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By The North Carolina Petroleum & Convenience Marketers 7300 Glenwood Avenue Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 919-782-4411 Web site: www.ncpcm.org Tim Laughlin, PE Technical Affairs Director Email: tlaughlin@ncpcm.org
Last update January 20, 2011 The intent of this document is to provide information to NCPCM Petroleum Marketing Industry members. It will not serve as engineering design, permit approvals, construction documents, and equipment approvals or for any other purpose.
REPAIR GARAGE.
A building, structure or portion thereof used for servicing or repairing motor vehicles.
SELF-SERVICE STATION.
That portion of a service station where liquid motor fuels are dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles by persons other than a service station attendant.
BULK TRANSFER.
The loading or unloading of flammable or combustible liquids from or between tank vehicles, tank cars, or storage tanks.
FLASH POINT.
The minimum temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liquid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as specified in ASTM D 56, ASTM D 93 or ASTM D 3278.
TANK, PRIMARY.
A listed atmospheric tank used to store liquid.
Class II Tanks, Dike, 6'-Fence & Collision Protection 50' 20' 660 gal. K-1 Tank & Dispenser
10' Dispenser Islands Property Lines (DOT)-25' Public Way NO SCALE (Highway-Right of Way)
20' 10'
All tanks must be UL labeled with maximum individual capacity of 12,000 gals., with total capacity limited at 48,000 gals. (Tanks in vaults can have up to 15,000 gals to 20,000 gals. individual capacity)
Liquid & Tank Type Individual Tank Capacity (gallons) Min. Distance From Nearest Important Building on Same Property (Feet) 5 15 Same as Gasoline Min. Distance From Nearest Fuel Dispenser Min. Distance From Nearest Lot Line Which is or can be built upon, Including Opposite side of public way 15 25 Same as Gasoline Min. Distance From Nearest Side of Public Way 5 15 Same as Gasoline 50 Min. Distance Between Tanks
Gasoline only allowed in protected tanks (UL2085) Diesel, Fuel Oil & Kerosene in protected tanks (UL 2085) Other Tanks
3 3 Same as Gasoline 3
All
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100
*At commercial, industrial, governmental, or manufacturing establishments, (Fleet Vehicle Service Stations) where tanks are intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business, no minimum distance shall be required of the dispenser for gasoline, diesel, kerosene and fuel oil tanks.
1. You can install Gasoline ASTs under 1,100 gallons at Fleet Accounts in accordance with the latest edition of NFPA-30A. See Code change dated March 11, 2003, Volume V, NC Fire Code-Section 2206.2.3 ADD NEW SECTION: Fleet Vehicle Service Stations: 5.Aboveground storage tanks 1,100 gallons or less in capacity, may be used to store Class I liquids at fleet vehicle service stations in accordance with NFPA 30A. 2. Small Kerosene tanks (K-1) less than 660 gallons are exempt from the distance requirements and are installed per 2002 NC Fire Code section 2206.2.3.1. 3. Tanks also require liquid level gages and to alert attendant during unloading when tank reaches 90% of capacity alarm and stop product flow when the tank reaches 95% of capacity. The transport must be at least 25 feet from the tanks when unloading gasoline and 15 feet with diesel. NC Fire Prevention Code (IFC) Sections 2206.6.2.6 and 3404.2.9.6.8 requires a fixed 5 gallon spill container be attached to the fill pipe on top of tanks or portable spill containment will be allowed for tanks will remote fill connections. There are more requirements too numerous to enclose here (see NC Fire Code Chapters 22 & 34 or NFPA 30 & 30A). For more information please call Tim Laughlin at NCPCM.
TYPICAL ABOVEGROUND TANK INSTALLATION for PUBLIC MOTOR FUEL DISPENSING FACILITY UL-2085 DOUBLE WALL TANKS REMOTE FILL
SPILL BUCKET
BYPASS LINE
#2 TO TANKS
#3 #1
#4 TO DISPENSERS
*EMERGENCY VENT
TANK OVERFILL ALARM @ 90% AND AUTOMATIC SHUT OFF @ 95% or Per API 2350
TANK GAUGE
*Emergency relief venting consists of a manufactured emergency vent to relieve at approximately 2.5 psig pressure, or refer to liftable manhole covers, large diameter vents or weak roof to shell welds if either of these alternatives is used. NC Fire Prevention Code (IFC) Sections 2206.6.2.6 and 3404.2.9.6.8 requires a fixed 5 gallon spill container be attached to the fill pipe on top of tanks or portable spill containment will be allowed for tanks with remote fill connections. Each tank must have a lockable valve on its main flow connection. Overfill prevention must be installed or in accordance with API 2350. Overfill prevention must be tested at regular intervals. Water shall not pool around tank bottom. Horizontal tanks must be installed on approved foundations and masonry supports, fire protected steel supports are allowed.
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2. Piping at tank openings which is not to be used further shall be disconnected. 3. Piping shall be removed from the ground. Exception: Piping is allowed to be abandoned in place where the code official determines that removal is not practical. Abandoned piping shall be capped and safeguarded as required by the code official. 4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged, leaving a 0.125-inch to 0.25-inch-diameter (3.2 mm to 6.4 mm) opening for pressure equalization. 5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inserted prior to removal. 3404.2.14.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local regulations.
Emergency Venting is Required on All Tanks Storing Gasoline & Distillate Fuels & Some Hydraulic/Lubrication Oils
From UL-142 Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids and NC Fire Code. Emergency venting is for Aboveground Storage Tanks that store Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene, Fuel Oil (NA on Residential Fuel Tanks) and in some cases Hydraulic and Lubrication Oils (tanks under 12,000 gallons). Do not tighten manhole bolts on tanks that use manholes for emergency venting. Do not attach anything to manholes that are use as emergency venting. UL-142 Section 8 Venting: 8.1 Each primary containment tank and each compartment of a compartment tank shall have provision for both normal and emergency venting. The openings for these vents shall be located at the top of the tank. The interstitial (annular) space of a secondary containment tank shall have provision for emergency venting. The opening for this emergency vent shall be located at the top of the secondary containment and shall terminate vertically above the top of the primary tank. These vent openings shall be in addition to the fill, withdrawal, and liquid level gauge openings. 8.2 The normal venting shall be sized in accordance with Table 8.2 and shall be at least as large as the filling or withdrawal connection, whichever is larger, but in no case less than 1-1/4 inch (30 mm) nominal inside diameter. 8.3 The provision for emergency venting shall be: a) An opening that complies with the requirements in 8.4 and is provided for that purpose only or b) A manhole with cover as described in 8.8 8.10 and a vent opening for normal venting complying with the requirements in 8.11. 8.8 A manhole in the top of a tank, with a cover constructed so as to lift under internal pressure such that the pressure in the tank cannot exceed a gauge pressure of 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) may serve for emergency venting. Where emergency venting is provided by such manhole and cover, the tank shall include a vent opening for normal venting in accordance with the requirements in 8.11. 8.9 Emergency venting in accordance with 8.8 may be obtained by an arrangement such that the cover of a manhole not less than 16 inches (0.4 m) in diameter can be lifted vertically not less than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) under conditions requiring emergency venting. 8.10 A long bolt manhole intended for emergency venting shall comply with Figure 9.1, except that the number of bolts and the number of holes may be reduced to one-half the number specified in Table 9.1. The bolts shall have an unthreaded section so that the cover can lift a minimum of 1-1/2 inches (38 mm).
New 2009 NC Fire Code Changes Bulk Storage Tank Overfill Prevention Code
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The new 2009 NC Fire code on Flammable and Combustible Liquids storage tanks has changed the requirements on new bulk storage tanks under chapter 34 at bulk plants. This change does not apply to tanks used for the storage and dispensing to motorized equipment motorized vehicles under Chapter 22 or to tanks not located at the facilities listed below. From 2009 NC Fire Code: 3404.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.6.6 shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by sections 3406.4 or 3406.7 shall have overfill prevention in accordance with API 2350. Exception: Outside aboveground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons or less. The American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practice 2350 Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities is now required for all new bulk plant tanks after January 1, 2009. Paraphrased from API 2350-Attended facilities (bulk plants) where electronic overfill detectors are not installed on tanks. Written procedures for product receipt shut down and diversion shall be developed by facility operator in accordance with API 2350. Installation of electronic overfill detectors are not required for attended bulk plants. It is the facility operator decision on whether or not to install electronic systems. The US EPA SPCC regulations do require electronic overfill prevention or equivalent environmental protection as prescribed by professional engineer.
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At the dispensers, close all impact/emergency valves by tripping the lever. Even if your dispensers dont get submerged, the force of flood waters or other floating objects could knock dispensers loose. Turn off all power to pumps and dispensers, automatic tank gauges and other components. For USTs, the product level in the tank doesnt matter as long as you are sure they have adequate anchorage to prevent floating. Consider filling the tanks with product if you are uncertain that your tanks are anchored. However, the risk you take is that no matter what you do, you cannot ensure the integrity of the system, and water may enter the tanks and displace product into the environment. If there is any possibility that flood levels could reach higher than the tank vents (12 feet), extend them with PVC pipe or other means. Unit aboveground storage tanks (steel tanks mounted in their own steel containment dikes) should have the dike drainage valves opened. This will allow flood waters to enter the diked area to help keep the unit tank from moving. (Close drain ASAP after flood event)
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US EPA regulation 40 CFR 80.22 (j) states that all retailer and wholesaler purchaser-consumer who dispenses gasoline or methanol into a motor vehicle at a facility handling more than 10,000 gallons of gasoline a month must limit
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the gasoline nozzle flow to 10 GPM by July 1, 1996. All gasoline dispenses handling under 10,000 gallons of gasoline per month must comply with this rule by January 1, 1998. Flow limits or flow restricters must be installed in each case where the gasoline dispensing nozzle flow rates are greater than 10 GPM. The US EPA will enforce this regulation with their own inspectors, and violators can be fined up to $25,000 per violation plus economic benefit. This rule is designed to control ambient air pollution (spit back) from motor vehicles during refueling and help the on-board vapor recovery canister being implemented on new motor vehicles starting with model year 1998. NOZZLE FLOW RATE TESTING. A procedure for flow rate testing to be followed by Federal EPA Inspectors follows. Basically the dispenser closest to the tanks or pumps will be used for the test. Testing procedure is basically measuring the time to dispense 2.00 gallons of fuel with a digital stop watch that can read to the least 0.01 seconds into a calibrated 5 gallon proving fuel container. TEST PROCEDURE: 1) If no vehicles are fueling, use the 5 gallon container. Start the stop watch when the dispenser indicates 1.00 gallons dispense. 2) Carefully measure the time with the stopwatch that it takes to dispense exactly 2.00 gallons of fuel. (i.e., stop the stopwatch when the dispenser indicates 3.00 gallons dispensed) 3) If the time is greater than 11.8 seconds, there is no violation. (there is a 0.2 second test tolerance) 4) If the time is less than or equal to 11.8 seconds repeat the test for another 2.00 gallons. If the second test is either less than or equal to 11.8 seconds, use the 5.0 gallon container to verify the accuracy of the dispenser meter. If the volume dispensed, when the meter shows 5.00 gallons, is more than 6 cubic inches over or under the five gallon mark, note this on the inspection form. If the volume of the container is 5.00 gallons or greater, note as a violation. If the volume is less than the 5.00 gallons by 6 cubic inches, conduct the test on another dispenser unit. The following volumes and times may be used; 2.00gals.@11.8 sec., 3.00gals.@17.7 sec., 4.00gals.@ 23.6 sec., 5.00gals.@29.5 sec.
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UDC
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professional engineering services in Virginia. There are discounts available for more than one service. The fees for these services are as follows: Service
US EPA Spill Plan Preparations US EPA Spill Plan Amendments US EPA Spill Contingency Plans per 112.7(d) US EPA External AST inspection. NC DWM Permits UST From 6A and 6C with prints US EPA Facility Response Plans, USCG Mobile Facility Response Plans Virginia AST Oil Discharge Contingency Plan (ODCP) Virginia Structural Engineering certification for secondary containment Propane Fire Safety Analysis per NFPA-58, NC, VA, & SC. NC DWQ General Stormwater Plans/Permits NC Fire Code for ASTs. Concrete Dikes, Other Engineering items.
The US EPA has established regulations requiring spill prevention and control for aboveground storage tanks greater than 1,320 gallons or two tanks with total capacity greater than 1320 gallons. Secondary containment can be dikes, berms, remote impounding or other various means. Dikes and berms must hold the single largest tank plus 10 percent for rainwater allowances. Another design criterion that can be used is the single largest tank plus the freeboard allowance factor. The freeboard allowance in NC is typically the minimum dike wall height to contain the single largest tank volume plus 6 inches. The dike floor is required to be coated, lined or has impermeable earth to prevent seepage. PLAN VIEW 5FT. 10FT.
46FT. CONCRETE DIKE & FLOOR 5FT. 3.86Ft. DIKE DRAIN 3ft. 3ft.
SIDE VIEW 20FT. Consider the above drawing and example dike volume design procedure. We have three 20,000 gal. vertical tanks. Tanks are 10 Ft. in Diameter with a radius of 5 Ft., 5 Ft. from dike walls and 3 Ft. from each other. For our example we will add ten percent to the single largest tank which would equal 22,000 gals. Convert gallons to cubic feet by dividing gallons by 7.48 gals./cubic Ft. Therefore, 22,000 gals. 7.48 = 2942 Cubic Feet. The minimum area of the pad is 20 Ft. X 46 Ft. = 920 Square Feet. The other two tanks must be taken into consideration for their displacement area by calculating X radius squared X 2 tanks. Therefore, 3.14 X 52 X 2 = 157 Ft.2 Net dike available area, 920 Ft.2 157 Ft.2 = 763 Ft.2 To determine dike wall height, divide 2942 Ft.3 by 763 Ft.2 = 3.86 Ft. or 3 Ft. 11 inches high. Tanks should be kept at a minimum of 3 feet from the toe of the dike wall. Calculations for horizontal tanks would follow the same procedure. Horizontal tank ends must be kept a minimum of 3 feet inside dike wall.
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1910.146(c)(7) A space classified by the employer as a permit-required confined space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space under the following procedures: 1910.146(c)(7)(i) If the permit space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards within the space are eliminated without entry into the space, the permit space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space for as long as the non-atmospheric hazards remain eliminated. 1910.146(c)(7)(ii) If it is necessary to enter the permit space to eliminate hazards, such entry shall be performed under paragraphs (d) through (k) of this section. If testing and inspection during that entry demonstrate that the hazards within the permit space have been eliminated, the permit space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space for as long as the hazards remain eliminated. 1910.146(c)(7)(iii) The employer shall document the basis for determining that all hazards in a permit space have been eliminated, through a certification that contains the date, the location of the space, and the signature of the person making the determination. The certification shall be made available to each employee entering the space or to that employee's authorized representative. 1910.146(c)(7)(iv) If hazards arise within a permit space that has been declassified to a non-permit space under paragraph (c)(7) of this section, each employee in the space shall exit the space. The employer shall then reevaluate the space and determine whether it must be reclassified as a permit space, in accordance with other applicable provisions of this section. 1910.146(c)(8) When an employer (host employer) arranges to have employees of another employer (contractor) perform work that involves permit space entry, the host employer shall: 1910.146(c)(8)(i) Inform the contractor that the workplace contains permit spaces and that permit space entry is allowed only through compliance with a permit space program meeting the requirements of this section; 1910.146(c)(8)(ii) Apprise the contractor of the elements, including the hazards identified and the host employer's experience with the space, that make the space in question a permit space; 1910.146(c)(8)(iii) Apprise the contractor of any precautions or procedures that the host employer has implemented for the protection of employees in or near permit spaces where contractor personnel will be working; 1910.146(c)(8)(iv) Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when both host employer personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or near permit spaces, as required by paragraph (d)(11) of this section; and 1910.146(c)(8)(v) Debrief the contractor at the conclusion of the entry operations regarding the permit space program followed and regarding any hazards confronted or created in permit spaces during entry operations. For a complete review of the regulations go to the below web site: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9797
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IFC/NC Fire Code Require Emergency Disconnect Switches at all Public Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities
Since the mid 1980s all service stations, convenience stores, and other motor fuel dispensing facilities have been required to install emergency disconnect switch. IFC Fire Code Section 2203.2 Emergency disconnect switches. An approved, clearly identified and readily accessible emergency disconnect switch shall be provided at an approved location, to stop the transfer of fuel to the fuel dispensers in the event of a fuel spill or other emergency. An emergency disconnect switch for exterior fuel dispensers shall be located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of, but not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from, the fuel dispensers. For interior fuel-dispensing operations, the emergency disconnect switch shall be installed at an approved location. Such devices shall be distinctly labeled as: EMERGENCY FUEL SHUTOFF. Signs shall be provided in approved locations.
Convenience Store Employee Supervision of Refueling Operations in Accordance with NC Fire Codes
From Chapter 22 of the NC Fire Code: 2204.1 Supervision of dispensing. The dispensing of fuel at motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be conducted by a qualified attendant or shall be under the supervision of a qualified attendant at all times or shall be in accordance with Section 2204.3. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities must have a trained, qualified attendant on duty when the facility is open for business, unless the fire code official specifically approves an unattended location. 2204.2 Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2204.2.1 through 2204.2.5. Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall have at least one qualified attendant on duty while the facility is open for business. The attendants primary function shall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of fuel. The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of fuel into containers that do not comply with Section 2204.4.1, control sources of ignition, give immediate attention to accidental spills or releases, and be prepared to use fire extinguishers. An attendant trained in spill control, ignition source control, recognizing approved fuel containers and fire extinguishment is required to be in visual contact with the dispensing operation when the motor fuel-dispensing facility is open for business unless the fire code official has given approval for an unattended self-service facility. The attendant may perform other duties such as those of cashier so long as the attendant can supervise the dispensing operation and has immediate access to emergency shutoff controls. Note that the responsibility of supervision, observation and control of the dispensing operations includes enforcement of the procedures and rules in Sections 2205.6 and 2210.5. 2205.6 Warning signs. Warning signs shall be conspicuously posted within sight of each dispenser in the fuel-dispensing area and shall state the following: 1. It is illegal and dangerous to fill unapproved containers with fuel. 2. Smoking is prohibited. 3. The engine shall be shut off during the refueling process. 4. Portable containers shall not be filled while located inside the trunk, passenger compartment, or truck bed of a vehicle. The warning sign must be legible and conspicuously posted in the dispensing area. The intent is to notify the dispenser operator not to use unapproved fuel containers, to remove portable containers from the vehicle before filling (see commentary, Section 2204.4.3) and to eliminate ignition source, such as smoking and operating internal combustion engines. The warnings should be on a sign with a contrasting background that will catch the eye of the person performing the dispensing operation.
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(b) As used in this subsection, "petroleum" has the same meaning as in G.S. 143-215.94A. A person who owns or has control over petroleum that is discharged into the environment shall immediately take measures to collect and remove the discharge, report the discharge to the Department within 24 hours of the discharge, and begin to restore the area affected by the discharge in accordance with the requirements of this Article if the volume of the petroleum that is discharged is 25 gallons or more or if the petroleum causes a sheen on nearby surface water or if the petroleum is discharged at a distance of 100 feet or less from any surface water body. If the volume of petroleum that is discharged is less than 25 gallons, the petroleum does not cause a sheen on nearby surface water, and the petroleum is discharged at a distance of more than 100 feet from all surface water bodies, the person who owns or has control over the petroleum shall immediately take measures to collect and remove the discharge. If a discharge of less than 25 gallons of petroleum cannot be cleaned up within 24 hours of the discharge or if the discharge causes a sheen on nearby surface water, the person who owns or has control over the petroleum shall immediately notify the Department.
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API Color Symbols System for Proper ID of Fuel Storage Tanks, Fills & Piping
The industry standard color code is provided via the American Petroleum Institute (API). API Standard 1637USING THE API COLOR-SYMBOL SYSTEM TO MARK EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES FOR PRODUCT rd IDENTIFICATION AT GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITIES AND DISTRIBUTION TERMINALS. (3 Edition July 2006). Contact API at www.api.org for copy of standard. COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL The IFC Fire Code requires each fill pipe for motor fuel at a service station must have a label or must be painted a particular color to represent the product in the tank. Furthermore, there must be a key or code chart for such color painting available inside the station office and every employee should be aware of the location of the color code at the station. NIST Handbook 44 also requires an ID system in place. If color code is used, a color chart is required at the place of business where it can be easily seen, preferably where it can be seen from the tanks. If a Standards Division Inspector (NCDA-CS) visits the station they must be able to determine what fill pipe represents what product and there must be a (color code) chart available to spell it out. Just using "memory" will not suffice. As to what colors are best for the various fuels sold - each company can use their own scheme but the recommendations of the American Petroleum Institute (API) are shown on this page. Anytime there is the slightest doubt as to color codes or what products that customer has stop and call dispatch. SEE CHART BELOW SAMPLE COLOR CODE CHART ULS KEROSENE ULSD
U
GASOLINES UNLEADED
DISTILLATES & BIODIESEL UNDER 20% BLEND LOW SULFUR HIGH SULFUR
High Grade
Diesel
Mid Grade
Low Grade
BASED FUELS
HIGH MID LOW
B2
Kerosene
B2
USED OIL
OBSERVATION WELL
VAPOR RECOVERY
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