader Cites Portland Needs." The Oregonian , May 7, 1963, p. 15, c. 5.
"Governor of Oregon Receives Proposed Constitutional Amendment Prohibiting Slavery." Oregon Statesman , March 13, 1865.
"Gov. Whiteaker in Message Calls Attention to the Grave Political Disturbances in Oregon and Throughout the Union Generally." Oregon Statesman , October 21, i860, p. 1, c. 3| p. 1, c. 5.
"Gov. Whiteaker in Message Says John Brown's Raid Hastens Settlement of Slavery Question." Oregon Statesman , October 21, i860, p. 1, c. 3.
Granberg, William J. "Patches on the Coat of Poverty." Seattle Post-Intelligencer ? Northwest Today , October 1, 1967, pp. 8-9.
"Great Debate in United States Senate on Question of Slavery in the Territory." Oregon Statesman , May 17, 1859, p. 1, c. 1.
"No Segregation Rulings Found." Green, Miles. ember 7, 1963, p. 13, k.
The Journal , Nov-
"Oregon Rights Law Curbs Most Discrimination Here." . The Journal , September 28, 196U, p. 5, c. 5.
"Group Asks Housing Talks."
The Oregonian , October 2b, 19U5.
Guernsey, John. "Concentrated Portland Negro School Population, Poses Myriad of Problems for City Policy Makers to Solve." The Oregonian , May 12, 1963, p. hh, c. 1.
kk.
Guernsey, John. "Educator's Drive to iid Negro Students Brings Grant to Reed College, 6 Other Colleges." The Oregonian , April 15, 196k, p. 1, c. U.
Education."
>.
21;,
1966, NW sec.
21, c. 3.
. "Portland Negroes Open More Job Doors but Qualifying for Them Still Remains a Problem." The Oregonian , October 20, 1963, p. 3k, 1.
"Habeas Corpus Proceedings in Oregon Supreme Court to Release Negroes at Dallas, Polk County Who Were Once 'Held as Slaves in Mo.'." Oregon State sman, July 5, 1853, p. 2, c. 2.
Haigh, John.
"A Program to Help Young Negroes." Magazine , November 8, 1961;, p. 3.
Seattle Times
Hanna, Charlie. "Panel Airs Negro Woes." 1, 1967, sec. 3, p. 5, e. 1.
The Oregonian , August
Hannula, Don. "Evans to Open State Service Office in Seattle's Central Area. ..Outlines Central Area Ideas." Seattle Times , August 11, 1967, p. 6, illus.
"Hatfield Says Bias Mental."

10, c. 1.
The Oregonian , October 30, 1963, p. "
Hein, Allen.
c. 1.
"School Board Candidate Campaigns on Program of Improved Education." Portland Reporter , March 31, 1961;, p. 7,
Hilderbrand, Larry. "Race Used as Excuse for Acts." November 16, 1963, p. 1, c. 3.
The Oregonian ,
Hilliard, William. "Leader of Portland Established Muslims Denies Black Supremacy, Movement Charge." The Oregonian , August 31, 1961, p. 8, c. 1.
'Ex-Portlander One of Three Negroes in U.S. to Head Public School District." The Oregonian , December 8, 1967, p.
65, c. 1.
Himes, George F. 1906.
"Bygone Memories."
Portland Oregonian , July 11,
"History of Attempts to Legalize Slavery in Oregon." February Ik, 1899, p. 10.

,;
The Oregonian ,
Holbrook, Stevart. Portland Negroes Dent Employment Line. Sunday Oregonian , September Ik, ISkl , p. U.
"
The
Holley, John S. "Black Muslims May Spark Integration Push." Journal September 13, 1961, p. 11;, c. k.
,
The
U5.
"House Resolves Itself into Committee of 1/hole to Consider Bill to Protect Slave Property." Oregon Statesman , p. 2, c. 3.
"Housing Gamble."
Oregon Journal, June 17, 19h8.

The Oregonian , July 22, 19U8, p. 11, c.
"Housing Shy for Hegroes."

3.
"Housing Unit Plans Meet, Urban League Sponsers Move." ian, J-:ne 15, 1965, p. 17, c. h.
The Oregon -
"Howard Psychologist Criticizes School Segregation Eight Plan." The Oregonian, August 7, 1965, p. 6, c. U.
Hugh, Scott (series). "Racial Problem Strikes Eugene." gonian, February 10, 1952, p. 1, illus.
.
The Ore -
roes." ies).
"Eugene Citizens Begin to Seek Means of Helping NegThe Oregonian , February 11, 1952, p. 12 (last of ser-
"Humerous Explanation of Dred Scott Decision Reportedly Made in Uipqua County." Oregon Statesman , May l5 3 1858, p. 1, c. 7.
"Hundred Jobs Sought for Hegroes."
p. 1, c. 3.
The Journal , April 12, 1968,
"Inn Owner Loses Race Case Suit."

2,
The Journal , May 21, 1963, p.
c. U.
"Introduction in Oregon Territory Opposed in Washington County American Party Convention Resolution." Oregon Statesman , May 5, 1857, p. 2, c. 2.
"J.D. Saul Charged with Murder of Indian Wife." December 2k, 181*6, p. 2, c. 1.
Oregon Spectator ,
Jepsen, Donald C. "Ex-Welfare Recipient, Mother of U, Tries Hand as Page." The Journal , January 27, 1969, p. 8, c. 2.
"J.H. Bush, Sargent-at-arms, Legislature." Standard , December 1U, 1867, p. 2.
"J. Lane
Olympia Washington
in Letter Defines His Views."
Oregon Statesman , December
31, 1860, p. 2, c. 3.
"J. Lane Says Congress Should Prohibit Slavery in Territories." Oregon Statesman , March 6, i860, p. 2, c. 2.
"J. Lane Votes for Pro-Slavery Resolutions in Senate." Statesman , May 15, i860, p. 2, c. 5.
Oregon
"J.S. Cartwright in Favor of Ratification of Thirteenth Amendment Published." Oregon Statesman, January 8, 1866, p. 1, c. 6.
Ii6.
"Jobless Picket Assails Anti -Poverty Wrongs." 6, 1967, p. 10, c. h.

"Job View Good Here for Negro." p. 7, U.
The Oregonian , May
The Journal , September 18, 1963,
"Judge Frazer Decides Theaters Have Right to Revoke Ticket Sold to Colored Persons, or White Persons." The Oregonian , May 19, 1905, p. 1U, c. 5. "Judge Picks Study Groups." 6. p. 37,
The Oregonian , September -~-"
29, 1963,
Jumper, Ken.
"City Panel to Help Negroes Find Jobs." January 11, 1968, p. 1, c. 2.
The Journal ,
Karolevitz, Bob. "The Pacific Northwest's Own George Washington." Seattle Times Magazine , February 16, 1961;, p. 2. Karolevitz, Bob. "The Urban League: Volatile Issue, Level Head." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Northw est Today , May 19, 1963, p.
Katagiri, Mineo. "The Negro Will Not Halt. A Leading Seattle Minister Bids the White Community Take the Initiative Toward Integration. . .Because the New Emphasis in the Negro Slogan is Freedom NOW! " Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Northwest Today , March 13, 1966, pp. 8-9.
"Lake Oswegans Told Negroes May Carry Riots to Suburbs," nal , January 11, 1968, p. 1, c. 2.
The Jour -
"Landlord Here Challenge Anti-Discrimination Laws." October 8, 1962, p. 2, c. 7.
The Journal ,
"Lane County Convention for Organization of Society to Make Oregon a i7ree State." The Oregoni an, April 11, 1857, p. 2, c. 3.
"Lane County Democratic Convention Passes Pro-Slavery Resolution." Oregon Statesman , December 27, 1859, p. 2, c. li.
Lane, Smith and Larry Crumet. "Mayor Praises Negros for City's Peaces Stability Important Factor." Seattle Times September 5, 1967, p. 17.
,
"Last Equal Rights Bill Appears." p. 3.
The Journal , February 18, 1918,
Lattie, James. "Racial Protest March Staged." 1. 2U, 1963, p. 1,
The Oregonian , June
Layton, Mike. "A Big Man on the Political Scrimmage Line: In Art Fletcher's Lexicon, Self Reliance is Almost Everything." Daily Olympian , September 12, 1968, p. 12, port.
U7.
"Housing Needs Surveyed, Available Sites Get Study." Leartz, Paul. The Oregonian , June 20, 19l|8.
"Legislative Action on Bill for Protection of Slave Property." Oregon Statesman , January 18, 1359, p. 1, c. h, 6j p. 2, c. lj January 25, 185?, p. 3, c. 2.
"Legislative Activities Re Thirteenth Amendment to U.S. Constitution Published." Oregon Statesman , January 15, 1866, p. 1,
c. 3.
"Legislative Discussion Re Constitutional Amendment Published." Oregon Statesman , January 29, 1866, p. 1, c. 3
"Legislature to Hold Special Session and Vote Re Abolition of Slavery." Oregon Statesman , September 25, 1865, p. 2, c. 6.
"Leland States He Does Not Advocate Abolitionism for Standard; Editor Disagrees." Oregon Statesman , September 16, 1856, p.
2,
c. 2.
"Letter from F.B. Martin Says Slaves Can Be Freed Only by Being Taken into and Held in States by Their Owners in Violation of the Law." Oregon Statesman , October 11, 1855, p 1, h*
"Letter from 'G' Discusses Stand Taken by Buchanan and by Lane in 1856 and i860 on Slavery in Territories." Oregon Statesman , Harch 13, i860, p. 1, c. 3. "Letter from 'Polk' Attacks and Urges Passage of Amendment Prohibiting Slavery." Oregon Statesman , Harch 20, 1865, p. 1, c. 3.
"Letter from 'Posted' Advocates Limited Form of Slavery for Training Indians." Oregon Statesman , December 6, 1859, p. 1, c. 1. "Letter from S.R. Thurston, Uashington D.C., States Oregon l&ll Fight for Union." Oregon Spectator , Hay 16, 1850, p. U.
"Letter from 'Young America' Objects to Making Slavery a Democratic Party Issue." Oregon Statesman, April 7, 1857, p. 2, c.
h.
"Letter of W. Ruble Urges Extra Session to Pass Anti-Slavery Amendment." Oregon Statesman , ipril 3, 1865, p. 2, c. 6.
"Letter Signed 'Anti Niggerphobia' Says Let Democratic Conventions Nominate Good and True lien Without Reference to Their Vievjs upon Slavery in Oregon." Oregon Statesman , March 3, 1857,
p. 2, c. 5.
"Links Project Aims at Culture Promotion." 22, 1965, sec. 2, p. 7, c. h.
The Oregonian , April
Lockley, Fred. "Race Feeling Arose Very Early in Oregon." Journal , January 6, 1920, p. 6.
The
U8.
CPL icchange Bibliography #335
Long, James. "Negroes Here Blocked by Invisible Barrier." Journal , July 29, 1963, p. 1, c. 1.
The
"Negro Push Building Up Resentment." August 1, 1963, p. 1, 1.
The Journal ,
"Portlanders Oppose Negro Pupil Shift." August 26, 1963, p. 1, c. 1.

"Racial Bias Faced by Negro Attorney." July 31, 1963, p. 1, c. 1.
"Xl5 Pilot Here, Cities Research Gains." . April 11, 196U, p. 1, c. 5.
The Journal,
The Journal
The Journal ,
Lugman, Peter.
"Hatfield Rejects Bid for Fugitive Chinn." Oregonian , July U, 1961, p. 1, c. 1.
The
"Luteshio Ceusar, Women Slave in Missouri Brought to Oregon, Sues Estate of Master for Back Wages. " Oregon Statesman , October
17, 1801;, p. 3,
1.
McDonald, Lucile. "Cape Disappointment's First Settler." Times Magazine , November 22, 196U, pp. U-5.
Seattle
McKenzie, Compton. "Salem Elks Club Scored for Racial Discrimination." The Oregonian , November 12, 1965, p. 17, c. 1.
"Negroes Likely to Win Salem Apartment Row." September 18, 1963, p. 19, c. 7
,
The
Oregonian
McLeod, Don. "Factual Survey Made of Increase in Negro Population." The Oregonian . October U, 19U2. MacNab, Gordon G. "As Employers See It, Too Few Negroes Are Qualifying for Jobs." The Oregonian , August 6, 1967, Forum Sec. 1. p. 7,
'Portland Teen-Age Negroes Refuse to Bear Frustrations of Parents." The Oregonian , June 1, 1965, p. 15, c. 1.
"M. Bride Votes for
Fugitive Slave Law Repeal in Congress." Statesman , August 29, 186U, p. 2, c. 3.
Oregon
"Marion County Democratic Convention Favor Congressmen Who Will Resist Slave Codes in Territories." Oregon Statesman , April 17, i860, p. 2, c. 7.
Martin, Lynn. "The Lively Intelligence of Roberta Byrd." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Northwest Today , February 27, 1966, pp. ti-9, illus.
"Moved to Take Up Bill Representing Slave Property; Motion Carried." Oregon Statesman February 9, 1858, p. 1, c. 5.
,
U9.
"Nebraska-Kansas Discussed in the House of Representatives in Relation to Slavery in Oregon." Oregon Statesman , January 23, 5. 1855, p. 1,
"Negro Aid in School Proposed."

c. k.
The Oregonian , May 7, 1563, p. 1,
"Negro and Unite Man Fight Over Squaw." 20, 1853, p. 3, c. 1.
Oregon Spectator , October
"Negroes Asked to Live in White Housing Units." Kay 10, 1961;, p. 29, c. 7.
The Oregonian,
"Negro Brought to Oregon by Mr. Vanderpool to be Banished for Territory." Oregon Spectator , September 12, 1850, p. 2, c. 6.
"Negro Burglary Suspects in Oregon City Dismissed by S.W. Moss, Justice." Oregon Spectator , September 12, 1850, p. 2, c. 6. "Negro Claims Discrimination." 3. p. 39 9
"Negroes Claim Prejudice in Property Condemnation." June U, I960, p. 11, c. 1.

"Negro Conditions Here Said Inferior." 1963, p. 2, c. 5.
The Oregonian ,
The Journal , November 22,
"Negro's Crusade Attracts 13."

p. 3,
The Journal , September 17, 1962,
1.
"Negro's Cry Said Ignored."

c. 7.
The Oregonian , July 29, 1958, p. 11,
"Negro Dislike for Housing Studies May Cancel out Kennedy Visit." The Oregonian , September 18, 1963, p. 20, c. 3.
"Negro Failure at Polls Noted."

p. 21, c. U.
The Oregonian , November 9, 1967,
"Negro Families Offered Funds for Relocation." 12, 196U, p. 7. "Negro Fraternal Leader Says Housing Key Issue." April 13, 1963, p. 11, c. 1.
"Negroes Get Job Offers."
c. h.
The Oregonian , May
The Oregonian ,
The Oregonian , August 2, 1963, p. 19,
"Negro Get Promotion."
The Oregonian , December 2, 1967, p. 8, c.
"Negroes Get Union Bid."
The Journal , August 13, 1963.
50.
CPL Exchange Bibliography #335 The Journal , February
"Negro Hanged to Tree, Then Told to Skip." 3, 1922, p. 5.

"Negroes in Defense."
The Journal
,
May 18,
191*2, p. 10.
"Negroes Jobs Here Seen Poor."

1, c.
1*.
The Journal , October 17, 1963, p.
"Negro Job Opportunity in Oregon Rates High." uary 8, 1969, p. 23, c. 5"Negroes Join Dock Crew."
c. 2.
The Oregonian , Jan-
Th e Oregonian , February 5,
1961*, p.
9,
"Negro Living at Cape Disappointment Attempts to Pilot Shark to Astoria." Oregon Spectator , August 6, 181*6, p. 2. c. 3.
"Negro Miners Experience in the Coos Bay Region." January 27, 1895, p. 3, 1.
The Oregonian ,
"Negro Pastor Proposes 'Realistic Integration. March 3, 1961.
'
"
The Oregonian ,
"Negroes Pay List Disputed."

6, c. 5.
The Journal , December 21, 1965, p.
"Negroes Plan Case Appeal of Sam Reynold Jr." 16, 1965, p. 21, c. 5.
"Negro Students Said Increasing." 1950, p. 31. "Negro Suffrage."

"Negro Suffrage."
The Oregonian , December 10,
Oregon Voter , November

Oregon Voter
,
1*,
1916, p. 9.
December 16, 1916, p. 11.
"Negro Survey Here Hit."

c. 6.
The Journal , February 8, 1965, p. 2,
"Negro Takes Parks Post."

c. 1.
The Oregonian , August 6, 1963, p. 10,
"Negro Tenancy Shows Rise in Projects." 196U, p. 11, c. 1.

"Negroes Told of Test Housing Law."
c. 1.
The Oregonian , August
7,
The Oregonian , Sec. 3, p. 6,
"Negro Vote Drive Starts."

c. 6.
The Oregonian , August 11, 1961*, p. 20,
"Negroes Want Good Jobs Now, Not Social Lectures." The Sunday Ore gonian , September 21*, 1961*, Sec. F, p. 1, c. 1-31
SL.
CPL 3xchange Bibliography #335 The Jour -
"Negroes, Whites Here Stage 'March' for Race Progress." nal , June 2U, 1963, p. 1, c. 2.
"Negro Wins Court Suit."
The Oregonian, May 21, 1963, p. 15, c. 3
"Negro Working at Park Bureau Says He's Getting Along Just Fine." The Oregonian , August 18, 1963, p. 30, c. 1.
"
New York Commercial Advertiser Reports Oregon Anti-Slavery." Oregon Statesman , June 9, 1857, p. 2, c. 7.
New York Tribune Says Oregon 1,111 Become Slave State if Buchanan Elected." Oregon Statesman , March 30, 1858.
"
"ililsen Backs Negro Couple." 5.
The Oregonian , June 12, I960, p. 1,
"Non-Intervention Resolution Adopted at Marion County Democratic Convention." Oregon Statesman , April 17, i860, p. 2, c. 7.
"Non-Intervention Speech of J. Lane in 1856 Recalled." Statesman, September 11, i860, p. 1, c. 2.
Oregon
"Notice of Bill to Test Sense of Voters of Oregon Territory Relative to Adoption on Prohibition in State Constitution Given to House." Oregon Statesman , January 20, 1857, p. 1> c. 5.
"O'Mearn Denies Non-Intervention Statement His When Edited Standard." Oregon Statesman , June 12, i860, p. 2, c. 5.
"Omitting Recognition of the Ordinance of 1787 in Creation of Washington Territory Leaves Territory Open to Slavery." Ore gon Statesman , July $, 1853, p. 2, c. 1.
"One of Three Negroes Charged with Selling Liquor to Indians Drowns While Being Taken to Magistrates] Other Tito Discharged for Lack of Evidence; Negroes Reported Employed by Oregon City White Man." Oregon Spectator , December 30, 1851, p. 2,
c. 2.
"Opposed at Linn County Republican Convention." May 26, 1857, p. 2, c. 6.

"Order Bars State Enforcement."
p. 8, c. 6.
Oregon Statesman ,
The Oregonian , November
11*,
196l,
"Oregon During the Civil War." p. 32, c. 1-3.
The Oregonian , September
9,
1900,
"Oregon Legislature Casts Seven Votes Against Thirteenth Amendment." Oregon Statesman , December 11, 1865, p. 3, c. 5.
52.

The Oregon-
"Oregon One of Nine States Without Elected Negroes." ian, June 26, 1965, p. 25, c. 1.
"Oregon Press and Session."

c. 1.
The Oregonian , March 27, 1861, p. 2,
"Oregon Territory Council Adopts Amendment to Witness Bill Preventing Negroes (Including Hulattoes) from Testifying Against Whites." Oregon Spectator , January 7, 185U, p. 1, c. 1.
"Oregonians Terribly Alarmed for Fear Election of Buchanan as President Will Force Slavery on Oregon." Oregon Statesman , November 11, 1856, p. 2, c. 2.
"Organisation of Colored Immigration Society." December 17, 1879, p. 3, c. 3.
The Oregon! an ,
Ostergren, Jack. "NAACP Here Deplores "Black Klan'." The Journal , August 31, 1961, p. 1, c. It.
'Negro Group Offers Apology for NAACP Picket Threat." The Journal , October 8, 1963, p. 2, c. 3.
"OSU Hires Negro Aide Dan Powell." 1968, Sec. 3, p. 2, c. 3.
The Oregonian , October 21,
Othus, John. "Negro Settler Plays Role in Territorial Split." The Oregonian ^ February 6, 1959, p. 23, c. 1.
Painter, John Jr. "Special Forum Report; Reaction to Race Study: Portland Still Has Time." The Oregonian , March 31, 1968, Forum Sec, p. 1, c. 3"Park Bureau Revamps Disputed Hiring Practice." August 15, 1963, p. 30, c. 1.
The Oregonian ,
"Petition Concerning Slavery Taken From Table and Referred to Committee of Whole." Oregon Statesman , January 26, 1858, p. 2,
c. 1.
"Petition from James D. Southworth and others for Recognition of Right of Protection to Slave Property Presented to House of Representatives." Oregon Statesman , January 11, 1859, p. 1, "
c. k.
"Petition from Some Citizens of Yamhill County Protect Slave Property Presented to House by Mr. Allen." Oregon Statesman , January 12, 1858, p. 2, c. k-
"PetitionsSeek Negro Freedom."

3, p. 5,
The Oregonian , May 7, 1963, Sec.
7.
"Plan Due for More Discussion."

1, c. 6.
The Oregonian , May
11;,
1963, P
53.

1
"Police Terror to 'Albina Gang.
"
The Oregonian , February 9, 1921.
"Polk County Democratic Convention Opposes Doctrine of Federal Intervention." Oregon Statesman , April 10, i860, p. 2, c. 3.
Pollard;, Lancaster.
"Indians Consider Negro Slave Accompanying Levis and Clark Expedition 'Big Medicine' ." The Oregonian , April 7, 1963, p. 1*2.
1927."
"Oregon Constitution Anti -Negro Until Referendum in The Sunday Oregonian , April 19, 1959.
The Journal , January
"Black Business Looks Ahead." Porter, Doug. 6. 22, 1969, p. 13,
'Unions Blame Lack of Training, Motivation Discontent of Portland's Negroes Laid to Unemployment." The Journal July 3, 1967, p. 6, c. 1.
.
"Portland Civic Leaders Form Integration Group". The Oregonian , June 18, 1965, p. 3h, c. 7. "Portland Colored Citizens Have a Public Meetingj Pass Resolution Urging Greater Union at the Pells." Oregonian , April 2k, 1881*, p. 3, c. 6.
"Portland Held 'Bad Town' Among Negroes of Coast." April 23, 191*7.
The Oregonian ,
"Portland Negro Couple Files Suit Against Richland Water District." The Oregonian , May 28, I960, p. 7, c. 3.
"Portland Family Wins Urban League Honors." 21, 1967, p. 2, c. 1*.
"Portland Group Stages Demonstrations Protesting Death Bomb in a1bina." The Oregonian , September 17, 1963, p. 15, c. 1.
"Portland NAACP Remedies Own Program to End 'De Facto' Segregation in School System." The Journal , June 6, 1963, p. 5, c. 1.
"Portland Negro Political Group to Support Nixon." August 29, I960, p. 1, c. 6.
The Oregonian ,
"Portland's Negroes Lack Hostilities, Sheriff 'Notes'." gonian , August 2, 196U, p. 1*8, c. 1.
"Portland Skills Band Set Up for Negroes." 196U, p. 1, c. 2.
The Ore -
The Journal , April 11,
"Portland Video 'Spinoff Probes Policeman's Role in Negro Areas." The Oregonian , December 21, 1967, Sec. 2, p. 19, c. 6.
5U.
CPL Exchange Bibliography #335 The
"Poverty Programs Cost Shows Rapid Growth in Just Few Years." Sunday Oregonian , July 2k, 1966, p. 28, c. 1-3.
Pratt, Gerry.
''Negro Cities Struggle to Find 'Bootstrap'." April 7, 1968, p. 31, c. 5.
The
Oregonian
"Presbyterian and Congregational Churches Hold Salem Meeting and Discuss The Nebraska Bill." Oregon Statesman , November Ik,
185U, p. 1, c. 5.
"Proceedings of Legislature Debate Upon Thirteenth Amendment Published." Oregon Statesman , December 11, 1865, p. 3, c. 3.
"Project Upward Bound Proves Deprived Youth Can Hake the Grade." The Sunday Oregonian , June 5, 1966, p. 26, c. 1-8.
"Pro-Slavery Sentiment Reported Increasing." July 7, 1857, p. 2, 7.

"Race Study Here Advances."
Oregon Statesman ,
The Journal, June 18, 19ok, p. 8, c.
"Race Study Scheduled."
The Journal , July 9, 1963, p. 6, c.
1*.
"Race Study Speedup Ruled Out."

7,
7, 1963, p.
c.
ii.
"Racial Bias Growth Seen NAACP Leaders Attacks Plans." ian , July 17, 1965, p. 6, c. 6.
The Oregon -
"Rally Charges Police Brutal."

Sec. 3, p. 9, c. 1.
Reed, Watford. "Black Students Seek Chance to 'Do Own Thing'." The Journal , November 12, 1968, p. 9, c. k.
"Religious Sect Grilled."
The Oregonian , May
7,
1921.
"Rep. Lent's Razzle-Dazzle." 12, c. 1.
The Journal , February Ik, 1963, p.
"Report Charges Portland, Salem with Negro Discrimination." Oregonian , September 11, 1961, p. 8, c. 1.
The
The Republican Seattle, Vol. II, No. 3k, January k, 18 96. Mew Year Issue.
,
Special
Articles on George Bush, and George Washington and Mr. and Mrs. William F. Bryant of Centralia. Also brief information on many other pioneers and biographical sketches of prominent Negroes of 1896.
$$.
"Resolution Adopted by General Conference M.S. Church in Regard to Freedom." The Oregonian , August 9, 186U, p. 2, c. 3.
"Resolution Offered in Legislature Asks Congress to Amend Constitution to Forever Prohibit Slavery." Oregon Statesman , September 26, 186U, p. 2, c. lj.
Richards, Leverett. "Without Warning, Disaster Wiped Out Vanport." The Oregonian , May 26, 1968.
"Rights of Negroes to Build Upheld." 1921. The Oregonian , August 30,
Running, Jim. "Black Power, Future of Negro Ghetto Discussed at Urban League Meeting Here." The Journal , April 27, 1967, p.
3, c. 1.
'City Schoolmen Cool to Race Study." May 1U, 1963, p. 1, c k.

. "Discrimination Charged." 1963, p. h 9 c. U.
The Journal ,
The Journal , February 7,
"Negro Youths Air Troubles." 19677 P. 2, c. 6.
2,
. "Race Quiz Here Held Too Show." 3. 1963, p. 1,
The Journal , June k,
"State Loses in First Test of Civil Rights." Journal , November 16, 1961, p. 6, c. U.
The
Ryan, Jack. "Sam Smith, State's Only Negro Legislator, Fights for the Underdog." Seattle Times , March 15, 1967, p. ll*.
Salem Daily Record , January 21, 1668, p. 2, c. 3.
Salem Daily Record , January 3, 1868, p. 2, c. 2.

Sanderson, William. "Portland Negro Leader Symbolic of New Force in U.S." The Oregonian , September 8, 1968, p. 36, c. 1.
.
as Porter."
"Portland Urban League Director Recalls Younger Days The Oregonian , September 10, 1963, p. 11, c. 1.
Sapp, Bernice A.
"History and Background of Pioneer Bush Family." Olympia News , September 6, 13, 19U5.
"'S' Urges Oregonians to Buy Negroes
gon."
in South and Free Them in OreOregon Spectator , September 9, 1851, p. 1, c. 3.
56.
CPL ^change Bibliography #335
"School Beat: 62^ of Negroes Lack Diplomas." ber 12, 196U, p. 13, 1.
The Journal , Novem-
"School Meeting Taxes, Colored School-3nlargement of BuildingsInvestigation of Reports and Accounts Ordered." The Oregon ian, April 11, 1871, p. 3, c. 2,3.
Schulz, Blaine. "Housing." p. 21, c. 1.
The Oregonian , July 2U, 1966, NW Sec.

'
"Seattle Negro Leader to 'Play It by Sar in Parole Board Post." Seattle Times , March 30, 1963, Sec. 2, p. U.
1
"Secondary Question of Slavery Only in Far; Not to Be Confused With Idea of Preserving Government." Oregon Statesman , August 17, 1863, p. 2, c. 1.
"Sentiment for Slavery Found in Resolutions by Lane, Yamhill, and Marion County Democratic Conventions." Oregon Statesman, April lit, 1857, p. 2, c. hi p. 2, c. 5j p. 2, c. 6.
"Session of Congregational Church Adopts Resolution to Deny Pulpit to Clergymenof Other Sects Who Countenance Slavery." Oregon Statesman , September 20, 1859, p. 2, c. 3.
"Shrunk Shocked by Burning of Negroes Home." I960, p. 3. c. 2.
The Journal , July 10,
"Situation Improves for Portland Negroes." 26, 1961, p. U, 1.
The Journal , February
"Slavery Believed Impracticable in Oregon by N.Y. News and National Democrat." Oregon Statesman , September 29, 1857, p. 2, c.
h-
"Slavery Bill for Protection of Slave Property in Oregon Introduced in House." Oregon Statesman , January 19, 1858, p. 1, c. k
"Slavery Described As Vital Issue in Umqua Valley Reports Caleb Cobblec Tone." Oregon Statesman , April 28, 1857, p. 2, c. "Slavery Discussed in House of Representatives." January 29, 1866, p. 1, c. 3.
7.
Oregon Statesman ,
"Slavery Discussed in Letter to Governor Curry by Elisha Whittlesey." Creson Statesman , February 9, 1858, p. 1, c. 2.
"Slavery for Oregon Urged by J. Basset." er 6, 1857, p. 3, c. 1.
Oregon Statesman , Octob-
"Slavery in Oregon Impractical Says Sacramento Union." Statesman , November 3, 1857, p. 2, c. 6.
Oregon

57.
"Slavery in Oregon to Be Put Over by Border Ruffianism According to San Francisco Chronicle." Oregon Statesman , August 25, 1857, p. 2, c. 7.
"Slavery is Supported in Uth of July Speech at Corvallis by A.J. Thayer. Oregon Statesman , July 10, 1865, p. 2, c. hi;
"Slavery Mentioned by Representative Martin in Legislation." gon Statesman , January 15, 1853, p. 2, c. 5.
Ore-
"Slavery Motion Barring Debate Introduced in Constitutional Convention!" p. 1, c. 5. "Indefinitely Postponed." Oregon Sta tesman , August 25, 1857, p. 2, c.
"Slavery Heeds Ho Outside Interference from California and Will Probably Get Hone, Says Editor." Oregon Statesman , October 6, 1857, p. 2, c. 5.
"Slavery Opposed by Thomas Horris in Letters." August k, 1857, p. 3, c. 2.
Oregon Statesman ,
"Slavery Proposed State Constitution Provides that Slavery Question is to Be Decided by Vote of People on Second Monday in Hovember, 1857." Oregon Statesman , September 29, 1857, p. k, c. 2. "Slavery Pro-Slavery by J. Cooley." 1857, p. 1, c. 3.
Oregon Statesman , October 13,
"Slavery Referred to by Delazon Smith in House on Oregon Statehood." Oregon Statesman , December 23, 1856, p. 1, c. 3. "Slavery Regarded as Settled by Democrat Party of Oregon in Resolution Passed by Linn County Democrats Convention." Oregon Statesman , March 16, 1858, p. 1, c. 3.
"Slavery Rejected at Election." Oregon Statesman , Hovember 9, 1857J Hovember 17, l857j Hovember 2U, 1857, p. 2, c. 6j p. 2,
c. 3.
"Slavery Relation to State Constitution Discussed by B. Robinson of Benton County." Oregon Statesman , July 21, 1857, p. 2,
c. 7.
"Slavery Settled for all Time in Oregon by Vote of People Says Lane." Oregon Statesman , February lo, ld58, p. 2, c. U.
"Slavery Settled Peacefully and Quietly in Oregon as People Demand ed Says Reprint from Washington Union ." Oregon Statesman , p.
2, c. 7.
"Slavery Should be Settled Definitely by the Constitution." Statesman, July 21, 1857, p. 2, c. 5.
Oregon
58.
"Slavery-Submission of Question to Vote of People by Constitutional Convention Praised in San Francisco Herald." Oregon Statesman , October 13, 1857, p. 2, c. 7.
"Slavery Urged by F.B. Martin to Increase Price of Real Estate." Oregon Statesman , August k> 1857, p. 3, c. 6.
"Slavery Urged for Oregon to Supply Labor by J,If. Hack." Statesman , August 18, 1857, p. 2, c. 5.
Smith, Donald K. "The Negro Viewpoint." 15-22, 1965.
Oregon
Seattle Times , August
Smith, Judd. "Portland Police Chief Flatly Denies Charge Officers Brutal to Negroes." The Oregonian , September 16, 1965, p.
37,
2.
Smith, Lane. "Sam Smith Still Hears Victory Cheers." Times , November 12, 1965, p. 21, port.
Seattle
Smith, Lane. "Unity of Purpose: B'nai B'rith to Honor Negro Cleric." Seattle Times , March 3, 196U, p. 27.
Smith, Steve. "Seattle's Black Newspapers Finally Ueather Financial Reefs." Seattle Times , September 10, 1969, p. 25.
"Solons Praised for Aiding Negro." Sec. 1, p. 13.
The Oregonian , June 6, 1937,
"Special Advisory Project P.elocation Plans," 13, 196k, P. 25, c. h.
The Oregonian , May
Spence, liorton. "Biracial Gathering in Albina Area Hears Poor Black 'Tell it Like it Is'." The Journal , November 8, 1968,
p. U, c. 1.
"He-Here-Now Project Aims at Jobs for Underachievers." The Journal , Hay 17, 1967, p. 7, 2,
"Militants Here Vow to Advance Cause." . April 5, 1968, p. 3, c. 5.

.
The Journal
groes."
"Plight of Portland Poor: Skills. Open Here for NeThe Journal , January 21,. 1969, p. 6, c. 6.
"Plight of Portland's Poor: Negroes Face Employment The Journal , January 22, 1969, p. 3, o. 3.
Uoes."
"Teen Club Director 'Tells it lis it Is' Illustrates . Race Communications Gap." The Journal November lii, 1968,
.,
p. 2, c. 3.
'The Trend is Upward: PNB Program Surprise to Youth." The Journal , May 19, 1967, p. 5, 1.
59.
"S.R. Thurston Defends Law Excluding Free Negroes from Oregon." Oregon Spectator , September 12, 18 50, p. 1, c. 5. "S.R. Thurston Says Oregon Territory People Neither Pro-Slavery nor Pro-Negro." Oregon Spectator , August 22, 1850, p. 1, c.
"S.R. Thurston Says Slavery Question Divides Nation." Spectator , October 17, 1850, p. 1, c. 5.
"S.R. Thurston Urges Oregon to Support Union." October 17, 1850, p. l, c . 5.
Oregon
Oregon Spectator ,
Staples, Paul. "The Construction Industry's Minority-Trainee Dispute." Seattle Times , October 8, 1969, p. 1.
"Starting of Jacksonville Herald Pro-Slavery Paper." ian, August 22, 1857, p. 2, c. 3.

"Start in Housing, Urban Aide Urges." p. h, c. 2.
"State Cities Landlord." 6. 3, p. 5,
The Oregon-
The Journal , May 6, 1963,
The Oregonian , September 25, 1962, Sec.
"State Illiteracy Low." p. 2.
The Oregonian , September 6, 1931, Sec.
1.
"State Representative Convention Oppose Extension of Slavery." Oregon Statesman , April 26, 1859, p. 2, c. 5.
Steers, Charles B. "Young Portlander Expecting Rough Lone on Southern Job." The Journal , May 21, 19&U, p. 6, c. 1.
"Students Pressure Board with Radical Committee." August 7, 1963, p. 11, c. U.
The Oregonian ,
"Study Urged of School Racial Imbalance." 1963, p. 13, 5.
The Oregonian , May 2,
Sullivan, Ann. "Negro Woman Attorney Tries First Court Case." The Oregonian , October 12, I960, p. 10, c. 1.
"Survey Reports Negro Students." 19U9, p. 12.
The Oregonian , November 16,
"Survey Shotra Negro Residents in Nearly All Sections of City." The Journal , July 10, I960, p. 8, c. 2.
"Survey Shows Race Prejudice Here; But Inactive." man , March 17, 1963, Sec. 1, p. 7, c. U-9.
Oregon States -
60.
"Territorial Democratic Convention Adopt Resolution to Place Slavery Question to Vote of People." Oregon Statesman , April 21, 1857, p. 2, c. h.
"T.H. Benton Says Oregon Will Become Territory if Slavery Prohibited." Oregon Spectator , September 8, 18U7, p. 1, c. 3 September 16, 10U7, (extra) p. k, c. 3.
The Argus , June 7, 1856.
The Argus
November 1, 1856.
The Oregon! an , November 1, 1856.

The Oregon Statesman , June 30, 1857.
"Thirteenth Amendment to U.S. Constitution Ratified at Special Legislation Session." Oregon Statesman , December 11, 1863,
p. 1, c. 3-
Thompson, Peter. "Toxin Topics; Negro Hints Action." December 28, 1961, p. k, c. U.
"Toxin Topics:
The Journal
Covenant."
1,500 Pledged to Local Open Housing The Journal , September 22, l$>6l, p. u, c. 3.
Thompson, Wayne. (Larry "Salem Negro Family Lives in Fear." Wilson Family) The Oregon! an, May Ik, 1968, p. 15, c. 1, illus
Turner, Vallace. "The Negro in Portland: Laxirs Vital to Advance Tolerance State Civil Official Feels." The Oregonian , September 19, 1959, p. 11, 1.
"The Negro in Portland: Stabbing, Shooting, Prostitution Rife in N. Albina Ghetto, Portland Police Records Reveals." The Oregonian , September 18, 1959, p. 1, c. 2.
.
"The Negro in Portland: Survey of Race Status Cites . Again, Handicaps." The Oregonian , September 1U, 1959, p. 1,
c. 2.
"Umpqua County Democrat Convention Passes Resolution Making Slavery a State or Territory Question to the Effect that Slavery is s Domestic Institution and Congress Has No Poxrer to Establish It in Any State or Territory or Exclude It." Oregon Statesman , June 3, 1856, p. 1, c. 7.
"Union Eyes Race Issue."

c. 6.
The Or egoni an, August 17, 1963, p. h,
"Union Opens Job Doors."

c. 2.
The Oregonian , August lk } 1963, p. 19,
61.
"Urban League Hits Negro's Bar From Medical Building." al, June 23, 1957, p. 7, k.
The Journ-
"Urban League to Seek Out Negroes to Fill Positions as Skilled VJorkers." The Ore go ni an , November 20, 1963, p. 10, c. 1.
"Urban League Steps Up Drive Skilled Negroes. " April 11, 196k, p. 13, 1.
The Oregon! an ,
"Urban League, Veteran Assigned PHA Vacancy." 1. 23, 1960, p. 17,
The Oregonian , June
Urner, Carol. "Club Donates to Mississippi Summer Project." land Reporter , August 26, 196ii, p. 7, c. 1.
Port -
"U.S. Court of Claims Has Taken Up for Adjudication the Civil War Claims of Oregon." The Oregonian , November 29, 1906, p. 3,
c. 3.
Van Cleve, Jane. "The Negro in Our Community." The Oregonian , January 21, 1968, N.W. Section, p. 6, c. 1.
"Vandals Hit Negro Home."
c. 2.
The Oregonian , October 3, 1962, p. 1,
"Varied Positions on Slavery by J. Lane Cited." April 17, i860, p. 2, c. 2.
Oregon Statesman ,
"Views of Judge George H. Williams in 1857 Publication in His Reply to General Adairs Letter." Oregon Statesman , November 9, 1858, p. l, c. 2.
"Vote Worker Attack Just Work of Punks." 21, 1961;, p. 2, c. 2.
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COUNCIL CF PLANNING LIBRARIANS
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BLACKS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
1788-1972
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Lenwood G. Davis Department of History Portland State University Portland, Oregon

1972 by Leonard G. Davis

GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, ARCHIVES AND REPORTS

CPL Exchange Bibliography #335

It is primarily designed as a reference for those who wish to

learn more about Blacks in the Pacific Northwest.

cover other parts of the Pacific Northwestj Idaho, Montana and

This bibliography also contains general biblio-

graphical works, as well as primary source materials, that are in

brary, the University of Washington Library and the Idaho State

Library and several state historical societies.

to list everything in the Pacific Northwest as well as nearby

official documents, as well as unpublished works pertaining to

Blacks in the Pacific Northwest.

There is no comprehensive and up-to-date work on Blacks in

The most complete work on Blacks in the Pacific Northwest

is an unpublished master's thesis, "Negroes in Pacific Coast His-

There is also Archie liaree Henderson's unpublished

CPL Exchange Bibliography #335

master's thesis, "Introduction of the Negroes into the Pacific

Henderson's thesis is not as comprehensive or as

well written as Rhodes'.

Most of the books written on the Pacific Northwest completely omit

Therefore, a comprehensive and up-to-date history is desper-

Most people are no doubt aware of D.G. Hill's "The Negro in

was written in 1932.

This is perhaps one of the major works on However, a more up-to-date

Black people in Oregon up to 1932.

Jean B, Brownell's "Negroes in Oregon Be-

fore the Civil War," is another unpublished work and is excellent

for its bibliography.

The most recent work on Blacks in the state

is Franz M. Schneider's "The Black Laws of Oregon."

an unpublished master's thesis and this work traces the history of

Oregon's legislation concerning Blacks, with particular reference

final repeal of the anti-Black provisions of the state constitution

This work also has an excellent bibliography, espec-

ially on the early laws of Oregon.

Most people are probably aware

of the earlier manuscript in the Oregon Historical Society's col-

CPL Exchange Bibliography

and Thomas Alexander "Autobiographical Notes."

But few people are

of Albina Community Council (august

borhood Improvement Project (1960-1967)j Committee on Inter-racial

Minority Housing in Portland (1953-1960) $ National Association

Oregon Committee for Equal Rights (1953-1959)

Committee on Racial Imbalance in the Public School (1962-1956)

United Committee for Civil Rights of Portland (from 1950-).

iary in Salem publish The Uhuru Messenger , a periodical.