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We are eight students studying in Menoufia University, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Industrial Electronics and Control. Our gradution project is intelligent control on wind turbine.

Why did we choose energy resources to be our project?

Why did we choose wind energy especially? What will we do?(Aim &benefits) Overview Of Our System:

Basic Idea

Horizontal Turbine
i.

Mechanical part:
1.
2. 3. 4.

Rotor.
Gearbox. Generator. Yaw system & tower.

ii.

Control part.

Conclusion.
Future work.

Due to the total dependence on electrical networks that is run by natural gas, that costs the government high costs. Theres no optimal use of natural resources, especially in electricity generation. Due to the continuously cut off power and the disturbances occurs in the grid. There is a big need to activate the clean energy generated from wind to produce electricity to reduce the pressure on electrical networks.

Nowadays, wind turbines are the fastest growing and most costeffective renewable energy technology in the world


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Our project aims to design an intelligent control of wind turbine that guarantees a steady-state aerodynamic performance The designed controller will regulate optimally the ratio between the wind speed and the speed of related rotor of the utilized generator to supply the grid by the suitable frequency without any fluctuations.
The project aims to solve the problem of the shifting of operating point and the change in current and voltage to obtain the maximum power.

Our project aims to produce an egyptian system rather than importing black box systems
Clean energy generated from wind to produce electricity to reduce the pressure on electrical networks

Clean electricity production . Easy to produce electricity in far places such as desert. Economic rather than electricity transmossion cables that loss huge power while transmitting it for far distance Reduce pressure on power grids due to increased number of uses on the grid. There is no disruption in electricity generated which maintains the electrical appliances Guarantees a steady-state aerodynamic performance. Solve the problem of the shifting of operating point and the change in current and voltage to obtain the maximum power. Supply the grid by the suitable frequency without any fluctuations.

In our project, we aim to convert kinetic energy from the wind, also called wind energy, into mechanical energy (a process known as wind power). The mechanical energy is used to produce electricity.

This is the most common wind turbine design. The axis of blades are parallel to the ground.

Adv:

Blade Adjustment. Efficiency of Operation. Horizontal-axis wind turbines have blades that are designed perpendicular to the direction of wind that

can generate electricity at low wind speeds.

 Disadvantage:

The vertical turbine has a pulsating torque. When the wind blowing on blades on both sides of the main rotator shaft at the same time. They tend to go in the direction of the wind, which will produce a torque. This can damage the blades and reduce the effectiveness of the turbine. They do not take advantage of the higher.

ROTOR
The rotor is the heart of the wind turbine which converts the wind energy into a mechanical energy (rotation). It consists of blades attached to a hub. Rotors blades take the energy out of the wind. They capture the wind and convert its motive energy into the rotation of the hub.

BLADES

No. of blades = 3. Blades are Constructed with Fiberglass. Lightweight, strong, inexpensive, good fatigue characteristics.

HUB

The structure on which the blades of the rotor are mounted.

GEARBOX

It connects the low-speed shaft connected to the rotor to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speed, delivering this speed to generator.

NACELLE

Its a cover housing that houses all of the generating components in a wind turbine, including the generator, gearbox, drive train, and brake.

TOWER

Its used to carry the nacelle that contains all the mechanical parts.

GENERATOR
It operates by mechanically turning their rotor faster than the synchronous speed, giving negative slip. Induction generator.
Single phase doubly fed induction generator are fed ac currents into both the stator and the rotor windings.

It automatically synchronizes with the power system, so its control is simpler and less expensive. Easy operation, ability to connect directly to the ac source, low cost maintanence and durability, easy to repair, less sparking produced.

THE EFFECT OF THE VARIATION IN THE WIND SPEED MAY RESULT IN:1)

2)
3) 4)

Change in the output voltage. Change in the output frequency. Change in the output power. Shift in the operating point.

Wind

direction changes over time causing a drop in the power production. There is no control on the mechanical parts and the unpredictable results.

PART3: CONTROL PART

For solving problems of wind turbine we use strategies such as :-

POWER ELECTRONICS

The power from generator changes due to the change in wind speed. The AC/DC/AC converter is used to obtain constant power transferred to loads and constant frequency (50 HZ), even if wind speed changes. DC link is used to compensate the reduction in power due to variation of wind speed.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Low wind, the generator is not connected to grid. Medium wind, the generator is connected, but does not produce nominal power. Higher wind, the generator is connected and produces nominal power. No wind, the generator is disconnected and the turbine is stopped.

Controlling the speed.

Controlling the angle of attack and tip speed ratio.

The pitch angle is controlled to keep the generator power at rated power by reducing the angle of the blades. The variation of CP with the pitch angle for various values of the Tip speed ratio . Thus, by varying the pitch angle, the power coefficient can be changed and the power captured by the turbine can be controlled.

YAW CONTROL
Direction control. Turn the nacelle with the rotor against the wind for maximum tapping of energy from the wind. The wind vane signals are used by the wind turbine's electronic controller to turn the wind turbine against the wind, using the yaw mechanism.

CONCLUSION

The major components of a wind turbine are: the rotor, the gearbox, the generator, the control and protection system, the tower and the foundation.

The change of wind causes change of output power , So

We apply our control (power electronics , pitch, yaw ) to obtain regulated power from turbine even if wind speed or wind direction changes

 Implement

wind turbine in the industrial field to provide effective resource energy. our intelligent control we will provide safety and protection for wind turbine, giving facilities of remote faults detection and correction.

From

Yes, our system is real and there will be an Egyptian prototype very soon.
Of course, we will implement our system and apply our intelligent control. Our system will solve problems faced by our society as we really need another source of electricity.

We can sell the system to companies , governments, farms , new Tourists villages, etc.

We wanted to make an Egyptian-made system to emulate and compete the systems that comes as a black box from the foreign countries.
Recently, We saw the problems in electricity and the huge pressure on elctrical grids that affect badly on it, so when I produce an egyptian product that introduce another source of power, of course, the market will accept it.