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AS/JUN 2012/CHM576

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY CHM576 JUNE 2012 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of seven (7) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

4.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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AS/JUN 2012/CHM576

QUESTION 1 a) What is a photochemical smog? (1 mark) b) What are the necessary ingredients for photochemical smog formation? (3 marks) c) Briefly explain how tropospheric ozone, aldehyde and PAN are generated during the photochemical smog. (6 marks) d) Name two environmental factors that can affect production of photochemical smog. (2 marks)

QUESTION 2 Water solubility determines the effect of gases on human respiratory system. a) Give an example of a gas with high water solubility and name an initial area of its impact on human respiratory system. (4 marks) b) Give an example of a gas with low water solubility and name an initial area of its impact on human respiratory system.. (4 marks) c) In your opinion, which gas would be more dangerous, one with low or high water solubility? Explain your answer. (2 marks) d) If you had to work with dangerous gases in the laboratory, what precautions can you take to protect yourself? (2 marks)

QUESTION 3 a) A sample of air contains 2300 ppm N0 2 . Convert this to mg/L, percent volume and ug/m3. Assume density of N0 2 = 1.00 mg/mL. (6 marks) b) N0 2 is a precursor for formation of ozone. Using appropriate equations, explain how ozone is formed from N0 2 . (2 marks)

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QUESTION 4 Given the following information for five pollutants taken at 11 am on 21 st March 2011: Pollutant S0 2 (24 hrs) 0 3 (1hr) N0 2 (1 hr) PM10 (24 hrs) CO (8 hrs) a) What is the API reading at 11 am on 21 st March 2011? (2 marks) b) What is the status of air quality at 11 am on 21 st March 2011? (2 marks) c) What health measures if any need to be taken at 11 am on 21 st March 2011? (2 marks) d) What is the major air pollutant for most areas of Selangor? (2 marks) e) Give two limitations of the Malaysian API index? (4 marks) Individual sub - API Index 60 154 85 120 56

QUESTION 5 a) What does a WQI value of 68 indicate in terms of: i) Class of water? ii) General rating of the water? (4 marks) b) Can water with a WQI reading of 68 be used for drinking without treatment? If not, explain what treatment needs to be done before this water can be used for drinking? (3 marks) c) If a given body of water has Class I classification, should any treatment be done before using this water for drinking? Briefly explain your answer. (3 marks)

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AS/JUN 2012/CHM576

d) Which parameter contributes the least to the calculation of the Malaysian WQI? (2 marks)

QUESTION 6 a) Which method is the favored means of solid waste disposal from prehistoric to present day? (2 marks) b) Which solid waste disposal method drastically reduces amount of solid waste by 90% volume and 75% weight?. (2 marks) c) Which solid waste disposal method uses the process of natural decomposition to transform biodegradable organic materials into humuslike material with environmental benefits? (2 marks) d) Explain the difference between postconsumer waste and preconsumer waste in the area of wastepaper recycling. (2 marks) e) Malaysian municipal solid waste is highly heterogenous. Give your comments on this statement. (4 marks)

QUESTION 7 a) Name three sectors in Malaysia which will be affected by climate change. (3 marks) b) Give one example of climate change effect for each sector mentioned in (a). (6 marks) c) Suggest one solution each for reducing or eliminating every climate change effect mentioned in (b). (3 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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