POLYMER ADDITIVES

Oleon is the leading company in the production of oleochemicals in Europe. The concept we have chosen combines technical performance and environmental compatibility: our products meet the most stringent market requirements, and the renewable property of our raw materials, vegetable oils and animal fats provides a response to the latest environmental legislations. Trends today show that this concept meets the future needs of our society.

ST
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IN

ym

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Ad

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IA

trade name products

Radia
1

esters glycerine fatty acids fatty alcohols dimer acids technical oils biodiesel specialty oleochemicals

raw materials

- vegetable oils (palm, rapeseed, soy, sunflower, coconut, etc.) - animal-based fats All our raw materials are non-toxic and biodegradable Oleon Ertvelde, Belgium (also head office)
Glycerine, fatty acids & alcohols production, biodiesel, R&D

Oleon production sites

Oleon Oelegem, Belgium

Fatty esters production, dimer acids, R&D

Oleon Emmerich, Germany

Specialty fatty acids production, ketones, technical oils, vitamins, R&D

Oleon Sandefjord, Norway

Fatty esters production

safety quality environment

Oleon pledges to conduct its activities and products in a manner that safeguards the environment, and the health and safety of its personnel, local communities, consumers and the general public. To ensure safety and environmental control, the production is ISO 14001 certified. An Internal Safety Management System based on the principles of ISRS and OHSAS 18001.3 ensures the health and safety of its personnel and the surrounding public. To guarantee the quality and consistency of Oleon products and services, the quality assurance system ISO 9001 is implemented and certified throughout the whole organization.

Information contained in this publication is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. The nominal values stated herein are obtained using laboratory test specimens. Oleon and its affiliated companies do not accept any liability whatsoever arising from the use of this information or the use, application or processing of any product described herein. No information contained in this publication can be considered as a suggestion to infringe patents. The Company disclaims any liability that may be claimed for infringement or alleged infringement of patents.

Table of contents
3 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 36 General information Radia polymer additives Lubricants and mold release agents Antistatics Antifogging Plasticizers and viscosity regulators Pigment dispersion Radia oleochemical additives for the processing of rubber Radiasurf emulsifiers Polyol esters

oleochemicals General Information

Radia

Oleochemicals are derived from a naturally renewable resource: natural fats and oils. Oleochemistry splits these raw materials to obtain their constituents, glycerine and fatty acids, and then recombines them with other molecules or with each other. Oleochemistry uses the biodegradable, non-toxic and non-irritant properties of natural fats and oils to produce a wide range of chemicals. The production of Radia oleochemicals is an integrated operation from fatty acids, natural fatty alcohols and glycerine to oleochemical derivatives, specialty and performance chemicals. Traditionally, most end uses of oleochemicals have resulted from their lack of toxicity and from the low skin and eye irritation displayed by the hydrocarbon chains present in natural fatty materials. Today, governments and industry are increasingly aware of the combination of efficiency and environmental compatibility offered by oleochemicals. In recent years Oleon Research has developed many new environmentally friendly oleochemicals, such as a biodegradable drilling mud fluid, a lubricant for water-based drilling muds, base oils for biodegradable lubricants, deinking chemicals and non-VOC solvents.

fatty acids
Oleon, the leader on the European oleochemical scene, markets a wide range of fatty acids. Radiacid fatty acids are derived from animal fats and oils such as beef tallow and from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut and palm kernel oils, palm oil, etc. Radiacid fatty acids are produced by Oleon in its plant at Ertvelde near Ghent, Belgium (which went into production in 1958), and its Kosher plant in Emmerich, Germany (in production since 1908). Over the years these plants have grown to their present status: not only one of the biggest but also one of the most modern and efficient oleochemical plants worldwide. In Ertvelde fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerine and hydrogenated triglycerides are produced. In the Emmerich plant the production of specialty fatty acids takes place, along with ketones, technical oils and vitamins.

natural glycerine
The applications of natural glycerine are based on a unique combination of properties: it is a tasteless and odorless hygroscopic, non-toxic and non-irritant viscous liquid with a plasticizing and lubricating activity, and it contains three free hydroxyl groups, supplying chemical reactivity.

fatty esters
The performance-directed esterification or transesterification of our own fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydrogenated triglycerides and glycerine with other acids and alcohols leads to a wide range of oily, fatty or waxy substances, each with its own specific physical and chemical properties. Almost all fatty esters display the inherent advantages of their raw materials, natural fats and oils: they are non-toxic, non-irritating and biodegradable. The number of possible fatty esters is virtually unlimited. So are the combinations of functions they can perform.

FATTY ACIDS AND FATTY ESTERS: PERFORMANCE ADDITIVES FOR YOUR POLYMER APPLICATIONS
The past century has witnessed polymers progress from a laboratory curiosity to large volume applications. The development and use of a wide variety of additives contributed to this. The use of relatively small quantities of these additives improve the processability of the polymer as well as the performance of the end product. The demand for plastic products increases constantly. There are several applications of oleochemicals in plastics. Typical applications for fatty esters are: Lubricants (both internal and external) reduce friction in process equipments. Antistatic agents avoid the building up of electric charges. Antifogging agents prevent formation of water droplets in film applications. Plasticizers change the brittleness of a polymer.

By changing the following characteristics a wide variety of specifications of the end product can be attained: Alcohol type (monoalcohol, polyol) e.g. butanol, ethylhexanol, pentaerythritol, etc. Fatty acid e.g. oleic acid, stearic acid etc. Chain length Saturation Degree of esterification

Oleochemistry is a tailor-made chemistry; demands of the customer can be translated into an ester that yields the required performance. Radia and Radiasurf esters can be engineered to meet the most diverse application requirements. For example they can be made with a will defined melting point, polarity or surface tension. The harmlessness of oleochemicals ensures that they are extremely well suitable for each step of the manufacture of plastics that comes into contact with food.

SAFE FOR HUMANKIND AND FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

(The environment and humankind: Oleon takes care of everything) All fatty esters presented in this brochure display the inherent advantages of their feedstock, natural fats and oils: non-toxic, non-irritating, biodegradable and environmentally friendly in general. Oleon encourages its customers and potential customers of Radia oleochemicals to give proper regard to human health and environmental quality. Material Safety, Hygiene and Environmental data sheets are available on request for all products. The W.G.K. (Wassergefhrdungsklasse) of all fatty esters in this brochure is between 0 and 1.
Table A /
100 5

% Biodegradability (cecl 33-a-93)

80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3

Rapeseed oil Radia Mineral oil, neutral Weeks White oil

VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL ORIGIN

The fatty acids that are used to produce these fatty esters are vegetable or animal fats and oils (triglycerides). The composition of these fatty acids is either the natural composition of the triglycerides or a technical cut. For some grades a pure fatty acid is required. The origin of the beef tallow and the production process used guarantee that our final products satisfy the European BSE-legislation. The presence of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) is linked to the use of fatty acids of soybean or corn. These fatty acids are not used in the range presented here.

STANDARD AVAILABILITY & PACKAGING

Given the wide range of esters and our policy of continuous development, it is almost impossible to guarantee the availability in stock of all esters at all times. If a product is required that is not currently available, our sales organization will inform you and reach an agreement that takes the minimum batch size of the relevant esterification unit into account. Bulk, as liquids at min. 15C above cloud point or melting point. Liquids: 175 kg net drums or containers of ca. 1000 liters. Flakes or powder: 25 kg net bags on 1000 kg pallets or in 500 kg net big bags.

Radia PolymeR addiTives

Table 1 / polymer additives

TRADE NAME ORIGIN TYPE RL 2002/72/EG
(version 27.03.2008)

Selected FDA status CFR 21

Radiamuls 2130 Radiamuls 2134 Radiamuls 2150 Radiamuls 2155 Radiamuls 2248 Radiamuls 2345 Radiasurf 2900 Radiasurf 2902 Radia 3059 Radia 3200 Radia 7051 Radiasurf 7125 Radia 7127 Radia 7131 Radiasurf 7137 Radiasurf 7140 Radiasurf 7145 Radiasurf 7146 Radiasurf 7147 Radiasurf 7150 Radiasurf 7155 Radiasurf 7157 Radiasurf 7162 Radia 7171 Radia 7174 Radia 7175 Radia 7176 Radia 7241 Radia 7331 Radiasurf 7345 Radiasurf 7357 Radiasurf 7403 Radiasurf 7423 Radia 7500 Radia 7501 Radia 7505 Radia 7513 Radiasurf 7600 Radiasurf 7641 Radiasurf 7901 Radiasurf 7909

veg veg veg veg veg veg veg veg veg veg veg veg

acetylated monoglyceride acetylated monoglyceride glycerol mono-oleate sorbitan mono-oleate polyglycerol monostearate sorbitan tristearate glycerol monostearate (90%) glycerol mono-oleate (90%) glycerol tristearate glycerol tri-12hydroxystearate butyl stearate sorbitan mono laurate 2-ethylhexyl laurate 2-ethylhexyl stearate sorbitan mono laurate (20EO) glycerol mono-stearate (40%)

30401 30401 30610 87680 30960 88240 30610 30610

$172.828, $175.230 $175.105, $175.300, $175.320, $176.210, $177.2800, $181.22, $181.27, $184.1323 $73.1001, $ 173.75, $175.105, $175.320, $178.3400 $172.854 $175,300, $175.320, $178.340 $175.105, $175.300, $175.320, $176.210, $177.2800, $181.22, $181.27, $184.1323 $175.105, $175.300, $175.320, $176.210, $177.2800, $181.22, $181.27, $184.1323

$175.105, $175.300, $176.170, $177.1200, $177.1210, $177.2420, $177.2440, $177.2800, $178.3280

87600

$175.300, $176.210, $178.3400, $178.3520, $178.3760

79040 30610 87840

$175.105, $176.210, $178.3400

veg veg veg

sorbitan monostearate glycerol mono-12hydroxystearate sorbitan monostearate (20EO) glycerol mono-oleate sorbitan mono-oleate sorbitan mono oleate (20EO) glycerol dioleate penta-erythritol tetraoleate penta-erythritol tetrastearate penta-erythritol monostearate

$73.1001, $163.123, $163.130, $163.135, $163.140, $163.145, $163.150, $163.153, $163.155, $172.515, $172.836, $172.838, $172.840, $172.842, $173.310, $173.340, $175.105, $175.320, $178.3400, $573.960, $173.310

79280 30610 87680 79120 30610

$175.105, $175.300, $176.170, $176.180, $176.210, $178.2010 $175.105, $175.300, 175.320, $176.210, $177.2800, $181.22, $181.27, $184.1323 $73.1001, $173.75, $175.105, $175.300, $175.320, $176.210, $178.3400 $173.340, $175.105, $176.210, $178.3400

$175.105, $175.300, $176.210, $178.2010 $175.300, $176.170, $176.210, $177.1200, $178.2010 $175.300, $176.200, $176.210

veg

penta-erythritol tetrastearate isobutyl stearate 2-ethylhexyl oleate sorbitan tristearate sorbitan tri-oleate (20EO) PEG 400 mono-oleate PEG 400 mon- laurate cetyl palmitate stearyl stearate distearyl phtalate isotridecylstearate glycerol monostearate (60%) 30610 30610 30610 30401 88240 79360 77702 77702

$175.320, $178.340 $175.105, $176.210, $178.3400 $175.300, $176.170, $176.180, $176.200, $177.2800, $175.105, $176.300 $175.300, $176.170, $176.200, $177.1200, $177.1210, $177.2800, $178.3400

$178.3910 (b) $172.811, $173.340, $176.170, $176.200, $177.2800 $184.1328

veg

glycerol monostearate SE glycerol monostearate (90%)

$175.105, $175.300, $175.320, $176.210, $177.2800, $181.22, $181.27, $184.1323 $139.110, $139.115, $139.117, $139.120, $139.121, $139.122, $139.125, $139.135, $139.138, $139.140, $139.150, $139.155, $139.160, $139.165, $139.180, $175.105, $175.210, $175.300, $176.170, $176.200, $176.210, $177.1200, $177.2800, $184.1324

veg

acetylated monoglyceride

i = internal e = external fp = flow properties pp = polypropylene prim = primairy plasticizer vis reg = viscosity regulator

Lubricants PVC PO ABS PS TPU PC PVC

Antistatic PO PS PC

Antifogging PVC PO PVC prim prim

Plasticizer/ Viscosity regulator PO ABS PS

Pigment dispersion PVC PO

i pe

vis reg pe pe

i i e i i/e

pp/pe i

pp/pe pe

vis reg pp vis reg pe

vis reg

vis reg

i pe i i vis reg pe i i e i e e vis reg vis reg pe pe vis reg i/e e i/e i/e pp pe/eva i pp/pe pp/pe prim fp e

Polymer additives

lubRicanTs and mold Release agenTs

Table 2 / lubricants

and mold release agents

TRADE NAME

ORIGIN

TYPE

PVC

PO

ABS

PS

TPU

PC

Radiamuls 2150 Radiasurf 2900 Radiasurf 2902 Radia 3059 Radia 3200 Radia 7051 Radia 7131 Radiasurf 7140 Radiasurf 7146 Radiasurf 7150 Radiasurf 7162 Radia 7171 Radia 7174 Radia 7175 Radia 7176 Radia 7241 Radia 7500 Radia 7501 Radia 7505 Radia 7513 Radiasurf 7901

veg veg veg

glycerol monooleate glycerol monostearate (90%) glycerol monooleate (90%) glycerol tristearate glycerol tri12hydroxystearate butyl stearate 2-ethylhexyl stearate glycerol monostearate (40%)

dosage: 0.1% - 0.5% for rigid type products,suitable for transparent products, surface gloss effect, not for Pb Film type Film type dosage: 0.2% - 0.3% foam type, molding type dosage: 0.1% - 0.5% pe type, molding type molding

for rigid PVC type dosage 0.5% - 3%, suitable for transparent material dosage: 0.1% - 1% secondary plasticizer

dosage: > 0.5% dosage: 0.1% - 0.5% for rigid type products,suitable for transparent products, surface gloss effect, not for Pb dosage: 0.1% - 0.5% for rigid type products,suitable for transparent products, surface gloss effect, not for Pb dosage: 0.1% - 0.5% for plastified type, film type, for transparent products, surface gloss effect, not for Pb mold release dosage: 0.1% - 1%, rigid type of PVC, stabilizer, thermoplastics dosage: 0.5% - 1% dosage: 0.1% - 1%, rigid type of PVC, stabilizer, thermoplastics dosage: > 0.5% gives good surface gloss dosage: > 0.5% gives good surface gloss

veg

glycerol mono12hydroxystearate glycerol monooleate glycerol dioleate penta-erythritol tetraoleate penta-erythritol tetrastearate penta-erythritol monostearate

veg

penta-erythritol tetrastearate isobutyl stearate cetyl palmitate stearyl stearate distearyl phtalate isotridecylstearate glycerol monostearate (90%)

dosage: 0.1% - 2% rigid type dosage: 0.1% - 2% rigid type dosage: 0.1% - 2% rigid type rigid, transparent, plastified type of PVC film type dosage: 0.2% 0.3%, foam type, molding type molding molding dosage: 0.2% 0.8% dosage: > 0.5%

Oleon offers a large range of lubricants, both internal and external, for polymer processing. The polarity and crystallinity of the polymer matrix will direct the selection of the lubricants. Due to the nature of our chemistry, the physicochemical properties of oleochemical esters can vary a lot. By changing the fatty acids products from liquid to waxe can be obtained. By changing the alcohol and degree of esterification, the polarity of the ester can be tuned. Special interest is found in our range of saturated fatty esters. These are particularly suitable for applications which require thermal stability.

11

25C

100C

40C

100C

method

value

PHYSICAL FORM

OXYDATION STABLE

ACID VALUE

IODINE VALUE

MELTING CLOUD POUR POINT C POINT C POINT C

SPECIFIC WEIGHT kg/m 3

VISCOSITY mm 2/s

COLOR

FLASH POINT C

liquid waxy solid paste powder flakes, powder, waxy solid paste liquid flakes, powder, waxy solid flakes, powder, waxy solid liquid liquid liquid waxy solid waxy solid flakes, powder, waxy solid liquid waxy solid flakes, powder, waxy solid flakes, powder, waxy solid liquid powder

++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++

<1 <5 <4 <3 <4 < 0.5 <1 <3 <3 <1 <2 <2 <3 <2 <3 <1 < 1.5 < 1.5 <3 <1 <3

75 - 85 <2 80 - 100 <1 <4 <1 <1 <1 <5 75 - 85 80 - 95 85 - 95 <1 <1 <1 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <2 65 - 70 52 - 56 55 - 59 40 - 47 59 - 63 50 - 54 59 - 63 56 - 60 64 - 70 65 - 70 25 58 - 63 84 - 90

< 10

950 902 934

77

20

Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1"

15Y - 3R 5Y - 1R

240 > 200 235

145 Lovibond 5 1/4" Lovibond 5 1/4" 5Y - 0.7R 50Y - 5R < 65 < 100 5Y - 1R 10Y - 2.5R 15Y - 3R 10Y - 2.5R 10Y - 2.5R 5Y - 1R 5Y - 1R 5Y - 1.5R < 65 5Y - 0.6R 5Y - 1R 5Y - 1R < 200 5Y - 1R

260 > 150 200 220 230 260 240 270 300 290 260 290 180 210 220 240 230 220

20 - 25 < 10

20 7

852 854 -

804 807 885 925 894 876

7.2 10 77 39 65

2.6 3.1 14 28 14

APHA APHA Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1"

< 10 <0 < -3

6 -9 -19

950 920 924

886 < 20 18 853 <9 6 855 912 (80C) 868 804 805 795 864 809 7.2 16 33 (80C)

20 17 2.6 5.4 5.7 13 4.1 -

Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" APHA Lovibond " Lovibond 1" Lovibond 1" APHA Lovibond 1"

13

Lubricants and mold release

anTisTaTics
Radiasurf grade fatty acid esters meet the most stringent requirements of the polymer industry. By reaction of polar alcohols of different chain length with non polar fatty acids of different chain length, the antistatic effect can be tailored to meet the requirements of your application.

Table 3 / antistatics

TRADE NAME

ORIGIN

TYPE

PVC

PO

PS

PC

Radiamuls 2248

veg

polyglycerol monostearate

foam and film type, LLD film and LD/ EVA film

Radiasurf 2900

veg

glycerol monostearate (90%)

dosage: 1.5% 2% plastified and rigid PVC

dosage: 0.2% - 0.3%, Foam stabilization 0.6%, for PE film 0.1% - 0.2% in combination with ethoxylated amine (2/1), for Injection molding 0.15% - 0.5%, for sheets 0.3% - 0.6% in combination with ethoxylated amine (2/1)

expandable

Radiasurf 7147

veg

sorbitan monostearate (20EO)

plastisol

Radiasurf 7423

PEG 400 mono laurate

film

Radiasurf 7600

glycerol monostearate (60%)

dosage: 0.2% - 0.3% provides a balance between antistatic and lubricant dosage: 0.2% - 0.3%, Foam stabilization 0.6%, for PE film 0.1% - 0.2% in combination with ethoxylated amine (2/1), for Injection molding 0.15% - 0.5%, for sheets 0.3% - 0.6% in combination with ethoxylated amine (2/1)

Radiasurf 7901

glycerol monostearate (90%)

dosage: 1.5% 2% plastified and rigid PVC

expandable

15

25C

100C

40C

100C

method

value

PHYSICAL FORM

OXYDATION STABLE

ACID VALUE

IODINE VALUE

MELTING POINT C

CLOUD POINT C

POUR POINT C

SPECIFIC WEIGHT kg/m 3

VISCOSITY mm 2/s

COLOR

FLASH POINT C

flakes, powder

++

<2

<2

50 - 60

954

15

Gardner

<8

244

waxy solid

++

<5

<2

65 - 70

902

20

Lovibond 1"

5Y - 1R

> 200

paste

++

<2

<1

1010

190

24

Gardner

<8

260

liquid

++

<3

<1

5 - 10

1033

976

41

6.7

APHA

< 80

240

flakes, powder

++

<2

<1

56 - 60

893

15

Lovibond 1"

5Y - 1R

225

powder

++

<3

<2

65 - 70

912 (80C)

33 (80C)

Lovibond 1"

5Y - 1R

220

Antistatics

17

anTifogging
Radiasurf grade fatty acid esters meet the most stringent requirements of the polymer industry. By reaction of polar alcohols of different chain length with non polar fatty acids of different chain length, the antifogging effect can be tailored to meet the requirements of your application. The antifogging agents produced by Oleon are highly appreciated in applications that come into contact with food. Many of our products are referenced in Europe and US as approved for food contact. Also in agrofilm applications fatty acid esters perform very well as antifogging agent. Furthermore the biodegradability of the products is appreciated.

Table 4 / antifogging

TRADE NAME

ORIGIN

TYPE

PVC

PO

PHYSICAL FORM

OXYDATION STABLE

Radiamuls 2150

veg

glycerol mono-oleate

for flexible pvc in food, in combination with Radiasurf 7157 for agricultural film with more then 8% eva, sheet type

liquid

Radiamuls 2248

veg

polyglycerol monostearate

flakes, powder

++

Radiasurf 2902

veg

glycerol mono-oleate (90%)

lld - film type, ld / eva film

paste

Radiasurf 7125

veg

sorbitan monolaurate

pp

paste

Radiasurf 7137

veg

sorbitan monolaurate (20EO)

film, food type

film, food type for agricultural film with less then 8% eva, pe & eva film type in combination with Radia 7641

liquid

++

Radiasurf 7145

veg

sorbitan monostearate

flakes, powder

++

Radiasurf 7150

glycerol mono-oleate

for pvc film in food, in combination with Radiasurf 7157 for pvc film in food, in combination with Radiasurf 2902 or 2150 for film in combination with Radiasurf 2150

liquid

Radiasurf 7157

sorbitan mono-oleate (20EO)

viscous liquid

Radiasurf 7403

PEG 400 mono-oleate

liquid

Radiasurf 7423

PEG 400 monolaurate

film type

liquid

++

Radiasurf 7641

veg

glycerol monostearate SE

pe / eva

solid

++

19

25C

100C

40C

100C

method

value

ACID VALUE

IODINE VALUE

MELTING POINT C

CLOUD POINT C

POUR POINT C

SPECIFIC WEIGHT kg/m 3

VISCOSITY mm 2/s

COLOR

FLASH POINT C

<1

75 - 85

< 10

950

77

Lovibond 1"

15Y - 3R

240

<2

<2

50 - 60

954

15

Gardner

<8

244

<4

80 - 100

25

934

145

235

<6

< 10

23

21

1025

983

1180

33

Gardner

<5

200

<2

<2

-10

-12

1107

160

Gardner

<5

250

<7

<1

50 - 60

943

51

Gardner

<6

230

<1

75 - 85

< 10

950

894

77

Lovibond 1"

15Y - 3R

240

<2

18 - 24

1082

1028

224

28

Gardner

< 10

290

<3

35 - 44

<6

-3

1016

959

49

9.5

Lovibond 1"

10Y - 2.5R

260

<3

<1

5 - 10

1033

976

41

6.7

APHA

< 80

240

<3

<3

902

22

Lovibond 1"

5Y - 1R

200

21

Antifogging

PlasTicizeRs and viscosiTy RegulaToRs

Plasticizers play an important role in the applicability of polymers like PVC. Plasticizers from oleochemical origin have the advantage that they are approved for food contact applications. This makes them especially suited for applications like food wrap film, childrens toys and medical devices. The plasticizing performance for these products is equal to the well-known DOP. In plastisol applications, viscosity reducers are used to adjust the viscosity of the blend. Short chain fatty esters are well suited for this purpose. Compared to many of the classical solvents used, Radia esters have the advantage of being non-VOC. Table 5 / plasticizers and viscosity regulators

TRADE NAME

ORIGIN

TYPE

PVC

PO

ABS

PS

PHYSICAL FORM

OXYDATION STABLE

Radiamuls 2130

veg

acetylated monoglyceride acetylated monoglyceride glycerol monooleate

general purpose plasticizer general purpose plasticizer

liquid

++

Radiamuls 2134

veg

liquid

Radiamuls 2150

veg

vis reg dosage < 10%, secondary plasticizer for pvc processing aid for pvc dosage 0% - 9% typically 5% , vis reg

liquid

Radia 7051

butyl stearate

vis reg

vis reg

dosage: 3% - 5%, vis reg

paste

++

Radiasurf 7125

veg

sorbitan monolaurate 2-ethylhexyl laurate sorbitan mono laurate (20EO) glycerol monooleate

paste

Radia 7127

veg

liquid

++

Radiasurf 7137

veg

liquid

++

Radiasurf 7150

vis reg dosage: 20%, secondary plasticizer for chloroprene and cellulosic, vis reg dosage 0% - 9% typically 5%, vis reg vis reg

liquid

Radia 7241

isobutyl stearate

liquid

++

Radia 7331

2-ethylhexyl oleate PEG 400 monooleate acetylated monoglyceride

liquid

Radiasurf 7403

liquid

Radiasurf 7909

veg

general purpose plasticizer

oily liquid

++

Shore A hardness

95 90 85 80
Shore A hardness (-) Before heat ageing After heat ageing

75 70 65 60 55 50 40phr
DOP
23

40phr
Radiamuls 2130

40phr
Radia 7909

70phr
DOP

70phr
Radiamuls 2130

70phr
Radia 7909

25C

100C

40C

100C

method

value

ACID VALUE

IODINE VALUE

CLOUD POINT C

POUR POINT C

SPECIFIC WEIGHT kg/m 3

VISCOSITY mm 2/s

COLOR

FLASH POINT C

<2

<1

<0

<-6

970

910

16

Lovibond 1"

20Y - 3R

> 180

<2

< 10

<0

-6

913

16

3.7

Lovibond 1"

20Y - 3R

210

<1

75 - 85

< 10

950

77

Lovibond 1"

15Y - 3R

240

< 0.5

<1

20 - 25

20

852

804

7.2

2.6

APHA

< 65

200

<6

< 10

23

21

1025

983

1180

33

Gardner

<5

200

<1

<1

< -10

< -35

856

APHA

< 25

170

<2

<2

-10

-12

1107

160

Gardner

<5

250

<1

75 - 85

< 10

950

894

77

Lovibond 1"

15Y - 3R

240

<1

<1

< 20

18

853

804

7.2

2.6

APHA

< 65

180

< 0.5

60 - 70

< -15

-30

865

8.8

2.9

Lovibond 5 1/4"

10Y - 1R

190

<3

35 - 44

<6

-3

1016

959

49

9.5

Lovibond 1"

10Y - 2.5R

260

<2

<1

<0

< -6

994

910

13.6

Lovibond 1"

20Y - 3R

> 180

Plasticizers

25

PigmenT disPeRsion

Table 6 / pigment dispersion

TRADE NAME

ORIGIN

TYPE

PVC

PO

PHYSICAL FORM

OXYDATION STABLE

Radiamuls 2155 Radiamuls 2345 Radiasurf 7345 Radiasurf 7357

veg veg

sorbitan mono-oleate sorbitan tristearate sorbitan tristearate sorbitan tri-oleate (20EO)

pe pe pe pe

viscous liquid solid waxy solid oily liquid

++ ++ ++

27

25C

100C

40C

100C

method

value

ACID VALUE

IODINE VALUE

MELTING POINT C

SPECIFIC WEIGHT kg/m 3

VISCOSITY mm 2/s

COLOR

FLASH POINT C

<7 <2 < 15 <2

62 - 76 <2 <1 37 - 50 50 - 60 50 - 60

994

944 954

400

22 15

Gardner Gardner Gardner

<8 <8 <6 < 10

250 244 250 250

1000

110

Gardner

29

Pigment dispersion

Radia oleochemical addiTives foR The PRocessing of RubbeR

Rubber
The term rubber is a very vague one. Polymers are materials consisting of long chains of molecules and include plastics, rubbers and fibers. What distinguishes rubber from plastic is viscoelasticity, which means having both elastic and viscous properties. There is the rubber coming from trees, the natural rubber. Besides that, it can also be man made in a variety of fashions. Synthetic rubbers are called elastomers. Some of the more common types are SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), PBD (polybutadiene), etc. Unvulcanized natural or synthetic rubbers are soft and plastic. Crosslinking with sulphur will improve their mechanical and physical properties. Basic compoundings concepts Ingredients which are added, include: vulcanizing agents to actually create crosslinks between the molecular chains; reinforcing fillers to add strength and other properties, most notably carbon black; antidegradants to delay ozone and oxidation attack, processing promotors, pigments, etc. Zinc oxide and stearic acid The addition of zinc oxide to rubber compounds increases the cross linking. Stearic acid reacts with zinc oxide to form zinc stearate. This complex will increase both the rate and the efficiency of sulphur vulcanization. Next to their auxiliary vulcanizing activity, the saturated aliphatic chains of stearic acids will prevent the sticking of the rubber to molds and to other processing equipment. Radiacid stearic acids The recommended product Radiacid 404 and Radiacid 406 are partially hydrogenated stearic acids, used in SBR rubbers. The specifications of these products are listed on the next page. Eco-safe plasticizers Radia fatty esters are non volatile and environmental friendly products. Fatty esters or a blend of fatty esters with hydrocarbons can be used.

31

RADIACID
Acid value, max. Iodine value, max. Color, Lovibond 5 1/4", max. C18:1 cis content Titer, C Appearance at 20C Standard availability

0404
203 - 209 38 - 44 5Y - 1R

0406*
203 - 209 38 - 44 5Y - 1R min 60

0444
196 - 211 8 50Y - 7R

0446
190 - 210 < 20

44 - 47 paste (1)

44 - 47 solid (2)

53 - 62 flakes (3)

49 - 52 solid (2)

*250 ppm antioxidant (BHT) added = stabilized grade (1) bulk, 180 kg net drums (2) bulk (3) bulk, flakes: bags on 25 kg net on pallets of 1000 kg. "big bags" on request.

The processing of rubber

33

RadiasuRf emulsifieRs

Table 8 / composition of Radiasurf emulsifiers

H.L.B. VALUE MAIN FUNCTIONALITIES TRADE NAME CHEMICAL NAME PHYSICAL FORM

PROPYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS

Radiasurf 7201 Radia 7204 Radia 7208 propylene glycol monostearate propylene glycol dioleate propylene dicaprylate/caprate flakes, powder liquid liquid 2 2 2 W/O, defoamer W/O, defoamer W/O, defoamer

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS

Radiasurf 7425 Radiasurf 7402 Radiasurf 7423 Radiasurf 7403 Radiasurf 7442 Radiasurf 7443 Radiasurf 7473 Radiasurf 7444 Radiasurf 7447 Radiasurf 7404 Radiasurf 7446 Radiasurf 7445 Radiasurf 7417 Radiasurf 7454 Radiasurf 7414 PEG 400 monococoate PEG 200 mono-oleate PEG 400 monolaurate PEG 400 mono-oleate PEG 400 dioleate PEG 400 dioleate PEG 400 monostearate PEG 600 dioleate PEG 400 di-isostearate PEG 600 monooleate PEG 600/200 dioleate PEG 400 diricinoleate PEG 1500 monostearate PEG 600 distearate PEG 600 monostearate liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid paste liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid flakes, powder paste paste 13 7 13 12 9 9 11 10 9 13 10 9 16 11 13 O/W O/W O/W O/W O/W, defoamer O/W, defoamer O/W O/W, defoamer O/W O/W O/W O/W O/W, defoamer O/W O/W, defoamer

SORBITAN ESTERS
Radiasurf 7357 Radiasurf 7355 Radiasurf 7137 Radiasurf 7353 Radiasurf 7147 Radiasurf 7157 Radiasurf 7155 Radiasurf 7125 Radiasurf 7145 Radiasurf 7345 ethoxylated sorbitan trioleate (20 EO) sorbitan trioleate ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate (20 EO) sorbitan dioleate ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate (20 EO) ethoxylated sorbitan mono-oleate (20 EO) sorbitan mono-oleate sorbitan monolaurate sorbitan monostearate sorbitan tristearate liquid liquid liquid liquid paste liquid liquid paste flakes, powder flakes, powder 11 3 17 4 15 15 5 8 5 3 O/W W/O O/W W/O O/W, defoamer O/W, defoamer W/O,anticorrosion O/W W/O, defoamer W/O

GLYCERIDES
Radiasurf 7136 Radiasurf 7140 Radiasurf 7141 Radiasurf 7142 Radiasurf 7143 Radiasurf 7146 Radiasurf 7149 Radiasurf 7150 Radiasurf 7153 Radiasurf 7600 Radiasurf 7900 Radiasurf 7901 glycerol monolaurate 45% glycerol monostearate 45% glycerol monostearate SE 45% glycerol monostearate 55% glycerol monostearate 50% glycerol mono-12-hydroxy-stearate 45% glycerol mono-oleate 55% glycerol mono-oleate 45% glycerol monoricinoleate 45% glycerol monostearate 60% glycerol monostearate 90% glycerol monostearate 90% flakes, powder flakes, powder flakes, powder flakes, powder flakes, powder flakes, powder liquid liquid liquid flakes, powder powder powder 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O,anticorrosion W/O W/O W/O, antistatic W/O

Emulsification is a major function of Radiasurf nonionic surfactant esters. The hydrophilic part of their molecules orients itself towards the aqueous phase and forms a network of hydrogen bonds, keeping the fatty and aqueous phases in a finely dispersed and stable state. The type of emulsion required will determine the type of emulsifier needed: with a predominant affinity either for water or for oil. This affinity is often measured on the H.L.B. scale. The Hydrophile Lipophile Balance is a value between 0 (most lipophilic) and 20 (mostly hydrophilic). The H.L.B value indicates the functionality for which the esters will be the most suitable (table B). Emulsifiers with an H.L.B. between 1 and 6 will favor water-in-oil emulsions, surfactants with an H.L.B. between 6 and 17 will favor oil-in-water emulsions. Oleon can offer a wide range of ester based emulsifiers. Combinations of different emulsifiers often offer a synergetic effect.

Table B / H.L.B. values of nonionic surfactants and their applications

0 05 10 15 20

Defoaming agents W/O (water in oil) emulsifiers O/W (oil in water) emulsifiers Solubility promoters for aqueous systems

35

VISCOSITY AT 40C mm2 /s

ACID VALUE mg KOH/g

SAT. - UNSAT.

POUR POINT C

CLOUD POINT C

MELTING POINT C

FLASH POINT C

20 6.8

<3 <2 < 0.2

saturated unsaturated saturated

-13 -36

<0 < -30

37 - 42 -

210 250 200

34 35 41 44 50 51 54 55 60 64 55 - 70 123 -

<4 <3 <3 <3 <5 <5 <3 <5 <5 <3 <6 <5 <3 <5 <3

saturated unsaturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated unsaturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated saturated saturated

9 -9 8 -3 -13 -14 15 -12 18 6 -9 -

5 - 10 < -6 5 - 10 <6 <0 <0 < 20 < 10 15 - 21 < 10 -6 -

26 - 28 42 - 50 39 - 42 30 - 40

200 220 240 250 260 260 250 270 260 250 280 300 260 250 250

107 94 149 175 - 195 190 179 326 1180 -

<2 < 15 <2 < 10 <2 <2 <7 <6 <7 15

unsaturated unsaturated saturated unsaturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated saturated saturated

-21 -14 -12 -21 21 3 -10 21 -

-5 < -11 -10 -1 25 5 7 23 -

50 - 60 50 - 60

250 240 250 240 260 260 230 200 230 250

83 80 360 -

<3 <3 <3 <2 <2 <3 <5 <1 <3 <2 <3 <3

saturated saturated saturated saturated saturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated saturated saturated

6 6 -6 -

< 10 < 10 < 10 -

40 - 46 55 - 60 55 - 60 58 - 62 55.5 - 59.5 64 - 70 56 - 60 65 - 70 65 - 70

200 230 230 230 230 260 240 240 240 230 220 220

Polyol esTeRs
Because of the good cold stability, high flash and fire point and excellent lubricity of our range of unsaturated polyol esters they are a very good base oil for industrial fluids. Our saturated line of esters with their high viscosity index, excellent cold temperature behavior and high oxidative resistance make them high performance base stocks for a wide variety of technically high demanding applications.

Table 9 / composition of polyol and complex esters

TRADE NAME

CHEMICAL NAME

PHYSICAL FORM

PROPYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS

Radia 7204 Radia 7208 propylene glycol dioleate propylene glycol dicaprylate/caprate liquid liquid

GLYCERIDES
Radiamuls 2375 Radia 7104 Radiasurf 7162 Radiasurf 7363 Radia 7512 Radialube 7373 glycerol triheptanoate glycerol tricaprylate/caprate glycerol diolate glycerol trioleate glycerol tristearate glycerol trisostearate liquid liquid liquid liquid powder liquid

NEOPENTYL GLYCOL ESTERS

Radialube 7302 Radialube 7304 neopentyl glycol dicocoate neopentyl glycol dioleate liquid liquid

TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE ESTERS
Radialube 7368 Radialube 7359 Radialube 7361 Radialube 7362 Radialube 7364 Radialube 7561 Radialube 7375 Radialube 7365 Radialube 7573 Radialube 7380 trimethylolpropane tricaprylate/caprate trimethylolpropane tricocoate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane tritallowate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane trioleate trimethylolpropane tri-isostearate liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid

PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTERS
Radia 7177 Radia 7178 Radia 7171 Radiasurf 7156 Radia 7179 Radia 7176 Radiasurf 7175 pentaerythritol tetracaprylate pentaerythritol tetracaprylate/caprate pentaerythritol tetraoleate pentaerythritol mono-oleate pentaerythritol tetraisostearate pentaerythritol tetrastearate pentaerythritol monostearate liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid flakes, powder flakes, powder

POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS
Radiamuls 2254 Radiamuls 2253 polyglycerol polyricinoleate polyglycerol polyricinoleate liquid liquid

37

VISCOSITY AT 40C mm2 /s

VISCOSITY AT 100C mm2 /s

VISCOSITY INDEX

ACID VALUE mg KOH/g

SAT. - UNSAT.

POUR POINT C

CLOUD POINT C

MELTING POINT C

FLASH POINT C

25 6.8

5.4 2.1

159 106

<2 < 0.2

unsaturated saturated

-13 -36

<0 < -30

250 200

10 16 39 40 71

2.7 3.5 8.3 8 10.8

73 132 196 178 142

< 0.3 < 0.1 <2 <2 <3 <2

saturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated saturated

-47 -12 -9 -18 -15

< -25 < -10 <0 < -10 -13

58 - 63 -

> 200 240 270 290 260 > 250

18 24

4 5.9

121 207

<1 <1

saturated unsaturated

-9 < -21

-4 -32

250 275

20 35 46 46 46 46 55 68 68 92

4.5 7 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.5 10.3 12.5 12.5 12.8

140 170 195 195 195 195 180 190 190 136

< 0.1 <2 < 0.1 <1 <1 < 1.5 <3 <1 <2 <2

saturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated

< -42 < -5 < -40 < -40 < -40 < -25 5 < -45 < -45 < -18

< -30 -9 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 10 -24 -25 -14

> 235 > 250 > 300 > 300 > 300 > 280 > 280 > 300 > 300 > 250

26 30 65 104 142 -

5.3 5.8 14 13.5 17.7 17 -

144 140 185 130 140 -

<1 < 0.35 <2 <2 < 0.5 <3 <2

saturated saturated unsaturated unsaturated saturated saturated saturated

<0 -4 -30 -27 < -30 -

<0 -1 < -3 <0 -15 -

59 - 63 50 - 54

280 290 300 280 250 290 260

1100 1650

91 132.7

167 183

<2 <4

unsaturated unsaturated

-30 -36

290 290

NATURAL FATS AND OILS

Table 10 / composition of natural fats and oils

SATURATED ACIDS CAPROIC CAPRYLIC CAPRIC LAURIC MYRISTIC PALMITIC STEARIC ARACHIDIC C20 BEHENIC LIGNOCERIC C24 MYRISTOLEIC C14:1 MAX

C6

C8

C10

C12

C14

C16

C18

C22

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

Coconut oil Palm kernel oil Palm oil Cottonseed oil Olive oil Groundnut oil Rapeseed oil Corn oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil Grapeseed oil Safflower oil Linseed oil Castor oil Tall oil (2) Tallow Lard Fish oil T=Traces - low erucic - high erucic

0 0

1 0.5

5 2

9 5

5 2

10 4

44 45

53 56

13 13 0.5 0.5 0 0 T T 0.5

19 18 2 2 1 1 T T 1.5

8 6 43 20 7 6 3 0 8 7 3

11 12 48 23 16 12 6 5 12 11 6 8 8 7 2

1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1

3 3 6 3 3 6 3 3 5 7 5 4 4 5 2

T 0

T 1 1

2 0 0

1 T 0

3 T 2

1 T T

2 T T

0 0.5 0.5 1

0.5

1.5

6 6 4 1

0 1 1 4 6 4 10 20 25 10 30 30 15 12 10 1 19 18 3 T T

3 T T 0 1

(1) Up to 7 unsaturations, average 3. (2) Tall oil contains approximately 45% fatty acids, 42% rosin acids and 13% terpenes. The average molecular weight is given for the fatty acids only.

39

UNSATURATED ACIDS PALMITOLEIC C16:1 OLEIC GADOLEIC ERUCIC RICINOLEIC C18:1.OH LINOLEIC LINOLENIC C18:3

POLY UNSATURATED ACIDS LICANIC MIXED UNSAT C20 (1) MIXED UNSAT C22 (1) CLUPANADONIC C22:5 IODINE VALUE SAPONISOLIDIFICATION FICATION VALUE POINT C

C18:1

C20:1

C22:1

C18:2

C18:3.0

AVERAGE AVERAGE C20:3 C22:3

G12/100 G MG KOH/G

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX
0 0 0.5 0 1 1 2 2 5 10 35 23 65 1 2 40 50 9 19 20 25 15 13 18 4 39 2 0 10 6 4 14 35 40 14 8 19 40 35 85 56 65 25 49 30 32 25 20 22 5 54 46 52 20 T T T T 85 90 1 5 5 15 0 30 5 60 1 1 8 42 4 20 18 11 34 43 54 62 70 13 4 35 4 6 4 3 4 11 54 15 35 28 25 62 56 70 73 75 17 5 47 10 12 10 2 0 0 1 4 2 3 3 15 25 10 25 0.5 45 3 60 8 0 14 2 8 5 14 12 T T 0 2 8 14 50 100 82 85 100 91 115 125 120 123 140 170 82 165 48 65 160 11 23 55 115 90 100 120 108 125 140 135 140 150 200 90 170 58 68 190 250 245 195 192 190 185 185 170 188 190 187 189 188 189 177 175 195 188 190 264 255 205 200 195 192 198 185 195 195 194 197 194 195 187 185 200 198 195 40 33 25 45 46 35 16 18 3 17 21 6 20 22 33 30 17 26 5 15 15 20 17 26 28 39 36 26 32 15 23 20 24 20

APHA

cOLOR STANdARdS

LOVIBO N D 51/4 COmpARISON CHART

GARDN E R

Y R

LOVIBO N D 1

Y R

SS
Methods of Analysis

Acid value Iodine value Hydroxyl value Saponification value Fatty acid composition Melting point Cloud point alpha-monoglycerides Free glycerol Moisture Karl Fischer Color, Lovibond Color, Gardner Color, Apha Flash point, C

AOCS Cd 3a-63 AOCS Cd 1-25 AOCS Cd 13-60 AOCS Cd 3-25 AOCS Ce 1b-89 AOCS Cc 3-25 AOCS Cc 6-25 AOCS Cd 11-57 Section II AOCS Ca 14-56 AOCS Ca 2e-84 AOCS Cc 13b-45 Colorscan AOCS Td 1a-64 Colorscan AOCS Td 1b-64 Colorscan AOCS Cc 9a-48

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