Formulas of electrotechnic and electronic

Cross-section for single wire round D2 q = or D2 ? 0,7854 4 Cross-section for bunched wire Ohm's Law The current intensity (I) is proportional to voltage (U) and inversely proportional to resistance (R) I I R U = = = = R = U U = I ? R I current intensity (Amps A) electrical resistance () electrical voltage (V)
U R

d ? n or d2 ? 0,7854 ? n 4 Diameter for single wires cross-section

q =

q
q4

D =

or

p q 1; 2732

Diameter for bunched wires D = q D d n = = = =

1; 34 n d

cross-section (mm2) conductor diameter (mm) single wire diameter (mm) number of wires
l q 2l p q

Conductance 1 = 1S = 11 or 1 S G = 1 R 1M S (Siemens) = reziprocal value of a resistance is used as conductance 1 Siemens = 1/Ohm G = electrical conductance Capacitance Single core against earth r 103 (nF/km or pF/m) CB = 18 In Di d * Unshielded symmetrical twisted pair r 103 (nF/km or pF/m) CB = 36 In 2a d * Coaxial pair r 103 (nF/km or pF/m) CB = 18 In Di d * Shielded symmetrical twistet pair r 103 (nF/km or pF/m) CB = Da2 a2 36 In 2a 2 2 d
*

Conductor Resistance l = or R q RLoop R RLoop q (Kappa) (Rho) l Materials Copper Aluminium Silver Iron Constantan = = = = = = =
2l q

or

Electrical direct-current resistant (Ohm) Resistance of a complete circuit cross-section (mm2 or q mm) Conductivity 1 Specific resistance ( = ) Conductor length (m) Conductivity
m mm2

Spec. resistance
mm2 m

58,00 33,00 62,00 7,70 2,00

0,01724 0,0303 0,1613 0,1299 0,50

Di = Da = d = a =

outer diameter over single core (mm) outer diameter of multicores (mm)) conductor diameter (mm) distance between two conductors mid to mid of both conductors

Da a

Inductance of parallel cores at low frequencies L = 0,4 (In Da + 0,25) mH/km r at high frequencies L = 0,4 (In Da + 0) mH/km r Inductance of coaxial cable at high frequencies L = 0,2 (In Da + 0) mH/km r Da = distance between two conductors mid to mid of both conductors r = radius of a conductor r = dielectric constant Impedance (Z) for coaxial cable D = d =

Serial connection Resistance: R R1 R2 R3 ::: Rn Capacitance: Inductance:

1 C 1 1 1 1 C1 C2 C3 ::: Cn

L L1 L2 L3 ::: Ln
1 1 1 R2 R3 ::: Rn

Parallel connection 1 Resistance: R=R Capacitance: Inductance:

C C1 C2 C3 :::Cn

1 1 1 1 L = L L L ::: L n 1 3 2 Equivalent resistance of 2 parallel connected resistance R R2 R = R 1 R 1 2 Mutual capacity (C) r 103 * coaxial cable C= (nF/km) 18 In Da d
* *

60 D Z = p ? In d () r diameter over insulation conductor diameter

R = = qC () ? tan 1, 458 L C

for communication cable at low frequencies Z= at R L C high frequencies Z= = Resistance (/km) = Inductance (mH/km) = Capacitance (nF/km) = 2f

parallel core

C=

r 103 (nF/km) 36 In Da d

()

shielded twisted pair r 103 (nF/km) CB = Da2 a2 36 In 2a 2 2 d

Da a

Da = Ds = d = a =  =

Outer diameter over insulation diameter over shield diameter of conductor distance mid to mid of both conductors dielectric constant

Wave length = v f = wave length v = propagation velocity (velocity of light: 300 000 km/s) f = frequency units of attenuation Neper (N), decibel (dB) and Bel (B) 1 Np = 8,686 dB 1 1 dB = 0,1151 Np = 10 Bel 1 Bel = 10 dB = 1,1513 Np

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