2 Final ESIA Alaba Hosana Wolkite Jimma Agar Bedele

FEDERALDEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFETHIOPIA
ETHIOPIANELECTRICPOWERCORPORATION(EEPCO)
ENVIRONMETNAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT (ESIA) FOR ALABAHOSSAINAWELKITE&GILGELGIBEI(SEKORU)JIMMA AGAROBEDELE230kV POWERTRANSMISSIONPROJECT
FINAL REPORT
Preparedby CorporatePlanningProcess PowersystemplanningOffice EnvironmentalandSocialexperts September,2010
Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo
AlabaHossainaWelkite&GilgelGibeI(Sekoru)JimmaAgaro Bedele230kVPowerTransmissionProject
TableofContents
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1 OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................................1 THEESIATEAM....................................................................................................................................2 METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................................4 PROJECTDESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................5 PROJECTJUSTIFICATION.......................................................................................................................7 POLICY,LEGAL,INSTITUTIONALANDADMINISTRATIVEREQUIREMENTS..........................................7
VII.1. NATIONALPOLICIESANDSTRATEGIES............................................................................................................7 VII.2. ENVIRONMENTALPOLICYOFETHIOPIA(EPE) .................................................................................................9 . VII.3. SECTORALENVIRONMENTALPOLICIES............................................................................................................9 VII.4. CONSERVATIONSTRATEGYOFETHIOPIA(CSE)................................................................................................9 VII.5. ENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATION...................................................................................................................10 VII.5.1. EnvironmentalImpactassessmentproclamation(NO.299/2002)...........................................10 VII.5.2. ProclamationonInstitutionalArrangementforEnvironmentalProtection...........................11 VII.5.3. ProclamationonEnvironmentalPollutionControl....................................................................12 VII.5.4. LegalFrameworkforExpropriationandCompensation...........................................................12
VII.5.4.1. VII.5.4.2. VII.5.4.3. VII.5.4.4. LandTenure.........................................................................................................................................12 Expropriation.......................................................................................................................................13 Compensation......................................................................................................................................13 EEPCosStrategyforExpropriationandCompensation.......................................................................14
VII.6. MULTILATERALAGREEMENTS...................................................................................................................14 VII.7. INTERNATIONALBANKSREQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................15 VII.7.1. TheAfricanDevelopmentBank.................................................................................................15 VII.8. INSTITUTIONALANDADMINISTRATIVEFRAMEWORKS......................................................................................17 VII.8.1. FederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia..................................................................................17 VII.8.2. RegionalGovernments..............................................................................................................17 VII.8.3. MinistryofMinesandEnergy(MoME).....................................................................................18 VII.8.4. EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority(EPA)................................................................................18 VII.8.5. EnvironmentalProtection,LandAdministrationandUseAuthorityofSNNPRSandOromiya regionalstates .............................................................................................................................................18 . VII.8.6. EthiopianElectricPowerCorporation.......................................................................................18
VII.8.6.1. PowerSystemPlanningofEEPCo........................................................................................................19
VII.9. VIII. IX.
RELEVANTGUIDELINE...............................................................................................................................21 ANALYSISOFALTERNATIVES........................................................................................................... 1 2
ANALYSISOFTHEEXISTINGENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 2 . 2
XI.1. SOCIOECONOMICENVIRONMENT..............................................................................................................22 XI.2. POPULATIONANDDEMOGRAPHICCHARACTERISTICS......................................................................................22 XI.3. ETHNICCOMPOSITION..............................................................................................................................23 XI.4. SETTLEMENTPATTERN,HOUSINGANDHOUSEHOLDECONOMY..........................................................................23 XI.5. SOCIALSERVICES.....................................................................................................................................23 XI.6. PHYSICALENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................................24 . IX.6.1. Topography...............................................................................................................................24
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IX.6.2. Climate......................................................................................................................................24 IX.6.3. GeologyandSoils......................................................................................................................24 IX.6.4. Drainagelines...........................................................................................................................24 IX.6.5. Landuse....................................................................................................................................25 XI.7. BIOLOGICALENVIRONMENT.......................................................................................................................25 IX.7.1. Flora..........................................................................................................................................25 IX.7.2. Fauna........................................................................................................................................26 X. SITEVISITREPORT............................................................................................................................... 6 2 X.1. PUBLICCONSULTATIONANDDISCLOSURE.........................................................................................26 X.2. CONTACTEDOFFICES................................................................................................................................28 X.2.1. EthiopianWildlifeConservationAuthority/EWCA/.......................................................................28 X.2.2. MinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment/MoARD/,NaturalResourceManagement.......29 X.2.3. InstituteofBiodiversityConservationandResearch .....................................................................30 . X.2.4. OromiyaForestandWildlifeEnterprise/OFWE/...........................................................................31 X.2.5. EnvironmentandCoffeeForestForum/ECFF/ ..............................................................................32 . X.2.6. EthiopianWildlifeandNaturalHistorySociety/EWNHS/ .............................................................33 . X.3. DISCLOSURE...........................................................................................................................................34 X.4. SYNTHESISOFRESOURCESVALUE................................................................................................................35 XI. ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIOECONOMICIMPACTS............................................................................ 6 3
XI.1. SOCIOECONOMICIMPACTS.......................................................................................................................36 XI.1.1. ImpactsonResidentialAreasandCommunityServices............................................................36 XI.1.2. ImpactsonCropProduction......................................................................................................37 XI.1.3. ImpactsonCultural,HistoricalandArchaeologicalSites..........................................................41 XI.1.4. ImpactsonHealthandSafety...................................................................................................41
XI.1.4.1. XI.1.4.2. XI.1.4.3. XI.1.4.4. XI.1.4.5. XI.1.4.6. XI.1.4.7. DustEmission.......................................................................................................................................41 Noise....................................................................................................................................................41 SexuallyTransmittedInfections(STIs).................................................................................................41 OtherInfectiousDiseases....................................................................................................................42 PublicSafety ........................................................................................................................................42 . ElectroMagneticFields(EMF).............................................................................................................43 EffectsofPolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs).........................................................................................44
XI.1.5. WomenandVulnerableGroups................................................................................................45 IX.6.1. SubstanceAbuse.......................................................................................................................46 XI.2. IMPACTSONPHYSICALENVIRONMENT.........................................................................................................47 XI.2.1. ImpactsonLandUse.................................................................................................................47 XI.2.2. ImpactsonSoil..........................................................................................................................48 XI.2.3. ImpactsonAirQuality...............................................................................................................48 XI.3. IMPACTSONBIOLOGICALENVIRONMENT.....................................................................................................49 XI.3.1. Flora..........................................................................................................................................49 XI.3.2. Fauna........................................................................................................................................49 XI.3.3. ImpactsonBirds........................................................................................................................49 XI.3.4. ImpactsonNationalParksandReserveArea...........................................................................50 XI.3.5. Impactsonbiodiversity.............................................................................................................50 XII. XIII. SYNTHESISOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACT....................................................................................... 0 5 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN(EMP)............................................................................... 2 5
XIII.1. GENERAL...............................................................................................................................................52 XIII.2. INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENT..................................................................................................................52 XIII.3. PRECONSTRUCTIONPHASE.......................................................................................................................52 XIII.4. CONSTRUCTIONPHASE.............................................................................................................................53 XIII.5. OPERATIONPHASE..................................................................................................................................53 XIII.6. SOCIOECONOMICIMPACTS......................................................................................................................53 XIII.6.1. Compensation...........................................................................................................................53
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XIII.6.2. XIII.6.3.
ImpactsonResidentialPlacesandCommunityServices...........................................................54 HealthandSafety......................................................................................................................54
XIII.6.3.1. Safety...................................................................................................................................................54 XIII.6.3.2. HazardousMaterials............................................................................................................................55 XIII.6.3.3. PCBsChemicals....................................................................................................................................55 XIII.6.3.4. Health..................................................................................................................................................55 XIII.6.3.4.1. DustNuisance...............................................................................................................................55 XIII.6.3.4.2. Noise.............................................................................................................................................55 XIII.6.3.4.3. SexuallyTransmittedInfections(STIs)..........................................................................................56 XIII.6.3.4.4. OtherInfectiousDiseases.............................................................................................................56
XIII.7. BIOPHYSICALENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................................57 XIII.7.1. VegetationClearance................................................................................................................57 XIII.7.2. ProtectionofVegetation...........................................................................................................57 XIII.7.3. ErosionControlMeasures.........................................................................................................57 XIII.7.4. WaterPollution.........................................................................................................................57 XIII.7.5. WasteManagement.................................................................................................................58 XIII.7.6. ReinstatementofServices.........................................................................................................58 XIII.7.7. LossofTrees..............................................................................................................................58 XIII.7.8. Revegetation............................................................................................................................58 XIV. ENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPLAN............................................................................................ 1 7 SOILEROSIONMONITORING......................................................................................................................71 MONITORINGOFVEGETATIONCLEARING.....................................................................................................71 MONITORINGOFACCIDENTS/HEALTH.........................................................................................................71 10.4MONITORINGRESPONSIBILITIES..........................................................................................................72 10.5MONITORINGINDICATORS.................................................................................................................72
XIV.1. XIV.2. XIV.3. XIV.4. XIV.5. XV. XVI.
ESTIMATEDMITIGATIONANDMONITORINGCOSTS........................................................................ 4 7 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................. 4 7
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ANNEXI ANNEXII ANNEXIII
PublicconsultationMinutesofmeeting RelevantProclamations ListofcontactOffices
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I. INTRODUCTION The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo) is mandated by the Government of Ethiopia to generate, transmit, distribute and sale of electric energy through out the country. Theexistingtransmissionsystemcomprisesatotalofabout10,884.23kmoftransmission lines of which 685.72 km is 400kV voltage level 3,739.64km are at the 230 kV level4185.59kmareatthe132kVlevel,1886.54kmareat66kVand386.79kmareat45 kVlevelintheICSsystemandtherest245.3kminSCS. EEPCo as per its development plan is now intending to transmit electric power through 230kVtransmissionlinefrom: AlabaHossanaWolkite(128.7kmroutelength) GiIgelGibeIJimma(65.6kmroutelength) JimmaAgaroBedele(120.7kmroutelength) The prime purpose this power transmission project is to provide sustainable power for theregionalstatesofSouthernPeoplesandNationalities(SNNPR)andOromia.Therefore, it is purposed to replace theexisting aged wooden pole of 132 kV transmission lines by upgradingto230kVlevelsteeltowerlinesoastomaintainareliablepowersupplyinthe areas. ThisESIAstudywascarriedoutalongtheabovementionedlinearsectionsoftheproject with respect to the requirements of the international financial institutions and the countriesenvironmentalpolicies,proclamations,rulesandregulationssoastoobtainthe maximumbenefitsfromtheproject. Thereportcoversthemajorenvironmentalandsocialimpacts,includingtheirmitigation measures and costs. The environmental and social management plan (ESMP) as a key portionofthereportisalsoincorporatedinthereport. All the preliminary information has already been collected particularly from the route surveysandfieldassessments.Publicconsultationsanddisclosureswerealsoconducted withkeystakeholdersincludingtheprojectaffectedcommunities. II. OBJECTIVES ThemajorobjectivesoftheESIAstudyare: To identify and assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposedproject.
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Toidentifyallpotentialsignificantadverseenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofthe proposedprojectandrecommendmeasuresformitigationmeasures.
To generate baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of how well the mitigationmeasureswillbeimplementedduringtheprojectcycle To recommend cost effective measures to be implemented to mitigate the expectedimpacts. To prepare an environmental impact assessment report compliant to the EIA ProclamationNo299/2002
III. THEESIATEAM A team consisting of members of the environmental and social experts of the power system planning of EEPCo was constituted and took the responsibilities to conduct the ESIAstudyalongtheproposedrouteandpreparetheReport. Accordinglythefollowingteammemberswereparticipatedintheassessment: Mr.yohannesyosephEnvironmentalist Ms.FikirteKebedeSociologist Mr.kassayeGobeSurveyor
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Fig9TheAssessmentTeam
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IV. METHODOLOGY ForthepurposesofthisESIAstudy,thefollowingstudyprocedurewaspursued: Discussions with EEPCo Representatives : Discussions were held with relevant staff of EEPCoespeciallywiththepowersystemplanningHead,EngineeringDepartmentandthe transmission Construction CEO. In the discussion, the team has discussed on the major issues that most require further explanation in the projects feasibility study. The team alsoobtainedmapsandthefeasibilitystudyreportsoftheproject. Collection of data from the projects report; the project report includes the feasibility reportsandusedasoneofthesourcesofsecondarydatainformation. Some back ground information regarding EEPCos development status including the existingtransmissionlinedevelopmentswerealsoobtainedfromtheReport.Theproject descriptionisalsodevelopedisbasedontheprojectsfeasibilityreport. Fieldworksandpublicconsultations:Siteinvestigationsweremadetocomprehendthe existing biophysical environment and have key baseline information along the proposed entire route. Data on hydrology, topography, soils, climate, land use, flora and fauna, settlement,historicalandculturalsites,developmentinfrastructures,etc,werecollected. Public consultation and disclosure meetings were conducted on the project sample areas.TheviewsandattitudesofprojectAffectedpeople(PAPs)weredulyconsideredas part of the ESIA process (please refer to the Amharic version of minutes of meetings attached in ANNEXI). The public consultation as an on going phenomenon will be undertakenthroughouttheimplementationofthisproject. Discussionswiththerelevantstakeholdersingovernmentsectorswerealsoheldtomake sure that the proposed development project is in conformity with the Regional sectoral policiesandstrategies. Data analysis and impact prediction: all the necessary data were analyzed and the significantimpacts(boththeadverseandpositiveimpacts)werepredictedaccordingly. The identified impacts were described both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The nationalandinternationalenvironmentalstandards,checklists,environmentalguidelines wereusedtoanalyzethemagnitudeofthepotentialimpacts. Formulation of an environmental and social management plan (ESMP): all possible interventions to minimize, reduce, offset or avoid the identified adverse impacts were evaluatedandpresentedasanimpactmitigationplanoftheproposeddevelopment.The ESMPincludesthedevelopmentofmonitoringandevaluationprocedurestoensurethat theproposedmitigationmeasuresarecompliedaccordingly. Produce a draft ESIA report: A draft ESIA report would be produced and be floated for review. Then the final ESIA report would be developed after incorporating the due comments
V.
PROJECTDESCRIPTION
The proposed transmission line project is located the Regional States of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNPR) and Oromiya. It traverses some eleven districts(woredas).
Thelineisalsosupposetomakeastronginterlinkbetweenthe132kVlinesonthesouth westandthe400kVlinesoncentralsouthpartofthecountryaswellasthefuturepower plantssuchasGojebandHaleleWerabessa,
According to the projects feasibility study, the project is purposed to replace the aged wooden pole type of 132 kV transmission line by upgrading to 230 kV Steel Tower TransmissionlinesoastosecureareliablepowertransmissiongeneratedfromGiIgelGibe I.HydroElectricPowerPlant.
The remaining AlabaHossanaWolkite is designed as a new line route to link the load centersatHossainaAlabaandWolkitetothesoutheastofpartofthecountry.
The transmission line as a whole covers about 315 km route length. The towers from Alaba substation to Bedele substation will be of the double circuit self supported steel latticetype.
Thetotalprojectcostisestimatedabout1.1BillionUSD.
Average tower span is expected 350 meters which totally requires erecting about 900 pylons. The project will also involve upgrading, extending the existing substations of Alaba,Hosaina,Agaro,Bedele,wolkiteandGilgelgibeandconstructionanewsubstationat Jimma. Theircostisestimatedabout42.3millionUSD.
Existing132kVwoodenHpole
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AlabaHossainaWelkite&GilgelGibe I(Sekoru)JimmaAgaroBedele230kV PowerTransmissionProject Location Map
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Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo
VI.
PROJECTJUSTIFICATION
Theneedanddemandofelectricservicesinthecountrynowadaysishighlyincreasingin almosteverysectorfromthesmallruralvillagesandtownstotheheavyindustries.The currentaccesstoelectricityisabout15% EEPCothusmakingpainstakingeffortstogenerateandtransmitelectricpowertomeetthe increasingenergydemandsinthecountry. Specifictotheprojectareas,mostofthesocialservicesparticularlythehealth,education and water development services are found quiet limited due to inadequate and little supplyofelectricity.TheProjectthereforeisvitalinimprovingtheexistinginfrastructures tothelevelofprovidingadequateservicestothecommunities. VII. POLICY,LEGAL,INSTITUTIONALANDADMINISTRATIVEREQUIREMENTS A high voltage power transmission line project activities have substantial detrimental environmentaleffects.suchactivitieshavebeenidentifiedinthegeneralguidelineforEIA section3asscheduleIprojectwhichneedsconductingafullEIA.Priortoundertakesuch activities, a written authorization is issued by the FEPA or by a competent authority designatedassuchbyminister.
The general guidelines for EIA states that While carrying out any development activity it shallbecarriedoutinsuchamannerthatwillprotectthewelfareofhumanbeingaswell as sustainably protect, develop and utilize resource basis on which they depend for survival.
Thisenvironmentalimpactassessmentreportaimstoassisttheproponentwithfollowing thecorrectlegalprocedureasrequiredbyEPA. The EIA is conducted in compliance with national and international policies and procedures.
VII.1. NationalPoliciesandStrategies
As the supreme law of Ethiopia, all national policies, laws and regulations as well as the institutional frameworks of the country must comply with the constitutional provisions. TheconstitutionoftheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia,ProclamationNo.1/1995, containsanumberofarticles,whicharerelevanttoenvironmentalmattersinconnection withdevelopmentprojects,aswellastotheenvironmentingeneral. APlanforAcceleratedandSustainableDevelopmenttoEndPoverty(PASDEP,200510)is one of the key official documents containing sectoral policies and strategies for
development. Asweshallseeinthefollowingsectionthepowersectorpolicyandstrategyandpoverty reduction program which contains issues related to the over all countries development strategies. The long term strategy of EEPCO is to support the federal government of Ethiopia in promotingsocialandeconomicprogressinthecountry.Tomeetthisstrategicgoal,EEPCO has,amongothers,thefollowingpolicies: To promote the development within the country of competitively priced and environmentallysustainableelectricitygenerationprojects Promoteexploitationofindigenousenergysources, Andtopromotetheparticipationoftheprivatesectorinthepowerdevelopment. PASDEPrecognizeselectricitybothasaninputtothegrowthofthemodernsectoraswell asaningredienttotheoverallsocialandeconomictransformationofthenation.Italso recognizestherolethatelectricitycanplayinbreakingtheviciouscircleofenergypoverty. One of the key factors that led to poverty in Ethiopia is a heavy dependant on rain fed agricultureandrelianceontraditionalskillsandbackwardtechniqueofproductionthese facts highly correlated with the provision of electricity to rural areas. the supply of electricitywillenabletheruralpoortouseirrigationpumpsandtherebyproducinghigher out put and increase their income which is highly crucial to poverty reduction .it also createinvestmentopportunityindifferenteconomicsectorsuchasfood,chemical,and metallicandnonmetallicindustries. Cognizant of the role of the power sector for accelerated growth, the government of Ethiopia , through EEPCo has embarked upon a plan to increases power supply from its currentlevelof791MegaWATS(MW)toabout2218by2009/10. One of the key component of the power development program during PASDEP is beginning of a massive rural electrification development program under the universal electrification access program (UEAP) .the UEAP envisage extending the access to electricitytosome24millionpeople.Thisisexpectedtoincreaseelectricityaccessfrom thecurrent15%to50%ofthecountrywithinthefiveyearsofPASDEP.Thepowersector program during aims to build 11 hydro power generation stations with a total installed capacitytoabout4.1GigaWatt.NearlyhalfofthiscapacityisexpectedfromtheGibeIII project. The power produced at Gibe III (i.e. 1870 MW power house) will be delivered to inter connectedsystem(ICS)through400kVdoubleandsinglecircuittransmissionline.

VII.2. EnvironmentalPolicyofEthiopia(EPE)
Another important policy instrument that demonstrate the Ethiopian government commitmentoftheenvironmentalandaddressissuesrelatetothedevelopmentprojects isEnvironmentalPolicyofEthiopia(EPE) The Environmental Policy (EPE) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was approvedbytheCouncilofMinistersinApril1997(EPA/MEDAC1997).Itisbasedonthe CSE,whichwasdevelopedthroughaconsultationprocessovertheperiod19891995. Thepolicyhasthebroadaimofrectifyingpreviouspolicyfailuresanddeficiencies,whichin the past have led to serious environmental degradation. It is fully integrated and compatible with the overall long term economic development strategy of the country, known as Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), and other key national policiesliketheNationalPopulationPolicyandtheNationalPolicyonWomen. EPEs over all policy goals may be summarized in terms of the improvement and enhancement of the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and the promotion of sustainable social and economic development through the adoption of sound environmentalmanagementprinciples. Specific policy objectives and key guiding principles are set out clearly in the EPE, and expand on various aspects of the overall goal. The policy contains sectoral and cross sectoral policies and also has provisions required for the appropriate implementation of thepolicyitself.
VII.3. SectoralEnvironmentalPolicies Among the sectoral policies, the wildlife policy is the one developed by the Ministry of Agriculture aiming to preserve, develop and sustainably utilize the countries wildlife resources. Water resource policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards theefficientandoptimumutilizationoftheavailablewaterresourcesforsocioeconomic development on sustainable bases. The policy is to establish and institutionalize environmental conservation and protection requirements as internal parts of water resourcesplanningandprojectdevelopment. VII.4. ConservationStrategyofEthiopia(CSE) Sincetheearly1990s,theFederalGovernmenthasundertakenanumberofinitiativesto develop regional, national and sectoral strategies for environmental conservation and protection. Paramount amongst these was CSE, approved by the Council of Ministers, whichprovidedastrategicframeworkforintegratingenvironmentalplanningintonewand existingpolicies,programsandprojects.TheCSEprovidesacomprehensiveandrational
approach to environmental management in a very broad sense, covering national and regionalstrategies,sectoralandcrosssectoralstrategy,actionplansandprograms,aswell asprovidingthebasisfordevelopmentofappropriateinstitutionalandlegalframeworks forimplementation. Based on CSE, the SNNP Regional State have already developed Conservation Strategy document for its respective regions. The document gives details about environmental issues prevalent in the territory and outlining how the environmental issues to be addressed.
VII.5. EnvironmentalLegislation
VII.5.1. EnvironmentalImpactassessmentproclamation(NO.299/2002)
This proclamation (No299/2002) aims primarily at making environmental impact assessment(EIA)mandatoryforcategoriesofprojectsspecifiedunderadirectiveissuedby the authority whether such projects belong to public or private bodies . The authority issued several directives subjecting categories of projects to environmental impact assessment. The proclamation describes a policy, strategy, program, laws or an internationalagreementaspublicinstrumentanddirectstheauthoritytoissueguidelines distinctivelyclassifyingcertaincategoriesofpublicinstrumentaslikelytoentailsignificant environmentalimpact.Theproclamationrequires,amongothers: SpecifiedcategoriesofprojectstobesubjectedtoEIAandreceiveanauthorization from the authority or the relevant regional environmental agencies prior to commencingimplementationoftheproject Licensing agencies to ensure that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior to issuing an investment permit, a trade or operation license or a workpermittoabusinessorganization. The authority or the relevant regional environmental agencies may exempt from environmentalimpactassessmentprojectswithinsignificantenvironmentalimpact , Alicensingagencymaysuspendorcancelaleniencethathasalreadybeenissued wheretheenvironmentalauthorization. Thedutiesoftheproponentdescribedintheproclamationare: Mustundertakeatimelyenvironmentalimpactassessment,identifyingthelikely adverse impacts, incorporate the means of their prevention, and submit the environmental impact study report accompanied by the necessary documents to theauthorityortherelevantregionalenvironmentalagency. Mustsubmitanenvironmentalimpactstudyreporttotheauthorityortherelevant regionalenvironmentalagencyforreview. The proclamation also directs the authorities and the relevant regional environmental
agencieshowtodealwithanenvironmentalimpactassessmentreporttheyreceives.Thus afterevaluatingthereportbytakingintoaccountanypubliccommentandexpertopinion theauthorityortherelevantregionalenvironmentalagencymustdooneofthefollowing: Approvetheprojectwithoutconditionandissueauthorizationifitissatisfiedthat theprojectmaynotcausenegativeimpact, Approve the project and issue authorization with condition that must be met in ordertoreduceadverseimpacttoinsignificantimpacts,or Refuse implementation of the project if the negative impact cannot be satisfactorilyavoided VII.5.2. ProclamationonInstitutionalArrangementforEnvironmentalProtection The proclamation for the establishment of Environmental Protection Organs, No. 295/2002, was issued to establish a system that fosters coordinated but differentiated responsibilitiesamongEnvironmentalProtectionAgenciesatFederalandRegionallevels. The proclamation recognizes assigning responsibilities to separate organizations for environmental development and management activities on the one hand, and environmentalprotection,regulationsandmonitoringontheotherisinstrumentalforthe sustainableuseofenvironmentalresources,therebyavoidingpossibleconflictsofinterests andduplicationofefforts. The over arching goal of the EPE is the improvement of the health and quality of all Ethiopianandthepromotionofsustainablesocialandeconomicdevelopmentthroughthe adoption of sound environmental management principles. To respond the above mentionedobjectivesEPAhasgivenamandatebylaw.Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthe EPAistoissueaseriesofguidelinesneededtofulfillitsduties.Proceduralenvironmental impactassessmentguidelinewhichissuedin2003isrelevantforthisassessment. According to the guideline for environmental impact assessment, EPA 2003, Proposals requiringEIAhavebeenincludedinschedule1andschedule2.proposalswhichwouldhave nosignificantimpactanddoesntrequireEIAarecategorizeasschedule3. Schedule1PowerprojectsthatneedEIAare: Hydropowerhavingdamsover15metersandancillarystructurescoveringatotal areainexcessof20hectaresand/orreservoirwithasurfaceareainexcessof250 hectareanddisplacementof100 Thermalpowerstationsandothercombustioninstallationwithaheatoutputof 100megawattormore Highpowertransmissionline Constructionofcombinedcyclepowerstation
Largebiomassenergyusingplants Schedule 2 power projects whose type, scale or other relevant characteristics have potential to cause some significant environmental impacts but not likely to warrant an environmentalimpactstudy. Thermal power stations and othercombustion installations with a heat output of lessthan300megawatts Electricitytransmissionlines Hydropowerprojectshavingdamheightlessthan15metersandreservoirswitha surfacearealessthan250hectares VII.5.3. ProclamationonEnvironmentalPollutionControl The proclamation on Environmental Pollutions Control No.300/2002 is mainly based on the right of each citizen to live in a healthy environment, as well as the obligation to protect theenvironment of the country. The primary objective of the proclamation is to providethebasisfromwhichtherelevantambientenvironmentalstandardsapplicableto Ethiopiacanbedeveloped,andtomakethevaluationofthesestandardsapunishableact. The proclamation states that the polluter pays principle will be applied to all persons. Under this proclamation, EPA is given the authority to ensure implementation and enforcementofenvironmentalstandardsandrelatedrequirementtoinspectorsassigned byEPAorRegionalEnvironmentalAgencies. VII.5.4. LegalFrameworkforExpropriationandCompensation VII.5.4.1. LandTenure.
Land in Ethiopia is state owned by proclamation No.31/1975 issued to deal with government ownership of rural land and proclamation No. 47/1975 issued to cover Governmentownershipofurbanland,underarticle3(1)ofthefirstproclamation,allrural landshallbethecollectivepropertyoftheEthiopianPeople. InDecember1994thenewconstitutionretainedlandunderthecontrolofthepeopleand governmentofEthiopia.Article40statesthatownershipofbothurbanandrurallandis vestedinthestateandthepeople,andiscommonproperty,whichisnotsubjecttosaleor othermeansofexchange.Peasantshavetherighttoobtainlandwithoutpaymentandare protectedagainstevictionfromlandintheirpossession.
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VII.5.4.2.
Expropriation
The Constitution also guarantees people whose livelihood is land based and pastoralists the right to have access to land as well as the protection against eviction from their possession(Article40.4and40.5).Onarticle40.8,italsostatesthat;privatepropertymay be expropriated for public use subject to payment in advance of compensation commensuratetothevalueoftheproperty. In July 2005, the Government of Ethiopia has issued a new proclamation entitled, Proclamation to provide for the expropriation of land holdings for public purposes and paymentofcompensationproclamationNo.455/2005.Thisnewproclamationhasseveral articles on determination of compensation, on displacement compensation, valuation procedures,propertyvaluationcommittees,andoncomplaintsandappealsinrelationto compensation. In part two, article 3, No.1 of the proclamation states that; A Woreda or an urban administrationshall,uponpaymentinadvanceofcompensationinaccordancewiththis proclamation,hasthepowertoexpropriateruralorurbanlandholdingsforpublicpurpose whereitbelievesthatitshouldbeusedforabetterdevelopmentprojecttobecarriedout bypublicentities,privateinvestors,cooperativesocietiesorotherorgans,orwheresuch expropriationhasbeendecidebytheappropriatehigherregionalorfederalgovernment organforthesamepurpose. Proclamation No. 455/2005 provides a better displacement compensation for rural land holdingscomparedtopreviouslaws. Inpart3ofarticle8itstatesthat: A rural land holder whose land holding has been permanently expropriated shall, in addition to the compensation payable under Article 7 of this proclamation, be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual incomehesecuredduringthefiveyearsprecedingtheexpropriationoftheland. TheproclamationalsostatesthatinurbanareasPAPswillbeprovidedwithaplotofland (landforlandcompensation)fortheirexpropriatedlandtobeusedfortheconstructionof house,andalsobepaidwithcompensationfordisplacement. VII.5.4.3. Compensation
Regardingthedeterminationofcompensationinpartthree,article7ofthisproclamation (ProclamationNo.455/2005),thebasisandamountofcompensationisclearlyexplained. In article of sub article 1, a land holder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and for permanentimprovementshemadesuchland. Article 7(2) states that the amount of compensation for property situated on the expropriatedlandshallbedeterminedonthebasisofreplacementcostoftheproperty.
UnderArticle8(1)ofproclamation455/2005asurvivallandholderwhoselandholdinghas been permanently expropriated shall in addition to the compensation payable under Article 7 of this proclamation is paid displacement compensation, which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured to bring the five years precedingtheexpropriationsoftheland. AllPAPsandorganizations(whetherpublicorprivate)thatlosshouses,cropsorsourcesof incomewillbecompensatedorrehabilitatedaccordingtothetypesandamountoftheir losses. The cutoffdate for compensation eligibility will be set once all detailed measurementshavebeencompleted;compensationwillalsonotbepaidforanystructure elected, or crops and trees planted purely for the purpose of gaining additional compensation.Cultivatingland,constructingsettlementinprojectaffectedareasafterthe cutoffdatewillnotbeeligibleforcompensationorsubsidies. VII.5.4.4. EEPCosStrategyforExpropriationandCompensation
ItistheobjectiveofEEPCotoavoidorreducetheenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofits power projects to a minimum level. If adverse social impacts to be occurred are unavoidable, EEPCo then will open consultation with PAPs and perform legal compensationforlossofalltheirproperties.Toachievethesocialmitigationgoal,EEPCo willallocateadequatebudgetforcompensationbeforetheprojectimplementation.EEPCo inconsultationwiththeadministrationsofRegionalStateGovernments,Zones,Woredas and Kebele Associations shall establish property valuation committees as per the proclamationNo.455/2005.Itistheproject'sprimetasktoinitiatetheestablishmentof propertyvaluationcommitteetoproperlyimplementcompensationpaymentforPAPson timebeforethestartoftheprojectconstructionactivities.
VII.6. MultilateralAgreements
TheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopiahasratifiedseveralinternationalconventionandprotocolsand theseincludes:
ViennaConventionandOzoneLayerProtection(1990) MontrealProtocolforSubstancesDepletingtheOzoneLayer(1990) ConventiononBiodiversity(Rioconvention)1997 FrameworkConventionofUnitedNationsonClimateChange(1997) Convention on the Control of Transboundary movement of Hazardous Substance(1987) AfricanConventionontheConservationofNatureandNaturalResources Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as waterfowl habitat(Ramsar) ConventiontoCombatDesertification ConventionConcerningtheProtectionofWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies(CITES) Stockholmconventiononpersistentorganicpollutants(PAPs,22ndmay2001)
VII.7. InternationalBanksRequirements The Regional Development Banks, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the African Development Bank (AfDB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), all have environmental policies and guidelines which in most respects resemblethoseoftheWorldBank. WorldbankODspecifiesthathighvoltagetransmissionlineprojectcanbecategorizeAor Bdependingontheanticipatedseverityofimpact,ascategoryAtransmissionprojectwill requireafullEIAasCategoryB,theywillonlyRequireamoremoderateenvironmental analysis. The Regional Development Banks use environmental screening to place projects as category A, B or C (ADB & EBRD) or as category I, II or III (AfDB). These categories are similarinprincipletothoseoftheWorldBankwithonlyminordifferencesbetweeneach Bank.ADBandEBRDproceduresaredevelopedfromtheWorldBankprocedures(Hydro powerdevelopment,Environmentaleffects,1995). WorldBankODspecifiesthattransmissionlineprojectscanbecategoryAorBdepending on the anticipated severity of the impact. On this basis, category A transmission line projects will require to conduct a full EIA and category B will only require moderate environmentalanalysis. Common to all Regional Development Banks including the World Bank is that the responsibility for meeting the environmental requirements rests on the hand of the borrower.TheEPAreportshallbecommissionedand/orcarriedoutbytheauthoritiesof the country seeking a loan. The Banks controversial projects have been controlled and providedadviceonhowtodealwithenvironmentalaspectsbyestablishingindependent expertpanels.
VII.7.1. TheAfricanDevelopmentBank
In January 2004 the AfDB Boards approved the new Bank Group Policy on the Environment, which incorporates and redefines the former policy on environmentally sustainabledevelopmentinAfrica. ThenewpolicyacknowledgesthattosustaineconomicgrowthinAfrica,thereisanurgent needtopreserveandenhancetheecologicalcapitalthatenrichessuchgrowth.Themain goalsofthenewpolicyareto: - Promotealongtermviewandperspectiveofeconomicandsocialdevelopment; - Reverse where possible and halt the impoverishment process in Africa by enhancingtheaccessofthepoortoenvironmentalresources; - HelpRegionalMemberCountries(RMCs)tobuildtheirenvironmentalmanagement capacity and sensitize policy makers on environmental issues and bring about institutionalchangestoachievesustainabledevelopment; - Reinforcetheexistingpartnershipswithinternationalinstitutionsandnetworkalso with regional and sub regional organizations to coordinate interventions in
environmentalsustainabledevelopment. Two guidelines relevant to the new Policy on the Environment were completed and disseminated in 2004, namely the Strategic Impact Assessment Guidelines (SIA) and the IntegratedEnvironmentalandSocialAssessmentGuidelines(IESA). The SIA is a systematic process of evaluating the environmental consequences of any proposedpolicy,planorprogram.Itisalsoatoolforassessingsocialandenvironmental sustainability of policybased lending, structural adjustment, and sector investment lending. The IESA Guidelines, on the other hand, are designed to ensure that both environmentalandsocialissuesaremainstreamedinBankprojectsthroughouttheproject cycle. In 2004 the Bank developed an Implementation Plan to execute its new Policy on the Environment.ThePlanseekstoensurethatastronganddiversifiedeconomywillcontinue to take account of environmental protection, and to guarantee that all developmental decisionmaking integrates economic, social, and environmental considerations. In addition, the Plan aims to ensure that environmental management tools, like strategies and project level environmental and social assessments, will be used systematically to monitorenvironmentalperformanceandencouragecommunityinvolvement. With regard to sustainable energy development, the Bank has identified the need to refocus its instruments and policy to deliver sustainable, reliable and environmentally friendlyenergythroughreplicableandscalablemechanismstopromotetheexploitationof availableenergyresources(renewableandnonrenewable);wideningenergyaccessibility for poverty reduction; mobilizing additional financial resources; capacity building; strengtheningstrategicpartnershipsandsynergies;andincreasedfocusonclimatechange adaptation. TheBankrecognizesthehighvalueofthepartnershipwiththeGlobalEnvironmentfacility (GEF) as this provides substantive opportunities to blend Bank lending for development projects(baselinefinancing)withgrantandconcessionaryfinancingfromGEFresourcesto protect the global environment in the areas of biodiversity, climate change (including adaptation),landdegradation,internationalwaters,ozonelayerdepletionandpersistent organicpollutants. TheEnvironmentalPolicysetsoutthebroadstrategicandpolicyframeworkunderwhich all Bank Group lending and nonlending operations will be made to promote environmentallysustainabledevelopmentinAfrica.Itsoverallgoalsaretwofold:firstly,to helpimprovethequalityoflifeofthepeopleofAfrica;andsecondly,tohelppreserveand enhancetheecologicalcapitalandlifesupportsystemsacrossthecontinentofAfrica. The development of the policy has been driven by a number of factors, including the recognition and acceptance of sustainable development as the dominant development paradigmforthe21stcentury;needforagreaterfocusonpropoorgrowthpoliciesand program to counter unacceptable impoverishment rates; rapid progress in the inevitable integration of Africa in the globalization process; and the need for an improved
governancewithaclearercommitmentofthemajorityofAfricangovernmentstoprovide the necessary leadership for sustainable development. The policy recognizes the considerableconstraintsfacingAfricabutalsoitsendowmentwithminerals,richfloraand faunaaswellaslargetractsofrainforest. To help implement the policy, the Bank leverages the considerable progress made in developing appropriate tools for effective mainstreaming of environmental sustainability issues in its operations. This includes using a set of approaches and developing/strengthening procedures and guidelines, with particular focus on the full enforcement of the Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for all lending operationsoftheBank. TheAfricanDevelopmentBankuseenvironmentalscreeningtoplaceaprojectascategory I, II or III (AfDB). This category is similar in principle to that of the World Bank with only minor differences between them. On this basis, category I transmission line projects will require to undertake full EIA study and for category II projects it will require moderate environmentalanalysisonly. There fore, according to the Banks guideline, The Alaba HossanaWolkiteGGIJimma AgaroBedeleTransmissionlineprojectisgroupedincategoryIprojectandneedstopass throughafullEIAprocess. TheAfricanDevelopmentBankurgesthattheresponsibilityformeetingtheenvironmental requirementsrestsonthehandoftheborrower.TheESIAreportshallbecommissioned and/orcarriedoutbytheauthoritiesofthecountryseekingaloan. VII.8. InstitutionalandAdministrativeFrameworks
Thefollowingparagraphsdiscusstheinstitutionalandadministrativeframeworksatthe federalandregionallevelandorganizationsresponsibleforthepreparationof environmentalpolicyandtechnicalguidelines. VII.8.1. FederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia TheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia(FDRE)comprisestheFederalStateandnine Regional State Members. The power and duties of the Federal, Regional and Local governmentshavebeendefinedbyproclamationnumbers33of1992and41of1993,and 4 of 1995. Under these proclamations, duties and responsibilities of Regional States includeplanning,directinganddevelopingsocialandeconomicdevelopmentprograms,as wellastheprotectionofnaturalresourcesoftheirrespectiveregions. VII.8.2. RegionalGovernments
TheSouthernNationNationalitiesandPeopleRegionalGovernmentandOromiyaregional statesaretheregionalstateestablishedbytheFederalGovernment.Theproposedpower transmissionlineexpansionprojectofAlabaHossanaWolkiteGGIJimmaAgaroBedele isfullylocatedinthis TwoRegionalState.The RegionshaveZonesandWoredas. Within

each Woreda there are Kebeles or Peasant Associations. Each administrative unit has its ownlocalgovernmentelectedbythepeople.TheRegionalGovernmentshaveestablished sectoralBureaus,CommissionsandAuthorities. VII.8.3. MinistryofMinesandEnergy(MoME) TheMinistryofMinesandEnergyistheregulatorybodyfortheenergysector.Basedon the delegation from EPA, any draft ESIA reports will be submitted to the Ministry for reviewing purpose, and then they will give their due comments and recommendations. The Ministry finally gives approval /certifies for the implementation of the project and thenconductmonitoringbothintheconstructionandoperationphases. VII.8.4. EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority(EPA) The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) was reestablished in October 2002 under theproclamationNo.295/2002.Itisanautonomousgovernmentbodyreportingdirectly totheprimeminister. EPA has broad mandates covering environmental matters at federal level. The proclamationsetsoutthemainresponsibilitiesandbroadorganizationalstructuresofEPA suchas: Preparingpoliciesandlawsonenvironmentalprotection. Preparing directives and implementation of systems for the evaluation of the impactofprojectsontheenvironment. Preparingenvironmentalprotectionstandardsandimplementationofdirectiveson soil,water,andair. EnforcingimplementationofEIAprocess(i.e.,ReviewEIAreports)etc. VII.8.5. EnvironmentalProtection,LandAdministrationandUseAuthorityofSNNPRSand Oromiyaregionalstates The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) have delegated their authority to the regional bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development and Environmental Protection, Land Administration andUseAuthority. VII.8.6. EthiopianElectricPowerCorporation The Ethiopian electric power corporation (EEPCO), is a national electricity utility establishedasapublicenterprisesbyregulationNo.18/1997ofthecouncilofministers. According to this regulation, the EEPCO is mandated to engage in the business of producing, transmitting, distributing and selling electrical energy and to carry out any
otheractivitiesthatwouldenableittoachieveitsstatedobjectives.EEPCOisexecuting agencyforthisproject.AsanimplementingagencyEEPCOshallhaveresponsibilitytocarry outitsdevelopmentactivitiesinthemannerthatwillprotecttheEnvironment.

VII.8.6.1. PowerSystemPlanningofEEPCo
The power system planning team of EEPCo is a Division where The Environmental and socialexpertsareoccupiedintheenvironmentalandsocialrelatedmattersparticularlyon the: InitialEnvironmentalExaminations(IEE) CategoryIIEnvironmentalandSocialImpactAssessment(ESIA) Evaluationoftenderdocumentsforselectingappropriateenvironmentalconsulting firmsonbehalfofEEPCoasdeemednecessary. Monitoringofenvironmentalandsocioeconomicincludingresettlementprograms inthepowerdevelopmentsector. UndertakeESIAreviewandrepresentsEEPCoinallmattersthatarerelatedtothe environmentalstudyofprojects.
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ETHIOPIANELECTRICPOWERCORPORATIONPROCESSCENTEREDORGANIZATIONALCHART PowerSystem Planning Environmentaland SocialImpact AssessmentOffice Executive Executive Officer Officer Generation Generation Operation Construction Management Board InternalAudit ChiefExecutive Officer Corporate Planning Corporate Communication
CorporateEthics LiasonTeam
LegalServices
Executive Officer Transmission Construction
Executive Officer Transmission Operation
Executive Officer Distribution Systems
Executive Officer Marketing andSales
Executive Officer Universal Electrification
Executive Officer Financeand SupplyChain
Executive Officer Human Resources
Executive Officer Corporate Services
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VII.9. RelevantGuideline The Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority has issued guidelines for environmentalandsocialimpactassessmentofprojectsindifferentsectors. EPA, 2000. Environmental Study Procedural Guidelines require all projects to be subjecttoanIEEtodecidewhethertheprojectistobesubmittedtofullEIA. EPA,2003.EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentProceduralGuidelinesSeries1. Sectoral Guidelines for specific types of projects, e.g. water supply, dams and reservoirs,irrigation,hydropower,rangelandmanagement,soilconservation. EPA,2004.Guidelinestoprepareenvironmentalandsocialmanagementplans. GuidelinesonHydropowerProduction,TransportationandDistribution. Guidelineonambientwaterqualityofdomestic,agriculturalandindustrialwastes EEPCosenvironmentalguideline. VIII. ANALYSISOFALTERNATIVES IntermsofESIAregulations,itisrequiredtodemonstratethatfeasiblealternativesforthe projecthavebeenconsideredandevaluatedintermsofsocial,biophysical,economicand technicalfactors. Option1(Donothingoption): From purely physical environment point of view, this option is preferable. Since it would avoid creation of adverse impacts associated with the project. However, the potential social and socio economic benefits to the nationaswellastotownsandvillagestobeelectrifiedin thenearfuturewouldbeforegoneandthequalityoflife wouldremainatalowlevel.Thelongtermdevelopment plans for the country would also be compromised and sloweddown.Thisoptionalso,willworsenthefuelwood consumption by further enhancing the clearing of the naturalvegetationcoverageofthearea. Option2(preferredoption): The Transmission line routes in general are selected alongtheexisting132kVoldtransmissionlinesasbest and doesnt require to see another route options becauseToconstructalongtheexistingoldtransmission lines will greatly reduce the potential impacts Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc 21-75 21 September 2010
significantly.ItavoidsClearingofadditionalforestareas, dislocation of more house holds, interfering to further cultivated lands, etc. the line route is also found much more preferred than opening another new line even from the economical and engineering points of view. Therefore,duringthelineroutesurveyingperiod,itwas analyzed and decided that there are no other better options than this to make the proposed development projectenvironmentally,sociallyandeconomicallymore feasibleandattractive. Therefore, from the environmental and socio economic points of view, option 2 is preferredasthebesttoimplementtheproposedproject,giventhatthepropermitigation measuresareundertakeninadvance. Technologicalalternative Fromthetechnologicalapplicationpointsofview,theprojecthasselectedasteellattice typeoftowerswithdangersignonitandthetransformerswithPCBfree.Accordingto thecurrenttrendofconstructionofhighvoltagetransmissionlines,theshieldwireshould be with Optical Fibers Core Ground Wire (OPGW) serving as shield of the line from lightning strikes as well as data communication between the substations and the load dispatch centre. Furthermore, the overhead transmission line is less expensive than the undergroundoneduringpowerlineconstructionandfailure.However,theunderground cable construction has less danger of electrocution. From amongst many types of conductors,thefactorsgoverningtheselectionoftheconductorarelowresistivity,high tensilestrength,lowcostandeaseofavailability. Therefore,fromthetechnicalviewpoint,theselectedmaterialsfortheconstructionof the proposed transmission line project makes also technologically and economically suitable. IX. ANALYSISOFTHEEXISTINGENVIRONMENT XI.1. SocioeconomicEnvironment
TheproposedtransmissionlineswilllargelypassthroughtheRegionalstatesofOromiya andSNNPR.Thelinecrossesatotalof11Woredas.
XI.2. PopulationandDemographicCharacteristics ThetotalpopulationoftheWoredaswherethetransmissionlinecrosses(routelength65 km)isestimatedabout1,428,914acrossthelineroute. Theaveragepopulationdensityoftheworedascrossingtheproposedlinerouteisabout

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301personsperkm2..AscomparedtotheotherWoredasthehighestpopulationdensity is recorded in Lemo (Hadiya zone) and Tiro Afeta (in Jimma Zone) 428 and 430 respectivelyprojectareathezoneisassumedtohave. According to the data obtained from the Woreda administration offices the population growth on average is 2.9%. The national averages annual population growth rate is estimated to be 3 %. (Source: national office of population) Socio economic baseline condition The average family size for all affected woredas is 6 which is more than the national averages4.8.
XI.3. Ethniccomposition ThemajorethnicgroupsintheroutesectionsofAlabaHosannaWolkitepredominated by the Alaba, Guraghe, and Hadiya ethnics. While along the route sections from GGI JimmaAgaroBedelemorethan90%arebelongingtotheOromoEthnicgroup.Thereare of course significant portions of various ethnic groups like Amhara, Kembata, Tigre, etc livingwithintheWoredas XI.4. Settlementpattern,housingandhouseholdeconomy Thesettlementpatternofthepopulationistotallypermanenttypeofsettlement.Most of the population along the transmission line route is sedentary cultivators, supporting theirlivelihoodfromthetraditionalagriculturalproduction. Land holding size of the woredas is ranging from 1.86 0.8 ha. Land scarcity is most observedinHadiyaZonewherealargepopulationdensityisrecorded Thefarmingtechniquestheypracticearestilltraditionaltypeofcultivationsystemmainly ofoxenploughing. ThecommonannualcropsgrownintheprojectareasareTeff,wheat,Barely,Maizeetc. AndtheperennialcropssuchasEnset,coffee,Chat,arepredominantlygrownintheareas Thefarmersusuallysupporttheirlivelihoodfromthesaleoftheabovementionedcrop productionsandanimalhusbandry.
XI.5. SocialServices Health and education are one of the fundamental social development indicators of a country. Getting health and educational services are part of human right, and without whichtheeconomicdevelopmentofacountrybecomesunimaginable. Thedevelopmentofsocialservicesparticularly,healthandeducation,inallworedasare
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improving.Theaveragehealthcoveragealongthewholeroutesectionsisabout70%. Regarding educational services, about 97% of the people living along the entire route sectionshaveaccesstoprimaryschooleducation. XI.6. Physicalenvironment
IX.6.1. Topography Thetopographicnatureofthelandwherethe230kVlinesupposetocrossisconsistingof undulatinghillsmixedwithplainareas.TheroutesectionespeciallyfromManaWoreda untilitreachestoBedeleismostcharacterizedbyundulatinghills.TherouteFromAlaba to Hossana and Wolkite is however predominated by plain cultivated land mixed with someundulatingandplateauareas. Theelevationrangeisbetween1662.and2315m.a.s.l Theelevationrangeisbetween1600and2980m.a.s.l IX.6.2. Climate
Theclimatewithintheroutesoftraversevarieswithrainfall
The climate is characterized as cold, moist and humid. The mean annual temperature along the entire route varies from 11o c to 30 oc .The temperature around Hosanna comparativelyislow.Itgoesdownto11oc. The amount of annual rain fall range is between 1000mm2800mm. the route section fromGGIJimmaAgaroBedelegetsthelargestamountofrainfall.
IX.6.3. GeologyandSoils
Themajorityoftheproposedlinerouteisfallenunderthetertiaryvolcanicmaqdalawhich makestheareaconduciveforagriculture.Itconsistsofalkaliolivinebasaltandtufts. Soilsalongtheroutewereobservedasvarioustypesinthestudyarea.Theyareclassified in the order of Nitosol, Pellic vertisol, Orthic Acrisole and Cambisol. Nitosol and Pellic Vertisolscoverslargerportionoftheprojectarea.Theyconstituteabout60%and80%of thetotalarea. IX.6.4. Drainagelines
TheproposedtransmissionlinestraversessomemajorriverslikeMegecha,Guder, Degossa,andGibetheyallarelocatedalongtheAlabaHossanaWolkiteJimmaroute section. The rivers as a whole are most used by the local communities including live stocksandwildanimalsasthemajorsourceofwater.
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IX.6.5. Landuse Themajorlandusesystemsinthestudyareasare: Cultivatedland Grazingland Forestland Cultivableland Others(settlement,infrastructures,waterbody,etc.) Of the total land coverage, the cultivated land occupies about 51%, which is the largest portion of the area as compared to the other land uses. One of the reasons for the expansion of cultivated land is mainly due to the population pressure in most of the project area. (The average rate of population growth in the project area is about 2.9%).The average land holding size per family head does not exceed one hectare. The grazinglandconstitutesabout12%. Theforestlandcoverisonlyabout5%ofthetotallanduse,whichisatadecreasingrate due to the expansion of cultivated land in the area. Forestlands with little human disturbance are found only in remote areas .Forestlands with easy access are in most casesclearedforexpansionandsearchofnewcroplands. XI.7. Biologicalenvironment
IX.7.1. Flora
Ethiopia possesses one of the richest assemblages of plants in the African continent. In thismountainousand geologicallyactiveterritory,theafromontanehabitatsandSomali Masai savannas among others have combined to create a unique regional identity. The richnessandendemicityofthefloralbiodiversityhavebeennotedbymanyauthors(Firiis et.al.2001,thulin2004vivero2003,andWilliamet.al.2004). Thecountryhasawildfloraofsome7000Taxa(viveroetal2005).Ofwhichabout12% areendemic.Thetreefloraconsistsofanestimated1100species(Demeletal.2000) (RedlistofendemictreesandshrubsofEthiopiaandEritrea,byJoseLuseVivero,Ensermu KelbesaandSebsebieDemmissew). EthiopiaisalsothecenteroforiginforvariouscropspeciesincludingArabicacoffee,teff, ensetandsorghuminthepast(stateofenvironmentreport,Ethiopia,august2003). The vegetation coverage in the study area in general is low .Deforestation due to expansionofagriculturallandandincreasedfuelwooddemandhasmadetheareawith limitedspeciesdiversity.Thenaturalforestcoveragewheretheproposedlinecrossesis not more than 5 % on average. However, there exist some forest reserved areas like Awriya Dibir and Aftir in the Guraghe Zone (Cheha Woreda), while the forests reserves namedTiroAfeta,Gears,Babiya,andArga.forestsarelocatedintheJimazone.Theyall
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arehoweverlocatedfarfromtheproposedroutecorridorandwillnotbeaffectedbythe project. The indigenous flora that commonly found in the study areas are Cordia africana, Podocarpus gracilior. Juniperus procera Acacia abyssinica, Aningeria adolfifriederici, Albizia gummifera. The larger portion of the stated indigenous tree species are most foundintheprotectedforestareas.Thereareofcoursevarietiesofbushandshrubplant speciesonmanypartsoftheprojectareas. Therearealsonumbersofexoticspeciesdistributedandplantedbyindividuals,officesof AgricultureandNonGovernmentalOrganization(NGOs)forvariouspurposes.Of which the Eucalyptus species comparatively covers larger area. For instance in the project affectedworedaofCheha(Guraghezone),morethan85%oftheforestlandiscoveredby Eucalyptus tree plantation. Along the route section of Jimma Agaro Bedele, there also existsomeplantationsofCupressuslucitanicaestablishedeitherasabufferplantationor enrichmentplantingontheperipheriesoftheexistingprotectednaturalforestareas.The type of plantation that is widely practiced are homestead plantation which Eucalyptus treesarepredominantlygrownbyfarmersforcommercialpurposes. IX.7.2. Fauna The diversity of wild animals in the study area is low because of the decline of their naturalhabitat.However,accordingtotheinformationfromtheworedasagriculturaland rural development offices, some common wild animals like, hyena (Crocuta crocuta), Monkey (Cereopith ecus aethiops), Duiker (Sylvi capra species), Guinea fawl, Wart hog (Phacochlerusaethiopicus),Fox(Otocyonmegalotis),ColobusMonkey(ColobusPolykomos) Leopard(Panthera pardus) and birds of different types were reported to exist in their respectiveareas. X. SITEVISITREPORT
From 24th June to 5th July 2010 a team consisting of Environmental and Social experts from EEPCos Power System Planning conducted the Field Assessment along the proposed 230 KV Transmission Line Route from Alaba Hossana Wolkite GG I Jimma AgaroBedeleabout315kmlength.
X.1. PUBLICCONSULTATIONANDDISCLOSURE
Publicconsultationandparticipationisacontinuousprocesswhichidentifiesanddiscuss the key issues and impacts of the proposed project. Views from local residents, local leaders, surrounding institutions and development partners who in one way or another wouldbeaffectedorhaveinterestweresoughtthroughinterviewsandpublicmeetings. Public participation includes both the information exchange (dissemination and consultation)andcollaborativeformsofdecisionmakingandparticipation.Dissemination refers to transfer of information from Project Authorities to the affected population.
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While consultation generally refers to joint discussion between Project Authorities and the affected population serving as a linkage for transfer of information and sharing of ideas. Public participation is an ongoing process throughout the implementation of the project not an event. The level of information which is disseminated or the issues on whichconsultationtakesplacevarywiththeprogressintheProjectprocess. During the field assessment, the team has made public consultation with the would be affected community households, elders and chair persons of the kebeles (peasant Associations).including representatives of the local administrations. The consultations wereconductedonthefollowingtworepresentativeKebeles: Zone Woreda kebele venue Guraghe Cheha Sise&Ematiye Atat Jimma Mana Buture yebu Inallthemeetingsthediscussionswerefocusedonthefollowingmajorissues: Descriptionoftheprojectsimpactontheexistingbiophysicalenvironment andsocioeconomicconditions,
Thepredictednegativeandpositiveimpactsduringconstruction,operation andmaintenancephases
The possible mitigation measures to be undertaken especially during compensationandexpropriationprocedures.
Communitiesattitudetowardstheproject Accordingly, the team has confirmed that almost all the participants have commonly utteredtheirpositiveattitudesandgoodimpressionsontheproject.Theyexplainedthat theprojectwouldfosterthenationaleconomyingeneralandthelocalinvestmentsand socioeconomicdevelopmentsinparticular. Thecommunitiesrepresentativeshavealsoexplainedtheirkeeninterestaseachoftheir villagesandtownsgettingelectricservicesinthefuture. On the other hand, the communities have under lined that the government to perform propercompensationfortheirresourcestobelostordamaged.Theyallagreethatthey wouldshifttheirexistinghousesoffthecorridorlineandcanbuildtheirhousesontheir ownlandholdings. The study team has clearly explained in the meetings that EEPCo would pay prior and Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc 27-75 21 September 2010
propercompensationforalltheirlostassetswhethertheyarepermanentortemporaryas per the National proclamations and Regulations including the expropriation of land holdings for public purpose and payment of compensation, No 455/2005 and No. 135/2007respectively.(PleaserefertoAnnexII) The team also explained about the impacts that most likely to be occurred during the constructionandoperationphasesanddiscussedonthepossiblemitigationsthatistobe proposedforeachimpact.
26/11/2010
PublicConsultationinChehaweredaatAtatSisekebele
X.2. Contactedoffices
June30,2010. Theteamhasalsoconductedvariousdiscussionsandmeetingsonsimilarissueswiththe DevelopmentsectorofficesatFederal,RegionalandZonallevelsincludingtheEthiopian WildlifeAuthorityandtheNaturalHistorySocietyofEthiopiaandHIV/AIDSsecretariats.

X.2.1. EthiopianWildlifeConservationAuthority/EWCA/
Itisagovernmentalinstitution,establishedin1969byproclamationnumber65. Humaninducedpressureonnaturalhabitatsisincreasing,causinganunsustainableuseof natural resources, overgrazing by a large livestock population, conversion of natural habitat and consequently fragmentation and isolation of remaining natural habitats and
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forests. It manages 13 national parks, wildlife reserves, sanctuaries, controlled hunting areas,forestpriorityareasinthecountry. PositiveIssues There are no legally or officially designated national parks, reserve areas or sanctuariesintheproposedlinearprojectareas. EEPCos current power generation and expansion works in the country are appreciable. EEPCo to consider the environmental and social issues at the feasibility, constructionandoperationstagesoftheprojectisalsoappreciatedandmakesthe developmentenvironmentallysustainableandfriendly. Negativeissue There may encounter some death accidents on predatory birds due to collision duringoperationphasewhichmayalsoresultinpoweroutages. In some part of the project area, some wild animals like baboons will spend the nightclimbingupthetowerwhichmightexposethemtoelectrocution. Suggestions Therearemanytypesoftransmissionlinesandtelephonelinesconstructedsideby side which elicit unsightly condition. Therefore, if possible why not use one transmissionlinefordifferentcapacitypower(66kV,132kV,230kVand400kV) transmission. Forests are habitat for wildlife and should be taken care during vegetation clearingoftheROWespeciallyintheconstructionperiod. Thereshouldnotbehuntingofanywildlifebyconstructioncrews.
X.2.2. MinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment/MoARD/,NaturalResource Management
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development /MoARD/ is a government institute working as federal regulatory body which will establish legal frameworks, providing guidancetoregionalstatesandformulatespolicies,strategies,lawsandstandards,giving training as capacity building for regional state workers, plan activities together with the regionalofficesandfinallymonitorandevaluateitsproperimplementationandscaleup goodpracticesofdifferentregions.
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PositiveIssues Alongtheproposedroute,therearenoprotectedareastobeaffected. EEPCos effort to generate and expand electric power throughout the country is highlyappreciated. Besides, the consideration of environmental issues during the feasibility and implementation stages of the project activities makes it sustainable and encouraging. TheprovisionofelectricitytotheruralpartofthecountrywillhelptheMinistryto expanditsdevelopmentprogramsmoreassertively. Negativeissue There mayencounter bird collisions with the power line which at thesame time mayalsoresultinpoweroutages. In some part of the project area, some wild animals like baboons will spend the nightclimbingupthetowerandmightexposethemtoelectrocution. Suggestions Inasmuchaspossible,effortsshouldbemadetofindoutthebestoptionthatwill reduceenvironmentalimpactsthanmerelytryingtoreducecostsandseekshort distanceoftransmissionlines. Forests are habitat for wildlife and should be taken care of them during vegetationclearinginthecorridorduringconstructionperiod. Thereshouldnotbehuntingofanywildlifebyconstructioncrews. As much as possible avoid routing through sensitive areas and revegetate disturbedsites.
X.2.3. InstituteofBiodiversityConservationandResearch
Instituteof BiodiversityConservationandResearchisagovernmentinstituteworkingat federal level which will keep the countrys biodiversity and undertakes research and collectindigenoustreeseeds. PositiveIssues Alongtheentirerouteoftheproject,thereisnoprotectedarea,
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EEPCos current endeavor to generate and expand transmission lines throughout thecountryisoneindicationofdevelopmentandshouldbeappreciated. Besidesthis,theconsiderationofenvironmentalissuesduringthefeasibilitystage makesthedevelopmentsustainable. Negativeissue The clearing of the ROW will jeopardize the indigenous trees and will have an impactinreducingthenumberofendangeredspecies. Much care should be taken while traversing through coffee forests of and core coffeesitesthatareusedasgenebanks. In some part of the project area, some wild animals like baboons will spend the nightclimbingupthetowerwhichmightexposethemtoelectrocution. Suggestions Inasmuchaspossible,effortsshouldbemadetolookforthebestoptionthatwill reduceenvironmentalimpactsthanonlytryingtominimizingconstructioncosts. Forests are habitat for wildlife and due care should be taken to avoid excessive clearingofforestsduringtheformationofROWs. As much as possible avoid routing through sensitive areas and revegetate disturbedsites.
X.2.4. OromiyaForestandWildlifeEnterprise/OFWE/
Oromiya Forest and Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE) is an autonomous public enterprise establishedwithRegistrationNumber122/2009,issuedbytheOromiyaNationalRegional StatecouncilinJuly2009.Itismandatedtoadministerandsustainablymanageregional forests,woodlandsandwildlifeconservationareasinOromiya. PositiveIssues Intheentirerouteoftheproject,therearenoprotectedareas, EEPCos current endeavor to generate and expand transmission lines throughout thecountryisappreciable. Besidesthis,theconsiderationofenvironmentalissuesduringthefeasibilitystage
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andduringtheimplementationoftheprojectactivitiesisencouraging. Theprovisionofelectricitytotheruralpartofthecountrywillenabletheministry toassigndevelopmentagentswhichisaproblematpresent. Negativeissue Theremaybebirdcollisionwiththepowerlineinoperationperiodandmaycause deathaccidentsespeciallyonthepredatorybirds.Thecollisionmayalsoresultin poweroutages. In some part of the project area, some wild animals like baboons will spend the nightclimbingupthetowerwhichmightexposethemtoelectrocution. Suggestions Inasmuchaspossible,effortsshouldbemadetofindoutthebestoptionthatwill reduceenvironmentalimpactsthanonlytryingtoreduceconstructioncosts. Forests are habitat for wildlife and should be given due attention to avoid excessiveclearingofvegetationtheformationofROWs. Thereshouldnotbehuntingofanywildlifebyanyconstructioncrews. Asmuchaspossibleavoidcrossingsensitiveareasandrevegetatedisturbedsites.
X.2.5. EnvironmentandCoffeeForestForum/ECFF/
The Ethiopian Coffee Forest Forum (CEFF) is a nonprofit civil society association, established in November 2005. Its main goal is to save the worlds last remaining wild Arabica Coffee populations and their habitat, the montane rainforests of Ethiopia. ECFF aimstocombatdeforestationandpromotetheconservationandsustainableuseofcoffee forestsinEthiopia. There are some designated coffee forest areas protected as core, buffer and reserved areasinthesouthwesternpartofEthiopiaespeciallyaroundJimmaandYayuforests. Therearenodesignatedcoffeeforestareasprotectedasacore,bufferandreservedarea especiallywheretheproposedlineiscrossing. PositiveIssues Thefollowingisasummaryoftheviewsoftheofficialsinterviewed: EEPCos current endeavor to generate and expand transmission lines throughout
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thecountryisappreciable. Theconsiderationofenvironmentalissuesduringthefeasibilitystageandduring the implementation of the project activities to make it sustainable is an encouragingattempt. Allthecoffeeforestprotectedareasareconfirmedsafe.Theyarealllocatedoutof theproposedprojectareaandwillnotbeaffectedbytheproject. Negativeissues FewfloraandfaunaspeciesmaybeaffectedespeciallyduringtheopeningofRows Suggestions Care should be taken for endangered fauna and flora species especially in the constructionperiod. Inasmuchaspossible,effortsshouldbemadetofindforthebestoptionthatwill reduce environmental impacts than only trying to reduce cost and find short distancetransmissionlines. Forestsarehabitatforwildlifeandcareshouldbetakentoavoidexcessiveclearing oftreesduringtheformationofROWs. Itisbesttotakeanypossiblemeasurestoavoidcrossingsensitiveareas. Plantorevegetatesomehighlydisturbedsitesspecifically. EEPCo as a stakeholder should plan for watershed management with other stakeholderssothatthelifespanofelectricpowerdamswouldbeprolonged.
X.2.6. EthiopianWildlifeandNaturalHistorySociety/EWNHS/
TheEthiopianWildlifeandNaturalHistorySocietyworkstoenhancetheconservationand sustainable use of natural resources and protection of environment through awareness raising, education, research and advocacy. It is the first indigenous environmental NGO thatwasofficiallyestablishedin1966asamembershipbased,nonpolitical,secularand notforprofitenvironmentalnongovernmentalorganization. PositiveIssues Thefollowingisasummaryoftheviewsoftheofficialsinterviewed: In the entire route of the project, there is one protected area, named Boyo
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wetlandbutwillnotbeaffectedbytheproject. EEPCos current endeavor to generate and expand transmission lines throughout thecountryisappreciable. Besidesthis,theconsiderationofenvironmentalissuesduringthefeasibilitystage andduringtheimplementationoftheprojectactivitiesmakesitsustainableandis anencouragingattempt. Theprovisionofelectricitytotheruralpartofthecountrywillenabletheministry toassigndevelopmentagentswhichisaproblematpresent. Negativeissue There may encounter bird collisions due to the power line especially against the nightactiveonce.Itmayalsocausedeathaccidentsparticularlyagainstpredatory birdsandwhichatthesametimemayresultpoweroutages. In some part of the project area, some wild animals like baboons will spend the nightclimbingupthetowerwhichmightexposethemtoelectrocution. Suggestions Inasmuchaspossible,effortsshouldbemadetofindforthebestoptionthatwill reduce environmental impacts than only trying to reduce cost and find short distancetransmissionlines. Forestsarehabitatforwildlifeandcareshouldbetakentoavoidexcessiveclearing ofvegetationduringtheformationofROWs. Thereshouldnotbehuntingofwildlifebyconstructioncrews. As much as possible avoid routing through sensitive areas and revegetate disturbedsites. Some device like balloons should be fixed on the cables that will help minimize birdcollision.
X.3. Disclosure
TheESIAReportwillbereleasedthroughEEPCosPublicRelationsOfficeandbepostedin EEPCoswebsite. ThedisclosurewillbeannouncedlocallyontheEthiopiannewspaperandcopyoftheESIA Report will be distributed to all concerned Regional and woreda Administration Offices. AfDB also discloses this ESIA study electronically through its website prior to the processingoftheproject.
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X.4. Synthesisofresourcesvalue
Duringthesitevisit,theAssessmentteamhasalsocloselydiscussedwithPAPsthekebele representatives and the Government Stakeholders (Woredas Administration as well as AgriculturalandRuralDevelopmentOffices)onthecurrentvalueofmajoritemsexpected to be affected during the project implementation .They have been asked about the currentmarketvaluesofthedifferentitemsandgavetheirestimatedpriceofeach. Thefollowingcategorieswereestablishedtostandardizethevaluesofeachitem. TinroofedHouses(woodplusmudwalls) 1.Small 30m2 2.Medium 3.Large 1.Small 3Large 5mdiameter 15 2Medium 10m Permanentcrops Enset 1. Small 13yearsold 2. Medium 35yearsold 3. Large(Productive)67yearsold Coffee 4. Small 14yearsold 5. Medium 48yearsold 6. Large(Productive)>8yearsold Eucalyptustrees: 7. Small 18yearsold 8. Medium 820yearsold 9. Large >20yearsold Theabovementionedunitpriceweregivenbasedontheinformationcollectedfromthe affectedpeople,Kebelerepresentativesandeldersduringconsultation. The given prices however would be reviewed by the valuation committee to be establishedrightbeforecompensationimplementation.
40m2 60m2
Tukuls(woodplusmudwallswiththatchedroof)
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XI. ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIOECONOMICIMPACTS Electricpowertransmissionlinesarelinearfacilitiesthatmayaffectbiophysicalandsocio economicenvironmentsincludingtheculturalresources.Aslinearfacilities,theimpactsof transmission lines occur primarily within in the immediate vicinity of the right of way (ROW).Themagnitudeandsignificanceoftheimpactsmayincrease,asthevoltageofthe lineincreases,becauseitrequireslargersupportingstructuresandwiderROWs. The predicted impacts and their proposed mitigations are described in this report. The proposed mitigations are described in more details in the environmental management plan. XI.1. SocioeconomicImpacts XI.1.1. ImpactsonResidentialAreasandCommunityServices Accordingtothelinesurveyorsreportatotalof572livinghousesbelongingto470family heads were identified as to be affected by the entire stretch of the transmission line during the construction period. Of the total affected houses 213 (i.e. 37.2 %) are tin roofedhousesand359(i.e.62.8%)arethatchedroofedhouses(Tukuls). During the line survey no community services structures or facilities were found to be affectedbytheproject.Schools,healthinstitutions,churches,mosques,andothermajor communityservicesweremadetobekeptofftheproposedRightOffWays(ROWs)during theselectionofroutealignment. Such impacts can be avoided or minimized by careful selection of ROWs. The line surveyorsduringalignmenthavetakenallthepossiblemeasurestominimizethenumber ofresidentialhousestobeaffectedbytheproject. ForthehousesandTukulstobeaffected,therewillbepaidduecompensationforPAPsas per the Rules and Regulations of the Country. It has also been confirmed from the discussionwiththecommunities,especiallywiththePAPs,thekebelerepresentativesand the local government administrators that they have enough places to relocate and re buildtheirownhousesontheirownlandholdings.
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Oneofthetypicalaffectedtukuls Table1AffectedHousesandTukuls
Route section Alaba Hosaina wolkite Gelgel Gibe Agaro Bedele Total Type of Houses Tin roofed Tukul Tin roofed Tukul No.of Houses 72 301 141 58 572 No.and typeof affectedhouses S M L 11 25 36 30 14 23 78 90 42 29 186 181 85 6 308 UnitPriceinBirr S 40,000 15,000 40,000 15,000 110,000 M 50,000 20,000 50,000 20,000 140,000 L 60,000 30,000 60,000 30,000 180,000 TotalcostinBirr S 440,000 450,000 560,000 345,000 M 1,250,000 1,800,000 2,100,000 580,000 L 2,160,000 5,430,000 5,100,000 180,000 11,870,000
1,795,000 5,730,000 19,395,000
Source:Fieldvisitandsurveyorsdata XI.1.2. ImpactsonCropProduction Thetotalcultivatedlandwhichtheproposedlinecrossesisabout596haofwhichabout 99%ofthelandwouldbeaffectedtemporarily.Itisonlyabout1%(i.e.about4ha)ofthe totalareathatisexpectedtobeaffectedpermanentlyduetotheoccupationofthetower pads. The impact is quite insignificant as compared withthe total area of the cultivated landintheprojectarea.
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There fore, the costs for the temporary loss of crop production would be about 11,875,760Birr.Ontheotherhandthetypeofcropthatwouldbepermanentlyaffected iseucalyptustreesandisestimatedabout6,356,250Birr. The farmers seasonal agricultural activities may be disrupted in the construction activities.Onfarmcropsmayalsobeaffectedtemporarilyduringtheconstructionperiod. They can however be mitigated either by undertaking the construction works after the cropsharvestordoingpropercompensationpaymentsforalldamagedcrops.
Table2Affectedperennialcropsandestimatedcompensationcost Route length km 128 Crop coverage inha Matured 19 56.4 19 94.4ha 180 24 8 212ha 306.4ha Unit Production price/Q Qtl/Ha Birr 12.5 1,600 60 240 216 600 12.5 1,600 60 240 216 600
Routesection AlabaHosainawolkite
Typeofcrop coffee Falsebanana chat coffee Falsebanana Chat
GelgelGibeJimma AgaroBedele Total
187
315km
Totalprice inBirr 380,000 812,160 2,462,400 3,654,560 3,600,000 345600 1,036,800 4,982,400 8,636,960

Table3EstimatedCompensationcostsforlossofannualcrops Typeof crop Cropcoverage inha 39 10 29 20 78 28 47 19 Total cost Production/ha Unitprice/Qtl inBirr 13 600 304,200 21 500 105,000 19 400 220,400 44 350 308,000 22 200 343200 1,280,000 20 600 336,000 60 500 1,410,000 40 280 212800 1,958,800 3,238,800
Routesection GelgelGibe JimmaAgaro Bedele
Teff Wheat barely Maize Sorghum Alaba Teff Wheat Maize Grandtotal

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Table4AffectedEucalyptustreesandtheircosts
Routesection (Locality) Alaba Hosaina wolkite GelgelGibe Agaro Bedele 187 315 59 33 81 24750 60,750 51,150 129,150 6600 12,600 10 25 200 247,500 607,500 1,278,750 3,228,750 6,356,250 1,320,000 2,520,000 128 70 48 36000 78,000 6000 10 25 200 360,000 1,950,000 1,200,000 Route Length (km) Estimated coverage Eucalyptus % Ha S Numberof Eucalyptustree M L S UnitPrice M L S Totalcost M L
GrandTotal costinBirr
Theabovementionedunitpriceweregivenbasedontheinformationcollectedfromthe affectedpeople,Kebelerepresentativesandeldersduringconsultation. The given prices however would be reviewed by the valuation committee to be establishedrightbeforecompensationimplementation.
26/06/20010
OneofthetypicalaffectedInsetcrop
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26/06/20010
OneofthetypicalaffectedCoffeecrops
AffectedEucalyptustree
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XI.1.3. ImpactsonCultural,HistoricalandArchaeologicalSites Theproposedtransmissionlineprojectdoesnothaveanysignificantimpactsoncultural andhistoricalresources. So far, there are no known historical and cultural sites to be crossed or affected by the line. Where there are any accidental Chances of findings of some archaeological artifactsonthelineroutes,theconstructionworkersandsurveyorsshallreporttoEEPCos Power System Planning. The Power System Planning Head will then report to the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) for further investigations.
XI.1.4. ImpactsonHealthandSafety
XI.1.4.1. DustEmission
During the construction period, the construction works and traffic increase may cause temporaryand limiteddust pollution and may sometimes result respiratory problem on construction workers and local communities. The impact of dust can be limited through takingproperdustabatementmeasureslikewateringofroadsandcontroloftrafficspeed limits. The contractors will be required to incorporate the issue in to the management planandsubmitwiththeircontractproposals. XI.1.4.2. Noise
The noise pollution due to the construction of the transmission line and access road is temporary and limited. According to the banks standard the limited value should not exceed55dBinthedaytimeand45dBinthenighttime.However,ifitisfoundbeyond thestatedlimits,itcanbeminimizedbyadoptingappropriatemitigationmeasuressuch as the provision and use of proper hearing equipment for construction workers. The working time should be limited in order not to affect the local communities in the vicinities. XI.1.4.3. SexuallyTransmittedInfections(STIs)
The major impacts on health and safety are related to the work force engaged in the constructionandoperationofthetransmissionline. Communicablediseaseslikesexuallytransmittedinfections(e.g.HIV/AIDS,Hepatitis,etc) andmalariacanbespreadaroundandintheconstructionareas. The influx of labor to the construction areas and their interaction with the local
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community members can cause tensions and opportunities for the spread of communicablediseasesinthearea. ThemitigationplanwilltakeanaggressiveapproachtocontrolthespreadofSTIs,health educationprograms,controlofinformalsectoractivitiesneartheprojectsite. EvenwiththemostvigorouscampaignandsafeguardsanincreaseinSTIsresultingfrom theprojectisinevitable.Thereforesystematicbloodtestinglikevoluntarycounselingand testingVCTpracticeintheprojectareaisquitenecessarysoastokeepthecasesminimal. The blood testing must be used merely for information purposes and not to be used to dismissinfectedemployees. XI.1.4.4. OtherInfectiousDiseases
Some diseases like intestinal cases, hepatitis, respiratory cases, and respiratory cases includingTBcasemayoccurinsituationswherealargeworkforceisnotprovidedwith propersanitaryandworkplacefacilities. Therefore, construction camps shall be maintained in a clean and healthy condition as prescribedbyinternationalstandards. XI.1.4.5. PublicSafety
Public safety will not be a significant problem, since residents within the ROW will be relocated. Heavy vehicles movement during the project construction may cause road accidents, mainly on local residents who are not accustomed to heavy traffic and heavy tacks and vehicles. Duringtheconstructionperiod,someworkaccidents(e.g.,fallfromabove,hitbyobject, car accidents, etc) may occur mainly due to lack of safety precautions. There fore, the contractorsshouldregularlyprovideadequatesafetyequipmentandorientationtotheir employees. Project related vehicles will be required to abide by good driving conducts, obey speed limitsandfollowtherulesofsafedriving. During operation, impacts are related mainly with electrocutions and possible induce effectsfromElectromagneticFields(EMF). Theplacementoflowslunglinesorlinesnearhumanactivities(e.g.highways,buildings) alsoincreasestheriskofelectrocutions.Thereforethelinesshouldbecheckedregularly,
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whether or not they are at low slung, so that immediate measures would be taken on timetoavoidtherisksonhighwaysandresidentialplaces. Towersandtransmissionlinesmaydisruptairplaneflightpathsinandnearairportsand endanger low flying air craft. However it is proved that no air port or land strips that wouldbeaffectedbythetransmissionlineduringoperationperiod. Safetyorientationsinschoolsalongthetransmissionlinewillfurtherminimizeimpactson thelocalcommunity. Hazards/Risks Theimpactmightaffecthumanhealthandthenaturalenvironmentandthereasonable project scenarios (cause and effect) that might result in damage to health, the environmentorthefinancialviabilityoftheproject. Therisksexpectedfromthetransmissionlineprojectsarespillofchemicals(usedoiland lubricants),and unsafe working condition during construction (fall from above, hit by objects,etc);children/herdersmightclimbupthetowerandbeexposedtoelectrocution; towers and transmission lines might cause aircraft hazard especially on those low flying aircraftsandaccidents/incidentsmightariseduetoincreasedtrafficduringtransporting ofmaterialsandpersonnel. XI.1.4.6. ElectroMagneticFields(EMF)
Electromagneticfields(EMF)areinvisiblelinesofforcethatsurroundanyelectricaldevice. Power transmission lines, electrical wiring and electrical equipment all produce EMF. Electricfieldsareproducedbyvoltageandincreaseinstrengthasthevoltageincreases. Electric fields are shielded or weakened by materials that conduct electricity even materialsthatconductpoorly,includingtrees,buildingsandhumanskin.Magneticfields, however, pass through most materials and are therefore more difficult to shield. However, both electric fields and magnetic fields decrease rapidly as the distance from thesourceincreases. As a precautionary measure, EEPCo already adopted internationally accepted standard ROW width of 40 meters along its high voltage transmission lines. All habitation and structureareexcludefromtheROWtoensuresafetyofpeopleandanimalsfromEMFs produced as well as from direct electric shocks and flash over. With respect to substations, in general, the strongest EMF around and out side of a substation comes fromthepowerlinesenteringandleavingthesubstation.ThestrengthoftheEMFfrom equipment with in the substation, such as transformers, reactors, and capacitor banks, decreasesrapidlywithincreasingdistance.Beyondthesubstationfenceorwall,theEMF produced by the substation equipment is typically indistinguishable from back ground levels.(http://www.Niehs.Nih.gov/emfrapid).
Based on a recent in depth review of extensive scientific literature (world health

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organizationsinternationalEMFproject),theWHOhasconcludedthatdespiteextensive research to date there is no evidence to conclude that exposure to low level electromagneticfieldsisharmfultohumanhealth(http://www.whointpeh.emf./whatis EMF/en.htm).ThelowlevelsreferredtobytheWHOarelevelsexpectedtobefoundout sideof50metersROWproposedforthe400kVtransmissionlineofGibeIIISodoProject. Itistherefore,concludedthattherewillnotbeanyadversehealthimpacttopeoplealong the route provided the proposed 50 meters ROW is enforced along the proposed transmissionlineroute.
It should be noted that there is a concern for homes, schools and public recreational facilitiesincludingplayinggroundslocatednearthehighvoltagetransmissionline. Playing ground and schools especially located near electrical components with high magnetic fields are a concern because the developing child is at a greater danger of biological effects from magnetic field exposure than an adult would be. (http://brain101.inf/EMF.php). XI.1.4.7. EffectsofPolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBs)
PCBs are a mixture of individual chemicals which are no longer produced in the United States and in most European countries by 1980 but are still found in the environment. Health effects that have been associated with exposure to PCBs include acne like skin conditionsinadultsandneurobehavioralandimmunologicalchangesinchildren.PCBsare alsoknowntocausecancerinanimals.
Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)
PCBs are mixture of up to 209 individual chlorinated compounds (known as congeners). TherearenoknownnaturalsourcesofPCBs.PCBsareeitheroilyliquidsorsolidsthatare colorlesstolightyellow.PCBshavenoknownsmellortaste. PCBs have been used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors and other electrical equipments because they dont burn easily and are good insulators. The manufacturingofPCBswasstoppedintheUSin1997becauseofevidencetheybuildupin the environment and can cause harmful health effect. (http://www.atddr.cdc.gov/tfacts17.hmbookmark02). The Stockholm convention is a global treaty which Ethiopia has signed and ratified to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutant (POPs) whichPCBsareoneofthem. For the proposed new substation they would install new PCBs free transformers, capacitorsandotherelectricalequipments. As per the convention most companies or manufacturers have stopped manufacturing
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PCBscontaintransformersandcapacitors. Most transformers and capacitors manufactured after 1980s are said to have not containedPCBs. EEPCoincooperationwiththeFederalEnvironmentalProtectionAuthority(EPA)already hasundertakenpreliminaryinventoryofallequipmentstoidentifythepresenceofPCBs. Following the completion of the inventory, EEPCo will develop a program for the safe removal and disposal of any PCBs found in accordance with convention to which it is signatory. XI.1.5. WomenandVulnerableGroups
Womencomprisedisproportionatelylargenumberofthepoorinmostcountriesdueto gender discrimination. The situation limits the women to have an access to resources, opportunities, and public services necessary to improve the standard of living for themselvesandtheirfamilies. In the project affected areas, women are subject to early marriage, abduction etc. as a result,womenschooldropoutishighandtheliteracyrateofwomenisdecreasing. Thelowlevelofeducationandtrainingamongwomenlimitthechancetohireinformal employments. According to the information obtained from each woreda administration officesthenumberofwomenemployedingovernmentandnongovernmentorganization islessthanmen. Duetotheabovementionedproblemswomenseconomicactivitiesareconfinedtothe householdmanagementandagriculturalproductionandsellingofproducts.Economically theyaredependentuponmen.Asaresult,theyhavenorighttodecideoneconomicand socialissuesinthefamily.Therefore,theeconomic,socialandpoliticalpositionofwomen intheprojectaffectedareaisveryweak. Women have a burden of work. They are responsible for all domestic chores, food preparation,childrearingandcollectingfirewoodandwaterfordrinkingandcooking.In addition to these works, land preparation, planting and weeding is the responsibility of women.Theyworkatleast16hoursaday. Women are very interested on the proposed project than other social groups because they are more beneficiaries from the opportunities provided through the proposed project. The availability of electricity would help to improve the existing infrastructures and services to a level to provide adequate services to the communities. Especially the burdenofwomenwillbereducedbecauseofimprovedinfrastructuresandsocialservices (health,education,flourmills,)accessibletothem.Theymaynotneedtogolongdistance forseekingflourmills,collectingfirewood,fetchingwaterfordrinkingandcookingetc.
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The availability of electricity in the project area also helps to encourage investments in different economic sector so women can have opportunity to get employments, participateinmicrobusinesses,sellingfoods,etc.Thismayhelptoincreasetheirincome. Womentendtorelymoreheavilythanmendooninformalsupportnetworks,suchasthe helpoffriends,neighbors,orrelativesforchildcare.Breakdownofthesenetworksdue todislocationmayaffectwomenthanmen. Vulnerable groups can include households headed by women, households victimized by HIV/AIDSthatareheadedbychildren,householdsmadeupoftheagedorhandicapped whose members are socially stigmatized (as a result of traditional or cultural bias) and economicallymarginalized. Specialassistancetoberenderedtovulnerablegroupsmayconsistofthefollowing:
Provisionforseparateandconfidentialconsultation. Priorityinsiteselectioninthehostareas. Relocationneartokinandformerneighbors. Assistancewithdismantlingsalvageablematerialsfromtheiroriginalhome.
Priorityaccesstoallothermitigationanddevelopmentassistance Womenwithchildrenalsohavelessphysicalmobilitytotraveltofindwaysofearninga livelihood. For these reasons, efforts to maintain the social continuity of communities affected by a project whether through the physical design of new sites, measures to preventthedisintegrationofthecommunityortheprovisionofspecializedsocialservices atthosesitesareimportant.
IX.6.1. SubstanceAbuse Number of construction workforce especially young living away from their families with relatively stable wages and ideal time with few recreational pursuits and no domestic responsibilitiescanoftenleadtotheoverindulgencewithalcohol.Thismayleadtoabuse, fighting and injury, particularly if women are involved. Regarding men living around the construction area and working in the project construction may return home in an inebriatedstateandabuseandinjurefamilymembers. Therefore,theproblemofalcoholabusemustbeexplainedtoworkersaspartofhealth educationprogram. Recreational areas need to be available at the camp and additional activities to be a normalofcampliving.Severepenaltiesfordrunkennessanddisorderlybehaviorsmustbe Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc 46-75 21 September 2010
givenoutalongwiththeprovisionofcounselingservicesforsubstanceabuse. XI.2. ImpactsonPhysicalEnvironment XI.2.1. ImpactsonLandUse
The proposed 230 kV Transmission Line Project of AlabaHossanaWolkiteGGIJimma AgaroBedele has a total of about 315 km route length and will have impacts on the existing land use both temporarilyand permanently. Theywould be affected during the constructionofthelines,erectionoftowerpads,andconstructionofaccessroads,etc. TheTransmissionLinewouldtotallycoverabout315kmroutelengthwithafreecorridor of40metersRightofWays(Rows).Thetowerpadstobeerectedareexpectedtooccupy about36m2each. Thetotalnumberoftowersassumedtobeerectedisabout900withanaveragespanof 350meters. Some7%(i.e.22km)incrementhasalsobeenmadefortheconstructionofaccessroads thusabout13haoflandwouldbeaffectedduetotheconstructionofaccessroads.
Ontheotherhand,about4haoflandarepermanentlyoccupiedbytheTowerPads.
Totally about 1280 ha of land would be affected due to the formation of ROW, constructionofsubstationandaccessroads.
Table5:Affectedlandcoveragealongthetransmissionlineandduetoaccessroads
Routsections Alabahossana Wolkite GGIJimmaAgaro Bedele Accessroad construction Total
Length (km)
No.of towers
Permanently affected(ha)
Temporarily affected(ha)
Total affected area(ha)
128 187 315km
366 534 900

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Table6Thelandusesthatwouldbeaffectedare: Landuse Affectedarea(ha) Alaba hossana wolkite Cultivatedland Grazingland Cultivableland Uncultivableland Forestland others Total 188 84 72 16 68 89 517 GGIJimma AgaroBedele 408 40 136 32 56 88 760 Totalaffected area(ha)
% coverage
596 124 208 48 124 177 1277
46 10 16 4 10 14 100
In the whole Woredas, the type of land use that most to be affected by the proposed transmissionlineisthecultivatedland.Itconstitutesabout46%.Theaffectedforestland isabout10%theareasthatwouldbemoreaffectedisthesectionfromAlabatoWolkite. Thetransmissionlineandtheaccessroadsmaypossiblyopenupaccesstoremotelands forsettlement,cropcultivation,huntingpracticeetc. XI.2.2. ImpactsonSoil InEthiopiaupto400tonsoffertilesoilperhectarearelostannuallyfromareaswithlittle vegetationcoverageandnoeffectivesoilconservationpractices. Duringtheerectionoftowerpadsandaccessroadconstruction,therewillbeclearingof vegetation and excavation works which may lead the top soil to be threatened by wind andwatererosion.Themachineriesusedduringtheconstructionperiodmayalsocause soilerosion. The topographic condition of the specific project areas is hilly and highly sensitive to erosion.Theriskoferosionwouldbehigherwherethereisanincreaseinlandslope.The emergenceoferosionmaycausetheincreaseofsedimentationloadanddeteriorationof qualityofstreamsnearby. Therefore, during the design and construction of access roads, new camp sites and erection of towers, there should have a conservation plan for the proper management andcontrolofsignificantsoilerosionproblems.
XI.2.3. ImpactsonAirQuality
Theprojectwouldhaveshorttermadverseimpactonairqualityduetodustandsmoke
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release from machineries involved especially in the clearing of ROWs and access road construction. XI.3. ImpactsonBiologicalEnvironment
XI.3.1. Flora
Therewouldbesomeclearingoftrees,shrubsandbushesduringtheconstructionperiod which may negatively affect the genetic resources in the project area. Clearing of trees andbushesmayalsocausehabitatlossaswellasfavorstheexpansionofalieninvasive speciesinthestudyarea. Duringtheconstructionperiod,forestencroachmentmayalsoincreaseintheprojectarea due to the opening of new access roads to the natural vegetation. in addition to the clearanceoftheROWs. Ingeneral,thenaturalvegetationcoveragealongtheproposedlinerouteisverylowand allpossiblemeasuresweretakenduringtheselectionofroutestominimizetheimpacts. However,itisstillveryimportanttocarryoutrevegetationactivitiesondisturbedand openareastomaintaintheecosystemandmitigatethelostwoodybiomass. XI.3.2. Fauna
Duringtheteamsfieldassessment,itisconfirmedthattheareasalongtheproposedline routecurrentlydonothavesignificantwildliferesourcesintheareawiththeexceptionof few and sparsely populated wild animals. This is because of habitat loss, environmental degradation(e.g.deforestation,etc.),expansionofcultivatedlands,etc.Howeversome wildanimalsmaybestillaffectedduringtheconstructionperiod.Someoftheirshelters wouldbedisturbedandforcedtoevacuateorexposedtoillegalhunting. During the assessment no endangered or endemic wild animals were observed living in theproposedcorridorline. XI.3.3. ImpactsonBirds
Large predatory birds including night active birds are the ones most affected by HVTL. Theyusuallyarekilledbyelectrocutionandthroughflyingintothewiresathighspeeds.
There should also be given particular attention for migrant birds that most affected by highvoltagetransmissionlines(HVTL).Variousmigratorybirdsconsideredendangeredat internationallevelalsovisitfiftysitesinEthiopiaeveryyear. AccordingtotheEthiopianWildlifeandNaturalHistorySociety,thereare69sitessofar registeredasimportantbirdareas(IBAs)inEthiopia.OftheImportantBirdAreas,thereis an area known as the Boyo wetland found in Shashego woreda some 70 km away from Hosannatown.Itisoneofthemainbirdsanctuariesthatsupporthighconcentrationof waterbirdsandonegloballythreatenedspeciesincludingwattledcrane,pallidharrierand
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lesser kestrel. Settlement, expansion of farm lands and range lands, etc, are referred as the major threats affecting the ecosystem. The assessment team discussed with the executivedirectortheEthiopianWildlifeandNaturalHistorySocietyandnotedthatsuch developments may also have potentially lethal impact on the local population of the existing some bird species due to collisions with overhead power lines. However the proposedtransmissionlinewillnotpassthroughthewetlandandexistingAvifaunawill notbeaffected.
XI.3.4. ImpactsonNationalParksandReserveArea There are no wild life national parks, reserve areas to be crossed or affected by the transmissionline. XI.3.5. Impactsonbiodiversity ThetopographyanddiverseclimaticconditionsofEthiopiahavelidtotheemergenceof habitats that are suitable for the evolution and survival of various plant and animal species.Asaresult,thecountryisinoneofthebiodiversityrichpartsoftheworld.Owing tothelonghistoryofagriculturecoupledwiththediversityoftheenvironment,Ethiopiais oneofthe12Vavilovcentersofcropgeneticdiversity. TheEthiopianfloraisestimatedtocontainnearly7000speciesofhigherplants,ofwhich about 12 percent are endemic, . the vegetation types with the highest proportion of endemicsarethewoodlands,followedbytheAfroalpineandSubafroalpine. EthiopiaisthecenteroforiginforvariouscropspeciesincludingArabicacoffee,Teff,Niger seedorNoug(Guizotiaabyssinica)Enset(Enseteventricosum),andsorghuminpart.other cropspeciesthathavehighgeneticdiversityinthecountyarebarley,wheat,fababean, fieldpea,lentil,linseed,andsesame,inaddition,therearevariouswildplantsthatare usedbycommunitiesforvariouspurposes,includingmedicinaluse, AccordingtotheEthiopianinstituteofbiodiversity,therearenoknownbiodiversityhot spotareastobeaffectedalongtheproposedlineroute. On the other hand, pursuant to the Ethiopian coffee forest forum (ECFF), there are no knownbiospherecoreareasthatmaybeaffectedbytheprojectsofar. XII.
SYNTHESISOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
The possible negative and positive impacts predicted were classified as very important, more important, important, fair important, and less important. They are seen in the environmentalmatrixtablebelow. Theimpactsidentifiedarealsodiscussedinthematrixtable.
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Table7SynthesisofEnvironmentalImpactMatrix
No Environmentcomponents Preconstructionphase Line Land route Acquisition survey 0 0 0 0 0 0 Constructionstageactivitycomponents Equipment Tree Foundation andmaterial cutting tower mobilization &corridor erection and free stringing d 0 C E E D 0 0 0 d d e d d d 0 0 0 E D C E e 0 c e d Accessroads construction Operationphase Induction Electromagnetic Radio influence Waveeffluence interference
SocialeconomicEnv. Residentialareas Income Culturalandhistoricalsites Health&safety Quitdailylife Societyunrest
c C 0 0 0 E
0 e 0 0 e e c e e
0 0 0 0 e 0
0 0 0 e e 0 0 0 0
E 0 0 0 0 e
II PhysicalEnvironment Soil 0 0 Airquality 0 0 Landuse 0 0 III BiologicalEnvironment Flora Fauna E 0 Parksandreserves e 0 0 0 PositiveImpact D=FairImportant A=Veryimportant E=LessImportant B=MoreImportant C=Important
0 0 0
0 0 0
E E 0
d d 0
e e 0
C E 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
e e 0
NegativeImpact a=Veryimportant b=MoreImportant c=Important
d=FairImportant e=LessImportant
O=Noimportant
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XIII.
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN(EMP)
XIII.1. General The environmental management plan is concerned with implementation of the recommended mitigations necessary to avoid, minimize or offset adverse impacts and enhancepositiveimpacts. Environmentalmanagementmustbefullyintegratedwiththeoverallprojectmanagement effortatalllevels,whichitselfshouldbeaimedatprovidingahighlevelofqualitycontrol, leading to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and functions efficientlythroughoutitslife. XIII.2. InstitutionalArrangement The implementation responsibility of the EMP rests on EEPCo or EEPCos contracted representativesunlessnotedotherwise. To a considerable degree, construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures but the ultimate responsibility to ensure the proposed mitigation measuresaretakenproperlyisofEEPCo. The Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) will oversea all the environmental activitiesrelatedtotheproject. The office of agricultural and rural development, health departments and other stake holderswillbeinvolvedwiththeirspecificresponsibilitiesintheenvironmentalandsocio economicactivities. Theirresponsibilitiesareexercisedinthedifferentstages,preconstruction,construction, andoperationandmaintenancephases. XIII.3. PreconstructionPhase Prior to contractors mobilization and commencement of construction, environmental managementwillbeconcernedwiththefollowingprincipalactivities: Ensure that all government and funding agencys requirements and procedures relatingtoESIAarecompliedwith. Ensure environmental and social considerations have beengiven due consideration andthemajorclausesareincorporatedinthecontractdocument. Implementationofcompensationpaymentsandlandorpropertyacquisitions.
FinalESIAAlabahosanawolkitejimmaAgarbedele.doc 5275 21September2010
Asaproponent,EEPCowillberesponsibleforsubmittingtheESIAreporttotheauthorized EPAfortheirevaluationandtheircomment. XIII.4. ConstructionPhase Most of the environmental management activities would be carried out during the construction phase for the fact that most of the impacts areexpected to be occurred at thisstage. Mostoftheimpactstobeoccurredintheconstructionphasecanbereducedoravoided throughtheapplicationofsoundconstructionguidelines. Managementismuchconcernedwithcontrollingimpactsthatmayresultfromtheaction of the contractor, through enforcement of the construction contract clauses related to protectionoftheenvironmentasawholeandofthecomponentswithinit. It is important to recognize that successful mitigations can only be achieved if the environmental protection measures, as set out in the construction contract are properly enforced. XIII.5. OperationPhase Environmentalmanagementandmonitoringatthisstagewillbetheresponsibilityofthe powersystemplanningofEEPCo,withtheimplementationbeingcarriedouteitherbyits own professionals or by contractors. The environmental and social experts of EEPCo are expectedtotakeonageneraloveralladvisoryroleduringtheoperationalphase. XIII.6. SocioeconomicImpacts XIII.6.1. Compensation EEPCo is fully committed to prepare RAP and pay full compensation for each lost items (houses, Tukuls and other properties) as per the Federal Proclamation No 455/2005. The compensationshallbecompletedbeforethecommencementoftheconstructionactivities. For the successful compensation implementation, there will be a property valuation committee designated by the woredas administration (i.e., the local government administration) of the specific project areas. The committee would consist of different expertswithrelevantqualificationstovaluethepropertiesthereon. The affected households and their family members would be adequately compensated consideringtheassetsandopportunitiestheyleavebehindandexpensesthatarerequired forthesupportoftheirlivelihood. Theschemewouldbefullybackedbyappropriatetechnicalandadministrationsupports.
XIII.6.2. ImpactsonResidentialPlacesandCommunityServices Impacts on residential place and community services can be avoided or minimized by careful selection of ROWs. However, the number of houses still to be affected is about 572. The line surveying team during the route alignment takes all possible measures to minimizethenumberofresidentialhousesandtukulstobeaffectedbytheproject. Wehavealsogotconfirmationfromthelinesurveyorsthatduringthefinalroutesurvey period,theywilltakeduecaretominimizetheimpactsonresidentialhousesinasmuch aspossibletobeevenmuchlessthanthenumberindicatedabove. To avoid any visual impacts on churches, mosques, graveyards, schools and health institutions,itwasgivenspecialattentionduringthelinesurveythatnoneofthemwould beaffectedbythetransmissionlineconstructionandoperationactivities.Theyarealready madetobekeptoffthecorridorline. For the residential houses and tukuls to be affected, there will be paid proper compensationforeachhouseholdtobeaffectedrightbeforethecommencementofthe constructionworks. Theprojectaffectedhouseholdsfullyagreedandacceptedtoremovetheirexistinghouses and tukuls from the ROWs (corridor line) and rebuild their new ones by themselves on theirownlandholdings,assoonastheygetduecompensationpayments.
XIII.6.3. Health and Safety XIII.6.3.1. Safety The contractor is responsible to organize on site environmental management and safety trainingsforitsconstructionworkforcesatleastonemonthpriortothecommencement oftheconstruction.EMUofEEPCowillsuperviseandmonitortheactivities. The contractor during the construction period should regularly provide adequate safety equipmentsandorientationtoitsemployees. Thecontractorandsubcontractorsthroughouttheconstructionperiodwillberequired touseappropriatevehiclesandcompliedlegalgrossvehicleandaxleloadlimits.Theyare alsorequiredtorepairdamagesatownexpense. Thecontractorshouldminimizeroadsafetyhazardsandinconveniencetootherroadusers bytakingallappropriatemeasuresduringtheconstructionperiod. Public safety may not be a significant problem since residents with ROW area will be relocated. Thetransmissionlinewouldberegularlycheckedwhetherornottheyareatlowslungso
thatpromptactionwouldbetakenontime. During operational phase safety orientation in schools along the transmission line will furtherminimizeimpactsonthelocalcommunities. XIII.6.3.2. HazardousMaterials Duringtheconstructionofsubstationsandlineconstruction,thecontractorshallcomply thefollowing: Safelyhandlesandstoreshazardousmaterials Seekdirectionsfromtheengineerfordisposalofhazardousmaterial Cleanupspillsofhazardousmaterialsimmediately Suppressfiresonoradjacenttoconstructionorancillarysites In case of spill of hazardous materials, relevant departments will be informed at onceanddealwithitinaccordancewiththespillcontingencyplan. XIII.6.3.3. PCBsChemicals StrictprocedureswouldbefollowedtoorderthecompaniesandimportPCBsfree transformers,capacitors,andotherelectricalequipments FortheproposednewsubstationstherewouldinstallnewPCBsfreetransformers, capacitors,andotherelectricalequipments. AspertheStockholmconvention,mostcompaniesormanufacturershavealready stoppedmanufacturingPCBscontainingtransformersandcapacitorsespecially. XIII.6.3.4. Health XIII.6.3.4.1. DustNuisance
Heavytrucksandothervehiclesdeliveringmaterialsshallbecoveredtoreducespillsand dustblowingofftheloadthroughoutthealignmentduringtheconstructionperiod. Watering of roads and control of traffic speed limit will be done by the contractor to minimizedustarisingfromaccessroadsduringtheconstructionperiod. XIII.6.3.4.2. Noise Duringtheconstructionperiodworkersinthevicinityofstrongnoisewillwearearplugs.
Machinesandvehicleswillbemaintainedtokeepnoiseataminimum. XIII.6.3.4.3. SexuallyTransmittedInfections(STIs) ThereshouldbeanaggressiveapproachtofightagainstSTIsincludingHIV/AIDS. Healtheducationwouldbeprovidedtotheconstructionworkforceandlocalcommunities nearbyduringconstructionperiod. Thelocaladministrationshouldplayvitalroleincontrollinginformalsectoractivitiesnear theprojectcampsandconstructionsites. The contractor is expected to provide condoms to construction employees during constructionperiod. XIII.6.3.4.4. OtherInfectiousDiseases Thecontractorshouldcomplythefollowingduringconstructionperiod: Thecontractorshoulduseabovewatertablepitlatrinesatmajorconstructionsite. Provideandmaintainproperdrinkingwater. Workershealthcheckupandsewageanddisposalfacilitiesatcamp. Campsshallbelocatedawayfromwatersource(atleast100metersawayfrom). Sufficient measures would be taken by the contractor in the construction camps like provision of garbage tanks and sanitation facilities including septic tank and soakawaypits Wastefromseptictankswillbecleanedperiodically. Garbagewillbecollectedincoveredbinsanddisposedoffdaily. Make certain that there is a good drainage to avoid creation of stagnant water bodiesincludingwaterinoldtiresasinsectbreedingareas. Provideadequatesanitationandwastedisposalatconstructioncamps. Provideadequatehealthcarefacilitiesforworkers. Comprehensive occupational health standards established by the government wouldbefollowedbythecontractor.
XIII.7. BiophysicalEnvironment XIII.7.1. VegetationClearance Duringtheconstructionperiod: Vegetation clearance shall be undertaken once consent to clear strip plantation /individualtreesalongthealignmenthasbeenobtainedfromeachowner. Instructallconstructionworkerstorestrictclearingtothemarkedareasandnotto harvestanyforestproductsforpersonalconsumption. Ensurethatallclearingisundertakenwithminimaldisturbancetothesurrounding environmentwithintheextentofapprovedsitesonly.
XIII.7.2. ProtectionofVegetation Priortocommencingtheconstructionactivitiesthecontractorwould: Identifyvegetationthatwillneedtoberemoved/protected. Remove identified trees in such a way as to minimize damage to surrounding vegetation. Ensuretheconstructioncrewisawareoftheremainingvegetationmustnotbe touchedordamaged. XIII.7.3. ErosionControlMeasures
Prior to the commencement of vegetation clearing, the contractor should clearly mark the areas to be cleared. No clearing of vegetation shall be done outsideoftheseareas. Ensurerevegetationatallworksitesattheearliesttimeandselecttreespecies suitableforsoilconservationpurposesimmediatelyfollowingtheconstruction works. Following the completion of works the contractor shall prepare areas for rehabilitation by revegetation. It is preferred to engage local communities to plantdifferenttrees. XIII.7.4. WaterPollution Duringconstructionperiodthecontractorshalltrainworkcrewsinsafehandlingofpetro chemicals.
XIII.7.5. WasteManagement Duringtheconstructionperiodandsitecleanup,thecontractorwould: Removedisabledequipmentincludingmachineriesfromthearea. Crushburnandburyallinorganicsolidwastesinanapproveddisposalareaonly. Containallsolidwastesatdesignatedlocationwithinconstructionsitesonly. XIII.7.6. ReinstatementofServices The contractor would take all inventories of all services to be reinstated prior to interruptionofanyservices. Maintain or provide temporary services during construction including temporary watersupply. Progressivelyreinstateorrepairallinterruptedservicestotheirpreviousposition. Theengineerwouldinspectandcertifytheadequatereinstatementofservices. Thecontractorshallfillexcavatedsiteswithappropriatefillandfinallycoveredwith reservedtopsoil. XIII.7.7. LossofTrees During theclearing operation the contractor should avoid treeclearing outside of ROWs beyondwhatisrequiredforconstructionactivities. Thecontractoraftercompletionofitsconstructionworkshallrevegetateareasthathave beenclearedfortemporaryworksaccordingtoarevegetationactionplan. XIII.7.8. Revegetation Aftercompletionofevery10kmofROWthecontractorshould: Progressivelysowalldisturbedconstructionandancillarysitesurfaceswithacover cropmix. Progressively implement revegetation works commencing in the correct planting season. EMUofEEPCowillmonitortheeffectivenessofrevegetationmeasurepossiblyin everysixmonthsfortwoyears.
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EnvironmentalManagementPlantable
Environmental ImpactIssues Landand Building acquisition Safety orientation MitigationMeasures Location Alignmentof impact Throughout ROW Timing Beforethecommencementof construction Beforethecommencementof construction ResponsibleOrganization Implementation EEPCo EEPCo Supervision Monitoring EEPCo Engineer
PreConstructionStage Completeallnecessarylandandbuildingacquisitionin accordancewiththecommencementofanyconstruction works. Providecopiesoflandacquisitiondetailstotheengineers andcontractor.
Providealistofaffectedpropertyownerstothecontractor. Organizeenvironmentalmanagementandsafetytraining. Allcontractorsandsupervisingconsultantfieldsupervisors shallattendthetraining.
Throughout ROW Onsite
Beforethecommencementof construction Atlistonemonthpriorto commencementof construction
EEPCo Supervision consultant contractor
EEPCo EEPCo
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ConstructionStage Vegetation Inspectandapproveallcorrectlylocatedandpegged clearance clearingsites.Vegetationclearanceshallonlybe undertakenonceconsenttoclearstripplantation. Individualtreesalongthealimenthavebeenobtained fromeachowner. Instructallconstructionworkerstorestrictclearingtothe markedareasandnotharvestanyforestproductsfor personalconsumption. Ensurethatallclearingisundertakenwithminimal disturbancetothesurroundingenvironment,withinthe extentofapprovedsitesonly. Erosion Clearlymarktheareastobeclearedofvegetationbefore clearingcommences.Noclearingofvegetationshall occuroutsideoftheseareas. Wheneverpossibleavoidclearingconstructionareas, accesstrucksandconstructioncampsonsteepslopes/ productiveagriculturalland. Followingcompletionofworks,prepareareasfor rehabilitationbyrevegetationorengagelocal communitytoplantvegetation. Ensuretopsoilisleftinanoncompactedcondition followingcompletionofworks. Ensurerevegetationattheearliesttime Followingcompletionofwoksprepareareasfor rehabilitationbyrevegetationorengagelocal communitytoplantvegetation.
ThroughoutROW ThroughoutROW
Beforeclearingofthe vegetationalongasectionof theroad. Beforeclearingthevegetation alongROW.
Engineer Contractor
EEPCo Engineer
Each1kmofthe road Allprojectareas Atallworksites Atallworksites Atallworksites Atallworksites
Priortocommencementof vegetationclearing Priortocommencementof construction Immediatelyfollowing completionofworks Immediatelyfollowing completionofworks Immediatelyfollowing completionofworks Immediatelyfollowing completionofworks
Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor
Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer Engineer
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Water Pollution
Waste managemen t
Noise
Ensurethatpotentialsourcesofpetrochemical pollutionarehandledinsuchawaytoreducechemical spillsandleaks. Trainworkcrewsinsafehandlingofpetrochemicals. Minimizesoilsedimentationasoutlinedundersediment control Containallsolidwastesatdesignatedlocationwithin constructionsites. Crushburnandburyallinorganicsolidwasteinan approveddisposalarea. Removedisabledequipment,includingmachineryfrom thearea. Useabovewatertablepitlatrinesatmajorconstruction sites. Compostallgreenorbiodegradablewaste. Usewellmaintainedequipment(withmufflerswhere appropriate) Usenoisescreensormoundsnearresidences,schools andhealthcenters. Carryoutnoisyconstructionactivitiesduringdaylight Adviselocalpeoplewhentherewillbeunusuallyhigh levelsofnoise
Throughout alignment
Priortocommencementof construction
Contractor
Engineer
Throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction
Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor
Engineer Engineer /supervisor Engineer /supervisor Engineer /supervisor Engineer /supervisor Engineer
Throughoutconstruction period
Contractor
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Protectionofsensitive environmentalareas
Protectionofvegetation
Identifynaturalareasonsiteplans, especiallyenvironmentallysensitiveor ecologicallyfragileareas. Locateconstructionsites/activitiesaway fromsensitiveareas. Providetrainingtoconstructionteamsto ensureanunderstandingofthe requirementsregardingenvironmental protectionofsites. Identifyvegetationthatwillneedtobe removed/protected. Removeidentifiedtreesinsuchawayasto minimizedamagetosurroundingvegetation Ensuretheconstructioncrewisaware remainingvegetationmustnotbetouched ordamaged.
Priortocommencementof works Throughoutconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
Duringsitepreparation Priortoconstruction Priortocommencementof construction
Contractor
Engineer
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WorkersCamp
Archaeologicalsites
Contractortoprepareforapprovaldetailed siteenvironmentalplansforthebase campsandotherworksites,whichmake adequateprovisionforsafedisposalofall wastesandpreventionofspillagesand leakagesofpollutingmaterialsetc. Contractortoberequiredtopayallcosts associatedwithclearingupanypollution causedbyhisactivitiesandtopayfull compensationtothoseaffected. Ifnecessarysolidwastefromthecamp shallbedisposedoffinasanitarylandfill. Fenceoffarcheologicalsites,ifanysighted /uncoveredduringworksandreportitto theappropriateauthority.
Beforeconstruction starts Postuseofthesite Campsite
Throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction
Contractor Contractor
Engineer Engineer
Atallprojectsites
Priortothecommencementof worksandthroughout construction
Contractor
Engineer
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Socioenvironmental issues
Drainage
Advisethelocalcommunityofprojectplans inadvanceofconstructionandinvolve theminthesiteconstructionplanning process. Identifyculturalsensitiveareasandavoid disturbingthem. Controlrunoffandmanagesedimentnear residentialareas. Arrangeforlocalpeopletobeemployed andtrained. Includewomen,poorandvulnerable groupsintheimplementationofthe projectactivities. Negotiateandagreewithcommunityabout disposalareasandstockpilessites. Constructalldesigneddrainageworksprior to,duringorimmediatelyfollowing excavationworkinordertominimizethe erosionhazard. Inspectallworksandancillarysitesfor drainageanderosionproblemsaftereach majorstormeventduringtheperiodof construction.Repairallfaileddrainsand takeotherappropriateactionasdirected bytheEngineer
Forthewhole project Atallprojectsites Forthewhole project
Contractor Priortocommencementof works. Priortocommencementofand throughoutconstruction Throughoutconstruction Priortocommencementofand throughoutconstruction
Engineer
Beginningwithandcontinuing throughoutconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
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Disposalofmaterials
Instructtheconstructionworkforceon approvedfill/materialdisposallocations andstrictlysupervisethecorrect placementoffillatthesesites. Identify,pegandseekapprovalfromthe Engineerforpermissibledisposallocations. Inspectandapproveallcorrectlylocated disposallocations. Inventoryallservicestobereinstated. Progressivelyreinstateorrepairall interruptedservicestotheirprevious capacity. Inspectandcertifytheadequate reinstatementofservices.
Throughoutconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
Reinstatementof services
Priortointerruptionofany service Followingconstruction
Contractor Engineer
Engineer EEPCo
Stockpilingof Locate,pegandseekapprovalfrom constructionmaterials Engineerfortheuseofstockpilesite Obtainwrittenpermissionfromlandowners forstockpilingontheirtemporarilyacquired land Inspect&approveallcorrectlylocated stockpilesites Siteplansshallincludealldrainage provisionsforconstructionsites Locatestockpilesorspoilheapssothereis noblockingofdrainagelines.
Wheneverencounteredduring construction
Contractor
Engineer/ EEPCo Engineer
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WorkForceCamps
Workforce Management
DustNuisance Noise
Locate,pegandseekapprovalfromthe engineerforworkforcecampsites. Inspectandapprovecorrectlylocated campsites. Provideandmaintainproperdrinkingwater, workershealthcheckupandselvageand wastedisposalfacilitiesatthecamps. Recycleordisposeofsolidwasteasdirected bytheEngineer. Ensureworkersactinaresponsiblemanner tolocalpeopleanddonotharvestortake personalresources,forestproductsor wildlife. Ensurethatnoorminimalwoodisburntby anyconstructionworkeronoroffsite. Heavytruckdeliveringmaterialsshallwater /sprinkleroadstoreducedustproblem. Vehicleswillbemaintainedtokeepnoiseat minimum
Constructioncamp leasearea
Contractorfor
Engineer/ EEPCo
Nearconstruction campsites
Beforeandduringbuildingof constructioncamps.
Contractor
Engineer EEPCo.
Throughout alignment Throughout alignment
Beginningwithandcontinuing throughoutconstruction. Beginningwithandcontinuing throughoutconstruction.
Contractor
Engineer
Contractor
Engineer
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Siltation AlterationofDrainage
Constructionmaterialscontainingfine particlese.g.aggregates,limestoneetc.will bestoredinanenclosureawayfromwater bodiestoensurethatsedimentladenwater doesnotdrainintonearbywatercourses.
Nearcross drainage Throughconstruction structuresand waterbodies
Contractor
Engineer
Contaminationfrom wastes
Contaminationfrom fuelandlubricants
Insectionsalongwatercoursesearthand constructionwastewillbeproperlydisposed ofsoastonotblockriversandstreams, resultinginadverseimpactonwaterquality. Allnecessarymeasureswillbetakento preventearthworksfromimpedingcross drainageatrivers/streams,canal/existing irrigationanddrainagesystems. Alljustifiablemeasureswillbetakento preventthewastewaterproducedat constructioncampsfromenteringdirectly intoriversandirrigationsystems.A minimumdistanceofanysewagesourceor toiletfacilityshouldbe100mfromwater sources. Vehiclemaintenanceandrefuelingwillbe confinedtoareasinconstructioncamps designedtocontainspilledlubricantsand fuels.Wastepetroleumproductsmustbe collected,storedandtakentoapprove disposalsites,accordingtoEPAregulation.
Nearcross drainage structures Nearcrossdrainage structures
Wheneverencounteredduring construction Wheneverencounteredduring construction
Engineer Engineer
Nearcamps drainagestructures andrivers/streams
Throughconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
Constructioncamp leasearea
Throughconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
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Sanitationandwaste disposalin constructioncamps
IncreaseinWater borne,Insectborne Communicable Diseases
Campsshallbelocatedataminimum distanceof100mfromwatersources. Sufficientmeasureswillbetakeninthe constructioncamps.Tanksandsanitation facilitiesincludingseptictankandsoakpits. Wasteinseptictankswillbecleared periodically. Drinkingwaterwillmeetnationalstandards. Garbagewillbecollectedincoveredbins anddisposedofdaily Specialattentionshallbepaidtothe sanitaryconditionofcamps. Makecertainthatthereisgooddrainageat allconstructionareas,toavoidcreationof stagnantwaterbodiesespeciallyinurban/ industrialareasincludingwaterinoldtires. Provideadequatehealthcareforworkers andlocatecampsawayfromvulnerable groups.
Atallconstruction andcampsites
Beforeand duringbuildingof constructioncamps. Throughoutconstruction period
Contractor
Engineer
Atallconstruction andcampsites
Duringconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
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CulturalResources
Hazardsand HazardousMaterials
CompactionofSoil
Ifarchaeologicalrelicsorremainsare discovered,theappropriateauthorityshould benotifiedimmediately.Theconstruction shouldbestoppeduntiltheauthorized organizationassessestheremainsand approvescontinuationofworkafter appropriatemeasuresarecomplemented. Safelyhandleandstorehazardousmaterials. Providedisposaldirectionstothecontractor whenrequested. Cleanupspillsofhazardousmaterials immediately. Suppressfiresonoradjacenttoconstruction orancillarysites. Incaseofspillofhazardousmaterials, relevantdepartmentswillbeinformedat onceandwilldealwithitinaccordancewith thespillcontingencyplan. Constructionvehiclesshouldoperatewithin thealignmentofimpacti.e.approx.20mto eithersideofthecenterlinetoavoided damagingsoil,andvegetation
Wheneversuch archaeological remainsare discovered
Archeological organization
Engineer EEPCo
Throughoutconstructionas andwhenrequired
Contractor
Engineer EEPCo Engineer Engineer EEPCO
Throughout alignment especiallyin productiveareas
Duringconstruction
Contractor
Engineer
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Lossoftrees
TreeclearingoutsideROWshouldbe avoidedbeyondwhatisrequiredfor constructionactivitiesand/ortoprovide adequateconductorclearance. Allvegetatedareasclearedfortemporary worksiteswillberevegetatedaccordingto arevegetationactionplan
Throughout alignment Areasofproposed treeplantings
Duringclearing/grubbing activities Aftercompletionconstruction activities
Engineer Engineer
PostConstructionStage Revegetation Progressivelysowalldisturbedconstruction andancillarysitesurfaceswithacovercrop miximmediatelyfollowingfinaluseofeach ancillarysite. Progressivelyimplementrevegetation workscommencinginthecorrectplanting season. Regularlymonitortheeffectivenessofre vegetationmeasures Establishasiterevegetationplan.Where possibleinvolvelocalcommunitytoprovide materialsandimplementrevegetation. Rehabilitateancillarysitessuchasborrow areas,campsites,materialstoragesitesetc. withinonemonthoftheirfinaluse, includingtheremovalofstructures,refuse, stockpilesandothertemporaryfeatures. Revegetatethesiteswithacovercropand permanentvegetationasappropriate
Aftercompletionconstruction activities
Contractor
Engineer
Sitedecommissioning
Anancillarysites
Ancillarysite Rehabilitation
Atallancillarysites
Immediatelyfollowing completionofconstruction work Within1monthoffinaluseof theancillarysite
Contractor
Engineer
Contractor
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XIV. ENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPLAN Environmental monitoring is an essential component of project implementation. It facilitates and ensures the followup of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, as they are required. It helps to anticipate possible environmental hazards and/ordetectunpredictedimpactsovertime. Methodsofmonitoringincludes: Visualobservation Selectionofenvironmentalparametersatspecificlocations. Samplingandregulartestingoftheseparameters. Monitoring provides a very useful feedback, which permits to correct the incidence of environmental problems at the right moment during the project construction and operationperiods. XIV.1. SoilErosionMonitoring Theexcavationofearthfortheestablishmentoftowers,temporaryandpermanentaccess roads, work camps and storage facilities will exacerbate soil erosion. It will therefore be theresponsibilityofthecontractorsimplementationandeffectivenessoferosioncontrol measures.Focusshouldbegiventoworksiteswheresoilisdisturbedanditsimmediate environaswellasalongtheROWduringandaftervegetationclearing. XIV.2. MonitoringofVegetationClearing Uniquestandsofindigenoustreesshouldnotberemovedfortheestablishmentoftowers. Thecontractorsengineershouldmakesurethattheuniquetreestandsidentifiedduring thestudyshouldnotberemoved. Monitoring rehabilitation of work sites the contractor should ensure that areas used as temporary campsites for workers are progressively rehabilitated, as they are no longer required,onceasiteisrehabilitated,itshouldbesignedoffbyEEPCosenvironmental staff. XIV.3. MonitoringofAccidents/Health The Contractor must make sure that appropriate signs are posted at appropriate locations/positionstominimize/eliminateriskofelectrocutions. Inaddition,thecontractorsshouldmakesurethat:
Measures to create awareness regarding sexually transmitted diseases, primarily HIV/AIDS,andotherdiseasessuchasmalaria,etc. Preventive measures to reduce/eliminate malaria, and other infections where/wheneverappropriateareputinplace, Periodichealthsurveyiscarriedoutalongthetransmissionroute. XIV.4. 10.4MonitoringResponsibilities EEPCowillhaveoverallresponsibilitytooverseethatallenvironmentalmeasuresareput in place and that regulations are enforced. The construction consultant should assist EEPCointhisprocessinordertomakesurethatthecontractorfulfillstheenvironmental requirements. Some relevant stakeholders, like the Federal or Regional EPAs may also conductjointmonitoringasdeemednecessary. XIV.5. 10.5MonitoringIndicators Thefollowingparameterscouldbeusedasindicators. Presenceofpostedvisiblesignsontowers. Presenceofsanitaryfacilitiesatcampsites. Level of awareness of communities pertaining to dangers/risks associated with powerlines. Presence/absence of unique stands of ingenious trees along the power line establishmentroute;and Accident reports records on accidents associated with the establishment of the transmissionlinewouldbecompiledbyengineerandsubmittedtoEMU.
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Table8SynthesisofEnvironmentalMonitoringMatrix.
ActivityPhase IPreconstruction Resource Sitesurvey Environmental Components Plants belongingto residents Thesociety wherethe lowerbasisare Workers Recruitment Airquality Notice Routeclearance Towererectionand stringing Societyland Spaceandarea Environmental Indicators Plantdamage Weight Effect e Locationoftheobservations Standardization Thewidthofthe plantdamagedarea. Thelandacquisition hasbeensuitable withtherules. Leveloflabor recruitment Airquality Standard Noisequality standard Newlandfunctions Areasaroundtowersand lines Areasaroundtowerslines Observation frequency Once
Landacquisition
Society complaint Society complaint Dustpollution Noise Plantdamage Landuse
Time(beforeandafterland acquisition Onceatsixmonth Onceatsixmonth Onceatsixmonth Once Onceatsixmonths
II:Construction
Laborequipment andmaterial mobilization
D e e c e
Traffic IIIoperation Electricpower transmission Maintenance Freearea
Trafficnuisance EMfield
e e
Aroundthetowercloseto residence Closetoresidencepartof thetowerclosetoresidence Partofthetowercloseto credence Partofthetowercloseto residence Changesinarea Partofthetowercloseto function,erosionand residence landslideproblems. Leveloftraffic Partofthetowercloseto nuisance residence Freeareaaccording Underthetowersandinthe totherules R.O.W Howmanyplantsare damaged Howmucherosion appears Partofthetowercloseto residence Thetowerssole
Onceatsixmonth Atthebeginningofoperations andeverysixmonths Onceatsixmonths Onceatsixmonths
Societyplants Excavation activity
Plantdamages Land slide/erosion
e e
PositiveImpact A=Veryimportant B=MoreImportant C=Important
D=FairImportant E=LessImportant
NegativeImpact a=Veryimportant b=MoreImportant c=Important

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d=FairImportant e=LessImportant O=Noimportant

21 September 2010
XV. ESTIMATEDMITIGATIONANDMONITORINGCOSTS ThetotalestimatedcostsformitigationwouldbeBirr43,423,655(USD3,143,998.88)The cost covers to meet for compensation, environmental management including soil conservationactivities,HIV/AIDSinterventions,monitoringandcapacitybuilding. Table9MitigationAndMonitoringCostsSummary
No.
1 2 3 5 6 7
Items
Compensationforpermanentlossoftrees Compensationfordwellinghouses Compensation for Perennial and annual croploss HIV/AIDSintervention Soilconservationactivities&reforestation EnvironmentalMonitoring
CostinBirr CostinUSD
6,356,250 20,395,000 11,874,800 250,000 500,000 100,000
460,210.98 1,476,657.30 859,770.05 18,100.73 36,201.45 7,240.29 2,858,180.80 285,818.08
Total
contingency10%
Grandtotal
39,476,050 3,947,605 43,423,655
3,143,998.88
ExchangeratedateJuly6,2010 1USD=13.8116Birr XVI. CONCLUSION Fromtheenvironmentalandsocialpointsofview,theproposed230kVtransmissionline project poses minimum impact on the existing biophysical and socioeconomic environment. The overall mitigation cost as compared to the total project cost is minimal. It is only about4%ofthetotalprojectcost. Therefore, it is highly recommended to implement the selected scheme of the Alaba HossanaWolkiteGibeIJimmaAgaroBedeleTransmissionlineprojectsoastosupply theenergyreliablyandmeetthedemandsrequiredinthecountryfromthecheaphydro energycomingfromtheoperationalhydropowerplantsandthehydropowerprojectsto come.Thiswilldefinitelyfacilitateagroindustrialdevelopments;improvetheruralsocio economicstructureandlivingstandardsoftheruralpoor.
FinalESIAAlabahosanawolkitejimmaAgarbedele.doc747521September2010
REFERENCES
ConstitutionoftheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopia,ProclamationNo.1/1995 EnvironmentalPolicyofEthiopia,EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority,AddisAbaba,April 2008 FDRE Proclamation No.9: Environmental Protection Authority Establishment Proclamation,August1995 FDREProclamationNo.295,EnvironmentalOrgansEstablishmentProclamation,October 2002 FDREProclamationNo.300:EnvironmentalPollutionControlProclamation,Dec2002 FDRE Proclamation No. 455: Expropriation of Land holdings for Public Purposes and PaymentofCompensation,July2005 FDREProclamationNo.299:EnvironmentalImpactAssessment,December2002 GuidelinesforthepreparationofaResettlementActionplan,June2003 Wolde Michael kelecha: A glossary of Ethiopian Plant Names, 4th edition, Revised and enlarged,January1987 JohnBlower:ShellguidetothewildlifeofEthiopia,1969 InternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC),Handbookforpreparingaresettlementplan,first edition;WashingtonDC,USA;IFC(Environmentandsocialdevelopment,April2002 International Finance Corporation (IFC), Doing Better Business through effective public consultationanddisclosure. International Finance Corporation, guidance notes: performance standards on social and environmentalsustainability,April2006 FactsinBrief:EthiopianElectricPowerCorporation/EEPCo/2008/09 WorldBankEnvironmentalAssessmentsourcebookvol.III:Guidelinesforenvironmental AssessmentofEnergyandIndustryProject;WashingtonDC,1991 Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society: Important Bird Areas of Ethiopia, first inventory,December1996,AddisAbaba TheFDREStateofEnvironmentreportforEthiopia,August2003,AddisEthiopian
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FEDERALDEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFETHIOPIA

Preparedby CorporatePlanningProcess PowersystemplanningOffice EnvironmentalandSocialexperts September,2010

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

VII.9. VIII. IX.

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

XIV.1. XIV.2. XIV.3. XIV.4. XIV.5. XV. XVI.

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

ANNEXI ANNEXII ANNEXIII

PublicconsultationMinutesofmeeting RelevantProclamations ListofcontactOffices

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Thelineisalsosupposetomakeastronginterlinkbetweenthe132kVlinesonthesouth westandthe400kVlinesoncentralsouthpartofthecountryaswellasthefuturepower plantssuchasGojebandHaleleWerabessa,

Ethhiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

AlabaHossainaWelkite&GilgelGibe I(Sekoru)JimmaAgaroBedele230kV PowerTransmissionProject Location Map

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc 14 - 75 21 September 2010

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

otheractivitiesthatwouldenableittoachieveitsstatedobjectives.EEPCOisexecuting agencyforthisproject.AsanimplementingagencyEEPCOshallhaveresponsibilitytocarry outitsdevelopmentactivitiesinthemannerthatwillprotecttheEnvironment.

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Executive Officer Transmission Construction

Executive Officer Transmission Operation

Executive Officer Distribution Systems

Executive Officer Marketing andSales

Executive Officer Universal Electrification

Executive Officer Financeand SupplyChain

Executive Officer Human Resources

Executive Officer Corporate Services

Final ESIA Alaba-hosana-wolkite -jimma-Agar--bedele.doc

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

XI.2. PopulationandDemographicCharacteristics ThetotalpopulationoftheWoredaswherethetransmissionlinecrosses(routelength65 km)isestimatedabout1,428,914acrossthelineroute. Theaveragepopulationdensityoftheworedascrossingtheproposedlinerouteisabout

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

The possible mitigation measures to be undertaken especially during compensationandexpropriationprocedures.

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

June30,2010. Theteamhasalsoconductedvariousdiscussionsandmeetingsonsimilarissueswiththe DevelopmentsectorofficesatFederal,RegionalandZonallevelsincludingtheEthiopian WildlifeAuthorityandtheNaturalHistorySocietyofEthiopiaandHIV/AIDSsecretariats.

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EEPCo