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Forces lec ( 10 ) |petroleum

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Forces lec ( 10 )

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Tubular Forces
Determining the stress levels that the completion string and components will be subjected to, under the best and worst conditions, is a critical step in completion design. Properly assessing the length and force changes will avoid premature failures and costly remedial operations. Temperature Pressure Weight Fluid gradients Friction

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Tubing Forces

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Each completion will have a variety of downhole conditions which affect the total design, choice of downhole tools and the operation of the completion components once in place. Changes in temperature, pressure, applied weight, fluid gradients and friction are a few of the variables that must be considered. The choice of completion equipment not only must meet minimum stress requirements, but they themselves contribute directly to these stress calculations. The illustration in Fig 7-1 summarizes the principal variables that need to be considered in a completion operation.For more detailed discussion on basic forces refer to the Completions Hydraulics Handbook.

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Factors Influencing Completion String Length and Force Changes

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Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysic

Length and Force Changes

The most important aspect when evaluating a packer installation is the determination of the length and force changes due to varying pressures and temperatures. When the magnitude and direction of these length and force changes have been calculated, this information can then be used as shown below. To aid in the packer selection process To determine if tubing damage will occur To determine the proper spacing-out procedure for the packer and completion components There are four different effects which create length and force changes. Each of these effects must be analyzed and combined to assess the total effect for any packer installation. Piston effect Buckling effect Ballooning effect Temperature effect This piston effect, bucking effect and ballooning effect result from pressure changes in the system. The temperature effect is related only to temperature change and is not affected by pressure changes. While some effects are related to each other, each must be calculated individually. Each calculated effect will be a magnitude and direction. Once each effect is known, they are combined to obtain the total effect. The decision to add or subtract when combining is based on the direction that each effect (resultant force) acts. The approach used to evaluate packer installation problems will depend on the type of tubing-to-packer hookup being considered. If the packer system will not permit length change in the direction of the total effect, then the packer installation is evaluated by calculating the force changes. If the packer system permits length change in the direction of the total effect, then the calculation would be as a length change.

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Piston Effect
See Completions Hydraulics Handbook

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Forces lec ( 10 ) |petroleum

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