Integration of Well and 3D Seismic data for Prospect Evaluation A case study

R J Singh* H L Kharoo*, P. Saha* S.N.Singh* & M. Chandra*

Introduction
Following the discovery of oil during 1958 in Cambay Basin, India the exploration activities were intensified with major thrust to tap structural prospects. Later, in the early 80s the potential of subtle traps was realized in search of finding more hydrocarbons in this basin. As a consequence, a number of stratigraphic prospects were discovered . The prospect discussed here is one of them. Multiple pay reservoirs were found in Kalol Formation ,but at the same time the geological complexities of facies development and hydrocarbon entrapment mode ftrere also understood. 3D survey was carried out to solve such a problem of the X prospect in Cambay Basin over which a number of wells were drilled but delineation/development schemes to tap hydrocarbons of the area are yet to be Finalised. The authors evaluated 3D seismic data and found that the integration of geological data with 3D seismic may lead to solve some of the problems of identifying facies and structural details.

Geology
The study area approximately seventy sq. kms. is a prospect in north Cambay Basin. The tectonics of Cambay Basin is very well documented dividing the basin into Mehsana, Ahmedabad, Tarapur, Broach &Narmada blocks separated by discrete cross trends (Fig. 1). The clastic reservoirs within Middle Eocene account for the major accumulation of hydrocarbons. The entrapment established is structural, stratigraphic, Fig 1: Tectonic Map of Cambay Basin and of a combination type. The Eocene sequence is characterised by three significant rapid transgressive cycles during early Middle Eocene, Data Analysis Middle Eocene, and Late Eocene with intervening regressive cycles During regression, the basin fills are characterised by deltaic,backshore- Methodology marshy lagoonal, and fluvial deposits. Lithostratigraphy of the area is shown in Fig.2. Fortyeight fold 3D seismic data(bin size 15X75 mts.) was acquired over the prospect in 1995 and 1 GEOHORIZONS Vol . II October 1997

subsequently processing and interpretation were carried out (Fig. 3) . Both seismic and log data were analysed to map the structural and stratigraphic configuration of different Kalol sands which are found to be hydrocarbon bearing in the area. The data considered for the evaluation of the prospect include SP,Gammaray, Resistivity, Sonic, Density, Check shot survey along with

Fig 3: Location Map used along with well data to prepare geological models for different reservoirs which are proved to be hydrocarbon bearing in. the area . Structural mapping Time and depth structural maps corresponding to K-X.K-IX & K-VI+VII horizons (Figs.7 to 9) indicate a prominent NW-SE nosing trend shallowing In the NW direction. An E-W bifurcation of the structural trend is observed in the central part. Two lows which are more pronounced in depth maps are clearly brought out. A small high feature is also mapped in the south. Coupled with reservoir facies,these high trends are interpreted prospective,though there is relationship of facies with high trends as the structi trend seems to be post depositlonal in nature . It is observed that the earlier 2D maps of the area could not resolve the structural details of this order which are mapped from 3D data. A number of small throw faults are also mapped. From seismic data a pinch out boundary is mapped corresponding to K-X coal. This has been corroborated with well data in the area.

Fig 2: Lithostratigraphy of the area

3D seismic data. Different units were calibrated with seismic data using CVL/synthetic seismograms(Fig. 4). Two seismic profiles, an arbitrary line in NW-SE directionand the other is an inline in E-W direction are shown in Figs. 5a & 5b with annotation of seismic reflectors. Two electrolog correlation profiles are shown in Figs. 6a & 6b which give an idea about the structure and that of the facies development whereas time and depth structure maps prepared from 3D data bring out the structural picture of the whole area at different levels (Figs. 7 to 9), Seismic attributes analysis including amplitude of horizons, sum of amplitudes(+ or -) within different win- Reservoir characterisation dows, frequency attribute of horizons within win- In an attempt to map reservoir facies both seismic attribute and well data were analysed. A dows and horizon slices (Figs. 10 to 12) were 2 GEOHORIZONS Vol . II October 1997

Fig 4: Seismic calibration with Synthetic Seismograph (X-12) unitwise brief discussion is given below. ment. For identification of facies both amplitude and frequency attributes (Fig. 10 & II) were used and the alignments brought out from these atK-X unit K-X silt/sand reservoirs are developed with lim- tributes were integrated with well data,especially ited areal extent and smaller thickness below K- the effective sand isolith (Fig.l3a). A NW-SE X coal unit. A NW-SE channel is envisaged (Fig. channel configuration is envisaged. The three 13b) based on the effective sand isolith and am- inlets of channels flowing from NW-SE are coaplitude attribute map derived from seismic data. lescing around the well X-17 where the thickness of sand is found to be more. K-IX unit K-IX reservoir with sands or silty facies under- K-VI+VII unit lying the thick continuous coal unit is better de- K-VI+VII reservoir facies is locally developed. veloped in the area. These reservoirs are also of A channel(Fig.l4) is interpreted clubbing both lenticular nature having limited areal extent and effective sand isolith map and seismic preferred orientation. Seismic attributes were data(Fig.l2) analysed to identify the areas of facies develop 3 GEOHORIZONS Vol . II October 1997

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Fig 10. Sum of Negative amplitude within the time window where K-IX reservoir is likely to be present(Thich Horizon seiscrop)

Fig 11. Frequency attribute within a time window where K-IX reservoir islikely to be present(Thick horizon seiscrop)

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Fig 12: Sum of Negative amplitudes within a time window where K-VI+VII reservoir is likely to be present(Thick horizon seiscorp)

Conclusions
Time and depth structure maps bring out the structural details corresponding to the hydrocarbon bearing stratigraphic units. K-X and KIX top units are represented by coals. K-IX coal is thick and widely present whereas K-X coal is

Fig 14: Envisaged Geological model for K-VI + VII reservoir

Fig 13: Envisaged Geological model for (a) K-IX and (b) K-X reservoir 8

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relatively thin and pinches out. The pinch out boundary is identified from seismic data. Based on seismic attributes and well data, different channels are mapped which are the likely areas for delineation/development drilling in the area.

Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to Mr.A.G Pramanik; Head, GEOPIC and Mr. S.N.Badola, Head INTEG for their constant guidance and encouragement during the course of work and preparation of this paper. The authors are also thankful to ONGG for giving permission to publish this paper.

GEOHORIZONS Vol . II October 1997