Group # 1

Section: 2BPH

Date performed: 12/14/12 Date submitted: 01/04/12

Name: Antonio, ANa Leandra Baluyut, Arianne Angeli Bautista, Jeselle Belmonte, Felice Patricia

Benigno, Angelouh Djannarah Bolvar, Neil Ethan Bumatay, Myka Angelica

EXPERIMENT 3: SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

Abstract The specific gravities of the liquid and solid samples were determined in the experiment. The liquid sample was a 95% ethyl alcohol and its specific gravity was determined using three instruments, namely, Baum hydrometer, Mohr-Westphal Balance and Leach Pycnometer. Water was used as the standard liquid on the Leach pycnometer ; the mass of the empty pycnometer, pycnometer with water and pycnometer with the liquid sample were determined separately and from the data gathered the specific density was computed. The Baum hydrometer and Mohr-Westphal Balance give an instant reading and there is no need for computation compared to the leach pycnometer. The results of the three different instruments were not the same with each other. These may have been due to human errors such as inaccurate measurements of the liquid sample and accuracy of the instruments, or they could have been caused by external inevitable factors. The solid sample in the experiment was copper sulfate crystals and its relative density was determined using a pycnometer and 95% ethyl alcohol as a standard liquid. The weight of the empty pycnometer was determined. The copper sulfate crystals and 95% ethyl alcohol were added separately to the pycnometer, which is then weighed, giving the weight of the copper sulfate crystals and 95% ethyl alcohol sample. The pycnometer was filled with a 95% ethyl alcohol in which the powder is completely insoluble. The weight of the displaced liquid can then be computed, and hence it is the relative density of the copper sulfate crystals. Questions and Problems 1. Differentiate specific gravity and density. Specific gravity is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of density of the substance to the density of water having the same volume at a specified temperature. This can be expressed: Mass substance Volume substance Mass water Volume water

Specific gravity = substance = water

On the other hand, density is defined as an objects mass per unit volume. This can be expressed:

Density () = Mass (m) Volume (V) The most common units for density are kilogram per cubic meter (kg/cm3), kilograms per liter (kg/L) and grams per milliliter (g/mL). 2. If 54.96 mL of oil weighs 52.78 g, what is its specific gravity? Given: Mass of oil = 52.78 g Volume = 54.96 mL oil water Mass oil = Volume oil Mass water Volume water = 52.78 g 54.96 mL 1g 1mL

Specific gravity =

Specific gravity = 0.9603 3. A pycnometer weighs 50.00 g. When filled with water, it weighs 100.00 g. When filled with oil, it weighs 94.00 g. Determine the specific gravity of the oil. Given: Mass of empty pycnometer = 50.00 g Mass of pycnometer + water = 100.00 g Mass of Pycnometer + oil = 94.00 g

Mass oil = masspycnometer + oil massempty pycnometer Mass oil = 94.00 g 50.00 g Mass oil = 44.00 g

Mass water = masspycnometer + water massempty pycnometer Mass water = 100.00 g 50.00 g Mass water = 50.00 g

Specific gravity = mass oil mass water Specific gravity = 44.00 g 50.00 g Specific gravity= 0.8800 4. An insoluble powder weighs 12.00 g. A pycnometer, weighing 21.00 g when empty, weighs 121.00 g when filled with water. When the powder is introduced into the emptied pycnometer, and the pycnometer is filled with water, the three together weigh 130.00 g. What is the specific gravity of the powder? Given: Mass of insoluble powder = 12.00 g Mass of empty pycnometer = 21.00 g

Mass of pycnometer + water = 121.00 g Mass of pycnometer + insoluble powder + water = 130.00 g Mass of pycnometer + insoluble powder = 33.00 g
(masspycnometer + insoluble powder) (massempty pycnometer) (masspycnometer + water mass empty pycnometer) mass pycnometer + insoluble powder + water + masspycnometer + insoluble powder

Specific gravity =

33.00 g 21.00 g

(121.00 g 21.00 g) 130.00 g + 33.00 g Specific gravity = 12.00 g 3.00 g

Specific gravity = 4.00