Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 6 The Muscular System Short Answer

Figure 6.1 Using Figure 6.1, match the following: 1) The I band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 188

2) The A band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188

3) The lighter central area of the A band is indicated by letter __________.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188

4) The thin filament is indicated by letter __________.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188

Figure 6.2 Using Figure 6.2, match the following: 5) The connective tissue "overcoat" that wraps the entire muscle is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185

6) The connective tissue that wraps a fascicle, or bundle of muscle fibers, is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 185

7) The muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________.

iff: 1 Page Ref: 185

8) The endomysium that wraps individual muscle fibers is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185

Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 9) Only __________ muscle cells are cylindrical and multinucleated.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184

10) The muscle tissue that normally exhibits voluntary contractions is __________ muscle.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185

11) Only __________ muscle cells possess intercalated discs.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186

12) Skeletal muscle is often attached to bone by strong, cordlike structures called __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185

13) The __________ zone of a sarcomere contains no actin filaments while the skeletal muscle is at rest (noncontractile state).
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187; 189

14) The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called __________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

15) The gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction is called the __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

16) When a skeletal muscle is fully contracted, the __________ are closer to the thick filaments.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 192

17) The only energy source that can be used to directly power muscle activity is __________.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195

18) A smooth, sustained contraction is called __________.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194

19) The __________ of a muscle is attached to the immovable or less movable bone.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 198-199

20) The movement that is commonly seen in a ball-in-socket joint, that includes a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, is called __________.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

21) The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement is the __________.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202

22) The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is __________.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 204; 207

23) The muscle referred to as the "smiling" muscle because it raised the corners of the mouth upward is the __________.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207

24) The __________ muscle runs deep to the external oblique muscle.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 209

25) The quadriceps femoris muscle group is composed of the three vastus muscles and the __________ muscle.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 214

Multiple Choice
1) Muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction is: A) cardiac muscle only B) smooth muscle only C) skeletal muscle only D) cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E) cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 185-186

2) The muscle tissue type that consists of single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with very obvious striations is: A) cardiac muscle only B) smooth muscle only C) skeletal muscle only D) cardiac and smooth muscle E) cardiac and skeletal muscle
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183-185

Figure 6.3 3) The type of muscle tissue pictured in Figure 6.3 is: A) skeletal muscle B) voluntary C) striated D) found only in the heart E) smooth muscle
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184

4) The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the: A) sarcolemma B) sarcomere C) myofilament D) sarcoplasm E) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 187

5) Which of the following does not describe cardiac muscle tissue: A) uninucleate B) striations C) involuntary D) rhythmic contractions E) attached to bones
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186

6) What type of membrane wraps a fascicle: A) endomysium B) epimysium C) aponeuroses D) perimysium E) tendons
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 185

7) Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system: A) production of movement B) maintenance of posture C) stabilization of joints D) generation of heat E) hematopoiesis
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187

8) A sarcomere is: A) the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle B) the contractile unit between two Z discs C) the area between two intercalated discs D) the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope E) a compartment in a myofilament
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187

9) Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein: A) thick filaments B) thin filaments C) all myofilaments D) Z discs E) light bands
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-189

10) Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest: 1. fascicle 2. myofilament 3. muscle fiber (cell) 4. myofibril 5. sarcomere A) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2 B) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 C) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 D) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 E) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 185-189

11) The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join at the: A) motor unit B) neuromuscular junction C) synaptic cleft D) action potential E) myofibril
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189

12) Which one of the following functions do calcium ions perform during skeletal muscle contraction: A) increase the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma B) release the inhibition on Z discs C) expose myosin binding sites on the actin D) cause ATP binding to actin E) bind to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 193

13) The mechanical force of contraction is generated by: A) shortening of the thick filaments B) shortening of the thin filaments C) a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones D) the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick filaments E) the temporary disappearance of thin filaments
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 192

14) Acetylcholine is: A) an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane B) a source of energy for muscle contraction C) a component of thick myofilaments D) an oxygen-binding protein E) a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

15) The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the: A) motor unit B) sarcomere C) neuromuscular junction D) synaptic cleft E) cross bridge
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

16) Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the: A) myofibrils B) motor unit C) thick filaments D) axon terminals of the motor neuron E) sarcolemma of the muscle cell
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

17) An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the: A) sarcolemma B) mitochondria C) intermediate filament network D) myofibrillar network E) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

18) During skeletal muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of: A) myosin filaments B) actin filaments C) Z discs D) thick filaments E) the H zone
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192

19) The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction is to: A) make and store phosphocreatine B) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments C) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process D) regulate intracellular calcium concentration E) store ATP
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

20) The striations that give skeletal muscle its characteristic striped appearance are produced, for the most part, by: A) a difference in the thickness of the sarcolemma B) the arrangement of myofilaments C) the sarcoplasmic reticulum D) the T tubules E) the "cocked" positions of the heads of the thick filaments
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

21) Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract: A) sodium ions rush into the cell B) acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium C) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell D) operation of the sodium-potassium pump E) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189-190

22) A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that: A) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response B) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli C) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky" D) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups E) the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 194

23) Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by: A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin B) forming a chemical compound with actin C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed E) storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as needed
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195

24) The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by: A) the all-or-none law B) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis C) insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption D) a total lack of ATP E) inadequate numbers of mitochondria
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195-196

25) Which one of the following muscle actions would NOT be classified as an ISOTONIC contraction: A) pushing against a stationary wall B) lifting a glass of water to your mouth C) writing a letter D) tying your shoe E) throwing a ball

26) Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without: A) ATP B) oxygen C) lactic acid D) carbon dioxide E) glucose
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 195

27) Which of these pathways to regenerate ATP during muscle activity is the fastest: A) direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate B) aerobic respiration C) anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation D) oxidative phosphorylation E) both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 195

28) The insertion of the gluteus maximus is the: A) sacrum B) tibia C) ilium D) calcaneus E) femur
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211

29) Which of the following muscles closes the jaw: A) the buccinator B) the masseter C) the frontalis D) the sternocleidomastoid E) the masseter and the temporalis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207

30) Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is not involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers: A) flexor carpi radialis B) flexor carpi ulnaris C) extensor digitorum D) extensor digitorum longus E) extensor carpi radialis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219

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31) Which of the following muscles inserts on the calcaneus: A) the semitendinosus B) the sartorius C) the tibialis anterior D) the soleus E) the iliopsoas
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 214; 219

32) Which one of the following does NOT compress the abdomen: A) internal oblique B) external oblique C) transversus abdominis D) latissimus dorsi E) rectus abdominis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 209

33) A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the: A) pectoralis major B) occipitalis C) gastrocnemius D) gluteus medius E) latissimus dorsi
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208

34) A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the: A) platysma B) masseter C) zygomaticus D) buccinator E) temporalis
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 207

35) Which of these muscles is not responsibile for flexion or extension of the arm? A) biceps brachii B) triceps brachii C) brachialis D) platysma E) latissimus dorsi
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 210; 211

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36) A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n): A) antagonist only B) fixator only C) synergist only D) antagonist and synergist E) antagonist and fixator
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202

37) Which of the following muscles is not involved in dorsiflexion and/or plantar flexion of the foot: A) gastrocnemius B) tibialis anterior C) extensor digitorum longus D) soleus E) iliopsoas
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 212; 214

38) Which one of the following is the action of the orbicularis oris: A) closes, purses, and protrudes the lips B) pulls the lower lip down and back C) draws the eyebrows together D) allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye E) closes the jaw
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 207

39) Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh: A) biceps femoris B) vastus medialis C) vastus lateralis D) vastus intermedius E) iliopsoas and rectus femoris
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 212; 214

40) Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint: A) deltoid B) biceps brachii C) triceps brachii D) latissimus dorsi E) pectoralis major
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210

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41) Which of the following muscles adducts the thigh: A) peroneus muscles B) gluteus maximus C) sartorius D) quadriceps group E) adductor muscles
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 214

42) While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called: A) extension B) flexion C) abduction D) adduction E) circumduction
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 199

43) Which of the following muscles are antagonists: A) biceps brachii and triceps brachii B) bicpes femoris and biceps brachii C) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis D) masseter and temporalis E) gastrocnemius and soleus
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 211

44) Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee: A) hamstring muscle group B) gluteal muscle group C) gastrocnemius D) sartorius E) iliopsoas
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 214

45) Which one of the following is NOT a criteria generally used in naming muscles: A) relative size of the muscle B) number of origins of the muscle C) shape of the muscle D) method of attachment of the muscle to bone E) action of the muscle
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204

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Matching
Match the following: 1) The distance between two Z discs
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188

A) I band B) myosin filaments C) actin filaments D) Z discs E) sarcomere F) H zone G) A band

2) Otherwise known as thick filaments

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

3) Contains only the actin filaments

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188

4) Both actin and myosin are found in this band

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187-188

5) The type of filament that is studded with myosin heads

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

6) Tiny contractile unit that shortens during muscle contraction

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187; 192

7) Actin filaments are anchored to these disclike membranes

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189

8) Lighter central portion of the A band

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187

Match the following: 9) Serves as the actual "go" signal for muscle contraction
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 193

A) creatine phosphate B) acetylcholine C) enzymes

10) Neurotransmitter substance released at motor end plates by the motor neuron
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

D) potassium ions E) calcium ions F) aerobic respiration G) anaerobic respiration 14

11) Normally stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189

12) A metabolic pathway that produces water, carbon dioxide, and ATP, and provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 195

H) sodium ions

13) A reserve, high-energy compound used to convert ADP to ATP by the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 195

14) Destroys acetylcholine (ACh)

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190

Match the following: 15) Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

A) supination

B) extension C) pronation D) rotation

16) Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202

E) adduction F) flexion G) abduction

17) The movement of a limb toward the body midline

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

18) Type of movement that increases the angle of the joint

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

19) The movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

20) The movement of a limb away from the body midline

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 199

22) Primary action of the deltoid

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210

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23) Primary action of the adductor muscles

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 214

24) Primary action of the erector spinae

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210

25) Primary action of the rectus abdominis

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