THE KNOW-HOW AND INSTALLATION FOR CLEANING SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS by K. Efimov, K.

Shamiev, N. Rogov, I. Kulakov, A. Ilinichev and A. Kurilenko

Annually, on Globe the ecological catastrophes connected with flood of petroleum and petroleum for want of failures happen during production and transportation of petroleum. Contaminations, originating for want of it, of water and the soils put huge damage to an environment and for liquidation of their consequences the large costs are required. On territory of Russia annually happen less scale, but constants of failure and floods of petroleum on oil-sites, oil pipelines, on oil storages. It is necessary to mark that fact, that the more time has passed from the moment of failure, the more difficult is to liquidate it of a consequence, as the easy factions evaporated and in a ground are accumulated heavy petroleum factions - black oil and bitumen For cleaning of grounds of such contaminations are now used various cleaning methods, such as: - Thermal, for want of which the petroleum burn together with soil in special installations at the temperature of 1200 0C and ashes is buried; - Microbiological, connected with processing of soil by the strains, which use petroleum as a nutritious medium. - Physical -chemical methods, such as extraction, based on washdown of soils by solutions surface - active substances and solvents, centrifuging, processing the ferry etc.; But in the main certainly polluted ground it acts in special sites where and is stored before the best times . The method, used in a mobile complex, of cleaning of grounds integrates the most successful engineering solutions of existing technologies of extraction of petroleum and petroleum from grounds. The cleaning installation has a modular construction, that ensures it mobility and possibility of transportation with any kind of the transport. The principle of work of installation is indicated on the block diagram (pic.1). In installation the method ultrasonic extraction and filtration is used. Ultrasonic extraction is based on magnification mass-exchange in pores of a rigid phase under an operation of ultrasound for want of repeated strain of partiles of soil. The essence of used technology consists of the following: Dirty ground select by the bulldozer or dredge and load into a receiving device of the Module 1. In a receiving device representing roller-crusher a ground treat by warm water with de-emulgator, separate large subjects, garbage. At the bottom of the Module 1 at the expense of work mixer and of an original construction will

be derivated water-petroleum pulp, which by the pump give to the Module 2 and the branch of partiles of a ground by a size 10 mm happens. In the Module 2 pulp, previously gone through a special filter for deleting partiles by a size more than 5 mm, are divided in the separator into four phases: petroleum, water and water-clay suspension, and also heavy ground. Each from four phases is further subjected to cleaning independently. Oils phase through a filter coming in a special capacity whence it remove by the pump on finishing cleaning with application of the centrifugal separator. For increase of a degree of cleaning heavy petroleum the use of additional heat of a liquid phase and application special de-emulgators is possible. A water phase spontaneously return in the Module 1 on creation pulp and by washing large subjects. For increase of efficiency washing of large subjects and separation , and also the lowerings of viscosity of petroleum in a water phase enter de-emulgator. After closing -up on cleaning of a ground in water the strains of microorganisms deleting from water residual petroleum, and then water are entered by entering special antiseptics (biocides) and processing by ultrasound. A heavy ground remove by the conveyor and in addition wash in a ultrasonic bath, where cleaning of water of suspensions also happens and direct in bearing the extraction column , where the final cleaning happens it. Water-clay suspension removes by the pump from the module 2 and give on separation and additional cleaning to the module 3. In the module 3 coagulation and sedimentation of partiles of clay is carried out and the water returns in the Module 1. Thus, is ensured complex cleaning of a ground, petroleum and water in the specially developed meanses - modules. The universality of installation is ensured with the following design and technological solutions: In the Module 1 is present a stage extraction heavy viscous component by a warm stream of petroleum; The system of a conclusion both cleaning of stones and garbage is developed; In addition remove the fourth phase - water-clay suspension, that allows to process clay grounds; Cleaning of water of suspensions make with application of acoustic emitters of an original construction; Water, petroleum, circulate in a closed loop. In a comparison with analogs these improvements allow: To make cleaning of stones and garbage etc. rigid scraps; To reduce a cost of pure water and of a solvent; To make cleaning of grounds polluted with heavy hydrocarbon; To supply in addition deriving of petroleum as boiler fuel (roughly up to 200 from each ton of a cleared ground);

The given installation can be used for cleaning of any types of grounds, and also base adjourment of the rivers, lakes, etc. For want of it in addition it is possible to realize updating with the purpose of application of development for cleaning of grounds, base adjourment from heavy metals, radioactive elements. In the indicated below table the main characteristics of cleaning installation(aim) are given. Parameters 1 The name of a cleared material a clay ground polluted with black oil sand polluted with black oil Necessity of preparation of a site Productivity on an initial ground, /hour Yes Yes Is not present 1-5 (depending on a required degree of cleaning) Yes 2,5x2,5x8,0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Is not present Up to 0,03 180 Cleaning installation 2

Availability of modules of the power supply Dimensions of containers Availability of a stage of chemical-physical cleaning of a ground from hydrocarbon Demulgation, heat, separation Extration, acoustic effect Availability of a stage of cleaning of stones, garbage Necessity the grounds Degree of cleaning, (residual concentration of contaminant) %mass Power consumption, KWt

In addition received petroleum on 1 3 of a cleared ground at the rate of 50 % of concentration of hydrocarbon in initial raw material, l Allowable temperature of an air, 0 More, than -20 400