INTERSHIP REPORT on United Bank Limited

Submitted By:Miss uzma (MBC-08-62) Submitted To: Mr.M.Sadiq Shahid Malik (Internship Coordinator)

IMS BZU MULTAN

In the name of ALLAH, The Beneficent, The Merciful: FROM THE GLORIOUS QURAN

It is not righteous that you turn your faces towards the East And the west but righteousness is this that one should believe in ALLAH and The last day and the Angels and the Book and the Prophet (PBUH) and giveaway wealth out of the love for him to needy and the way-farer and the Beggars and for the way-farer and the beggars and for (the emancipation of) the captives, and keep up prayer and pay the poor rate; and; the performers of their promise, and the patient in distress and affliction and in time of conflicts these are those who are true (to themselves) and these are they who guard (against evil)

DEDICATION ALMIGHTY ALLAH SUBHANA TALAH & HIS HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (Peace be upon him) & ENDLESS LOVE OF MY PARENTS MY TEACHERS WHOSE PRAYERS HAVE ENABLE ME TO COMPLETE MY PROJECT AND IN EVERY FIELD OF MY LIFE.

P R E F A C E

In Master of Business Administration practical experience is an important part to give students an opportunity to have experience of practical field. Unless the students experience the novelty of practical work, their knowledge of what they study in theoretical courses remains incomplete. The most important point in an Internship Program is that the student should spend their time in a true manner and with the spirit to learn practical orientation of theoretical study framework.

This report is on my experience at United Bank Limited. In this report I have tried my best to give details about the United Banks working and the functions of different departments of the bank.

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICENT THE MOST MERCIF

TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.N o 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8

Topic Introduction to banking

Page No.
8

Introduction of UNITED BANK LTD

10

Corporate information

11

Introduction of departments

12

Current department

12

Accounts department

14

Remittances department Clearing department

15 17

9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 .

Cash department

18

Foreign exchange department

19

Activities performed by me

22

Financial analysis (horizontal)

26

Financial analysis (vertical)

27

SWOT analysis PEST analysis

29

31

1 6 . 1 7 .

Suggestions

33

List of contacts

35

Executive Summary:
As we know that IMS used to sent their students for internship in different organizations, so that students can work practically and observe their respective organization under the knowledge which they gain from MBA. For the internship purpose I was sent to the United Bank Ltd Cantt branch Multan. . I joined UNITED BANK LTD on June 01, 2009 and I spent six weeks i.e. June 1, 2009 to July 15, 2009. During these six weeks I visited different departments of bank, observed their working and also participated in few departments as well. In this 6 weeks internship program, I have worked in Regional Credit Administration Departments (MIS section, Processing section, Documentation section) of this high class bank of Pakistan where, I have learned about banking from experienced managers running these sections. This report contains the information and learning about UNITED BANK LTD that I learnt during the 8 weeks internship period in United Bank limited. This report deals with Credit Administration Department where, I worked. UNITED BANK LTD also has centralized information system through CARS (Credit Analysis Reporting System) and CREAMS (Credit Risk Environments Administration Management System). At the end of this report, on the basis of my observations during internship, financial analysis and SWOT analysis of UNITED BANK LTD is provided. Suggestions are also recommended as per learning from analysis. This report will provide a better and brief learning about United Bank Limited.

Bank Definition:
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WHAT IS A BANK?
It is a pipeline through which currency moves into and out of circulation. Bank accepts

deposits of money and repays cash to its customers on demand. The bank borrows money at a lesser rate of interest and lends it to the borrowers at a higher rate. It is thus a profit lending concern. Bank cannot lend all the money that has been deposited with it. It has to keep a certain portion of the total deposits in cash with them in order to meet the cash requirements of individuals and business concerns.

Definition of a Bank:
A bank is a dealer in debt of its own & other people. (Crowthers) A bank is an institution, which receives deposits and advances loans.(j.m.keynz). A banker is a dealer in capital or more properly a dealer in money. (GW.Gilbert) A Bank is a safe custodian of the money of the people with promises to earn on the behalf of the deposited & give them back their money on demand. Banking means the accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment, of deposit of money from public, repayable by Cheques, draft, and order or otherwise. (Banking companies ordinance 1962).

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Banking History
Evolution of Banking:
The word bank is said to been derived from the word Bancus or Banque, which means a bench. The reason of this opinion is the fact that the Jews in Lombardy transacted the business of money exchange on benches in the market place; and when the business field, the Banco; was destroyed by the people. Incidentally the word Bankrupt is said to been evolved from this practice. Other authorities hold the opinion that; bank is derived from the German work back that means joint stock fund. Later on when the Germans occupied major part of Italy, the word back was Italianized into bank; however, it is not possible to decide that whose opinion is correct, because no record is available to ascertain the validity of any of the opinion.

Modern banking developed stages:

Accepting of Deposits:

Thus the first stage in the development of modern banking was accepting of deposits cash from those who had surplus money with them. Issue of bank Notes:

The goldsmith used to issue receipt for the money deposited with them, which began to pass from hand to hand in settlement of transactions as people and confidence in the integrity and solvency of goldsmiths. The receipts were drawn in a way that it entitled the holder to claim the specified amount of money from goldsmiths. These receipts were the earlier bank notes. Thus the second stage in the development of banking was the issue of bank notes. Interest on deposits: The goldsmith discovered all the people who had deposited money did not come to withdraw their funds in cash. Only a few people presented the receipts for encashment during a given period of time and they also found that most of the money deposited with them was lying idle. They also found that they were being constantly requested for loans on good security. They thus thought it profitable to lend at least some of the money to the needy persons. This proved profitable for them. Instead of charging interest from depositors, they began to give interest on money deposited with them. Internship Report on UBL

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Overdraft:

Through experience, banks came to know that they could keep a small proportion of total deposits for meeting demands of customers for cash and could easily lend the rest. They allowed depositors to draw over and above than the money standing to their credit. They thus allowed the overdraft facilities to their depositors and this was the fourth stage in the development of banking. When every bank issued receipts and most allowed overdraft facilities and this caused too much confusion in the banking system. In order to earn profits, banks not keep adequate reserves to meet the demands of customers demands for cash. This failure on the part of bankers to return money caused widespread distress among people. In order to create confidence among people, steps were taken to regulate the banking organization. A confidence was held in November in 1548 where it was decided that a bank should be set up by the state, which would streamline the banking organization. the first central bank was thus formed in Geneva in 1694.the responsibility of issuing notes is now entrusted to a central bank to a central bank in each country. With the passage of time, activities of commercial banks increased. They deal with large no of issues such as obtaining funds, discounting bills of exchange etc. commercial banks are now multi-services organizations and play a very important role in financial market.

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BANKING IN PAKISTAN:
At the time of independence, commercial banking facilities were provided fairly well here. There were 487 offices of scheduled banks in the territories now constituting Pakistan. An Expert committee was appointed. The committee recommended that the reserve bank of India should continue to function in Pakistan until 30th September 1948, and Pakistan would take over the management of public debt and exchange control from Reserve Bank of India on 1st April 1948 and that India Notes would continue to be legal tender in Pakistan till 30th September 1948. Moreover the banks including those having their registered offices in Pakistan transferred them to India in order to bring a collapse of a new state. By 30th June1948 the number offices of scheduled banks in Pakistan declined from 487 to only 195. In order to make necessary arrangements for the assumption of control an Expert committee was appointed to recommend necessary steps, including the required legislation to establish a Central Bank for Pakistan. The Governor General of Pakistan Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on July 1, 1948, after the state Bank of Pakistan Order was promulgated on May 12, 1948. The first Pakistan notes were issued in October 1948 in the denomination of Rs. 5, 10, 100; and by August 1949 the State Bank of Pakistan withdrew the Reserve Bank of India notes of the value of Rs. 125.02 Corer with the help of Pakistan notes. Despite the effort Government of Pakistan inscribed notes of the value of Rs. 51.57 corers were still in circulated thus the total Pakistan claim of assets of the issue Department of Reserve Bank of India Amounted to Rs.176.59crores. However the Reserve Bank of India transferred assets of the value of Rs.127.67 corers only to the State Bank of Pakistan and stopped such further transfers on March 23, 1949 on very flimsy grounds. The issue has so far remained unresolved despite protected negotiation between the two countries. As the Centered Bank of the country, the State Bank addressed itself with the equally urgent task of creating a national banking system. In order to attain this goal it provide every help and encouragement to Habib Bank to expand its network of branches and also recommend to Government the establishment of a new bank which could serve as an agent or the State Bank. As the result the National Bank of Pakistan came into over the agency function from the Imperial Bank of India. More Pakistan scheduled banks continued to be established which included the Commerce Bank Limited and the Standard Bank Limited. By June 1965, Internship Report on UBL

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the number of scheduled banks stood at 36; the deposits increased to Rs.688.28 corers while credit expansion by the banks to the private sector rose to Rs.575.87 corers due to keen demand under the impact of economy growth and better scope private enterprises. The networking of banks branches now covers a very large segment of national economy.

Kinds of Bank:
In Pakistan following types of banks are operating COMMERCIAL BANKS AGRICULTURAL BANKS INDUSTRIAL BANK MORTGAGE BANKS EXCHANGE BANKS CO-OPERATIVE BANKS SAVING BANKS CENTRAL BANK At present the banking structure in Pakistan comprises of the following,

CENTRAL BANKS
Every civilized country now has its own central bank. Its main function is to manage the monitory system of the country internally as well as externally. It is closely associated with the money market, and banking system in the country. It is not profit making institute. The center bank of Pakistan is called state bank of Pakistan. as the central bank of the country with its offices at Karachi, Lahore, Pishawar, Quetta, Faislabad, Rawalpindi Islamabad, Multan, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Sukkur, and Hyderabad.

COMMERCIAL BANKS
Commercial banks are those which are engaged in performing the routine duties of banking business. These banks collect surplus money from the people. They make loans and advances Internship Report on UBL

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in the form overdrafts, cash credit, discounting bills of exchange. The commercial bank also performs agency services and general utility services. The banks in short are considered the lifeblood of the economic society.

EXCHANGE BANKS
Exchange banks mainly perform the function of dealing with international trade. These take the responsibility of settlement of foreign exchange. In Pakistan all the nationalized commercial banks have been allowed to do business of exchange banks

SAVING BANKS
Saving banks are those banks, which collect and keep the small saving of the public. The saving banks invest the money in the safest government securities. Post office performs the business of saving banks in Pakistan.

AGRICULTURE BANKS
Agriculture banks are set up to provide the financial assistance to agriculturist. the agriculture banks provide short term credit to the formers for the purchase of seed,manure,etc.They also make long term advances for buying tractors and introducing modern technologies in the forming. In Pakistan agricultural development bank of Pakistan was set up in 1981 to meet5 the financial requirement of agriculture.

INDUSTRIAL BANKS
The industrial banks provided long term credit to the industries. Since the industrial banks have been long-term deposits, so they are in position to permit long-term investment in industries. In Pakistan the industrial development bank set up in 1961.the other institutions engaged in financing financial assistance to industries are PICIC, NDFC, ICP, etc.

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INTRODUCTION OF UNIED BANK LIMITED

History of banking in Pakistan stands with partition. At the time of independence there were 487 offices of schedules banks in territories now consisting Pakistan. But after the announcement of independence plan, the banking services Pakistan were seriously suffered .the banks transferred their registered offices from Pakistan to India. So, by 30thjune 1948, the number of the offices of schedule banks in Pakistan declined from 487 to195. In June 1959, Mr.Agha Hassan Abedi decided to open a bank different from others to provide modern banking facilities to trade and industry and to promote the habit of saving among common people. Necessary formalities have been compiled for registration certificate to perform business to STATE BANK OF PALISTAN for permission. After all these formalities on 7th November 1959, UNITED BANK LTD came into existence as a schedule bank. Head office was establishment in New Jubilee insurance house; I.I Chundrigar Road Karachi. It was registered as Joint Stock Company. The bank was incorporated with an authorized Capital of Rs .20 million which was later rose up to Rs.96 million. Mr. I.I. CHUNDRIGAR was its chairman who died in December 1960 and was replaced by Mr. Habib-I-Rehmat. Mian Shafique Saigul was its managing director who was replaced by Mr. Agha Hassan Abedi in 1962.a1.0 After nationalized Mr. A.K. Yousafi was appointed as managing director for a short while and later on designated as president; he was replaced by MR. Zia-ud-din in on 1-1-1997. Progress of this estimated institute can be measured in terms of deposits and number of branches opened .UNITED BANK LTD have been ranked as number two bank in Pakistan in terms of deposits and number of branches In 1963 first overseas branch was opened in London .in 1966 two branches in Bradford and Birmingham were also opened .in 1967 Dubai and Abu Dhabi branches were opened. More important thing is that UNITED BANK LTD is pioneer in computerization of banking. Its larger branches are fully computerized. Saving and current deposit art computerized in almost all branches.

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ISSION
To be a World Class Bank Where You Come First
The vision of the Bank remains focused on its commitment to higher standards. The bank is emerging as a fully integrated and multi-product institution becoming a financial partner to its customers

ission Statement
Our mission is to serve all your corporate needs and ensure your full satisfaction through product innovation, personalized banking, and top notch services. To provide personalized banking system. To mobilize the domestic saving. To cope out the rapidly changing environment. To provide fully modern and atomized services to their customers. To be the Leading private sector bank in Pakistan

OBJECTIVES
To maintain all its facets of its operations to be more valued than its competitors. Maintain a comprehensive range of domestic and international activities. Fully utilize its capital.

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Be innovative, progressive and responsive to the needs of its customers with in the framework of operational attitude and risk taking, bearing in mind responsibility as a custodian of depositors funds.

To accelerate deposits growth by attracting more customers. To satisfy customers needs and meet their expectations Continuous improvement in the quality of customer services. To be high ranked commercial bank in Pakistan and in overseas. To contribute well in Foreign exchange by providing services abroad the country. To contribute in the economic growth of the country by generating huge profits. To do best in commercial banking and get high market share. To assist the agriculturists and businessmen by providing them credit at low rates.. To correct the structural flaws in the balance sheet To provide better services among other companies To introduce modern banking techniques To develop country specific business revitalization strategies for important franchises to improve the overseas operations

Too implement a performance appraisal process to provide motivation and a merit oriented culture in the bank

To provide extensive training to the employees in the process, products, marketing and selling skills introduced

Upgrading skill levels of staff

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Future Strategy:

UNITED BANK LTD expects its strong customer focus to drive the banks future business strategy. On the domestic front the bank has already launched its consumer banking business UNITED BANK LTD plans to increase investment in developing human resource, infrastructure and internal systems to support the aggressive consumer initiative and exploration of new revenue recognition UNITED BANK LTD plans to introduce a range of credit cards backed by visa and master card and establish a strong market position through innovation and provisions of superior value to the customer On the international front, UNITED BANK LTD plans to continue to build the core gulf business with special focus on trade.

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Corporate Information:
BOARD OF DIRECTOR:
PRESIDENT CHAIRMAN NAHYAN MABARAK DEPUTY CHAIRMAN SIR MOHAMMAD ANWAR PERVEZ OBE PRESIDENT&CEO MR. ATIF R.BOKHARI DIRECTORS Dr. Ashfaque Hasan Khan MR. OMER ZAID JAAFAR AL ASKARI MR. ZAMEER MOHAMMAD MR. AHMAD WAQAR MR.M. TAHSIN KHAN Auditors Taseer Hadi Khalid & Co. Charted Accountants A. F. Ferguson Charted Accountants Branches 1056 Domestic, 15 Overseas Branches Joint Venture with NBP United National Bank Limited, U.K Representative Offices Internship Report on UBL

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Tehran and Cairo Subsidiary United Bank AG Zurich, Switzerland Associated Company

Oman United Exchange Company, Muscat Offshore Banking Unit

Export Processing Zone, EPZ Branch, Karachi, Pakistan Employees 8,998

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Organizational Structure:

BOD

Presi dent

Country Head

President Secretariat

Operation Head

Marketing Strategy:
The key to(RHQ) marketing strategy is to focusDIVISION on almost all the sectors of the (RHQ) community. UNITED BANK LTD provides convenience to its esteemed customers through. Online banking
AM Web banking (HUB)
Audit Inspecti on

R.C. E.

ROH

Finan ce

Marke ting

Treasury

HRD

Operat ions

Islamic

Banking div.

AOM (HUB)

24-hours ATM network High caliber staff

Manager (Spoke Branch)

Easy terms and conditions Convenience of 9-5 Non-Stop Full Service Banking

BOM (SPOKE BRANCH)

Its strategy is to carry on maximum share of the market through standard services by bringing consistency in above mentioned services.

Marketing Objectives:
Maintain positive strong growth Internship Report on UBL

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Achieve a steady increase by market penetration To reduce the administrative and marketing cost

Financial Objectives:
UNITED BANK LTD every time sets its targets in terms of receiving deposits and advancing loans. These targets are set by the experienced officials and board of directors in every annual general meeting.

Target Market:
Its target market is whole Pakistani community and business professional in Pakistan. Whether, it also focuses overseas Pakistani by opening branches outside Pakistan. Pakistani sends their earning to their loved ones through these branches. These branches also increase Pakistans reserves by such remittances.

Positioning:
UNITED BANK LTD position itself as a world class bank where you come first .This positioning will be achieved by leveraging UNITED BANK LTD competitive advantage; innovator and passion to produce high quality, cost effective product. Its management is able to use its new ideas to sustain long run growth and changing market strategies according to the market situation.

Marketing mix:
Marketing mix is a set of tools that is used to pursue the marketing objectives. These tools are known as 4 Ps: price, place, promotion, and product.

Pricing:
Price is one of the revenue generating elements of the traditional marketing mix and price premiums are one of the most important equity benefits of creating brand awareness and strong, favorable and unique brand associations. To set the price consumer perception and value of the product should be kept in mind. So UNITED BANK LTD is currently using the price penetration strategy. As in the banking sectors due to entry of many foreign banks, the market is quiet saturated. For this purpose UNITED BANK LTD uses the price penetration strategy in which it Internship Report on UBL

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involves in setting the low price of its services to capture the market share and to gain competitive advantage.

Placement:
The manner by which a product is sold or distributed can have a profound impact on the resulting equity and ultimate sales success of a brand. So the marketing channels are defined as "sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption." Channel strategy involves the how many channels are used for the distribution of product. UNITED BANK LTD have second largest branch network in Pakistan. These branches are located at convenient locations. It also have very large ATM network. By viewing twenty first centurys challenges, UNITED BANK LTD also uses Online banking Web banking 9-5 non-stop banking 24-hours ATM network

Promotions:
a) TV Channels UNITED BANK LTD advertises its products and services on the famous news channels of the country at peak and off peak times. Concepts in its advertisements are also brilliant which restore its potential customers. b) Print media UNITED BANK LTD advertises also its products and services on the famous news papers of the country at main pages and the pages which are studied more by the customers. c) Marketing over the web UNITED BANK LTD uses Adsense (a Google subsidiary) to advertise its products on the web. It also advertises its products on the favorite web sites in Pakistan. Like Internship Report on UBL

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http://www.yahoo.com/ http://www.hotmail.com/ http://www.cricinfo.com/ http://www.kse.org.pk/ d) Bill Boards UNITED BANK LTD also uses favorite places to advertise its products throughout Pakistan

Products: a) UNITED BANK LTD Wallet

UNITED BANK LTD Wallet ATM / Debit Card is all the convenience & security you desire and the quality you deserve. This Wallet holds all the cash in your bank account. With UNITED BANK LTD Wallet you can withdraw cash at ATMs any time, or make cashless purchases at outlets through the debit card facility. With no joining fee and an accompanying complimentary cardholder for your convenience, UNITED BANK LTD Wallet has been designed to exhibit the best in features and facilities, as well as look & feel. Because at UNITED BANK LTD, you come first UNITED BANK LTDs dedicated staff is at your service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can call our contact centre at 0800-11-825 (Toll-Free), or you can simply pick up the telephone placed next to every UNITED BANK LTD ATM and be instantly connected to our customer service representative via a hotline.

b) Online Banking
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With UNITED BANK LTDs state of the art online banking, you can access your account from more than 350 branches located in 71 cities across Pakistan. Your account gets to travel with you and can be accessed throughout Pakistan; Now UNITED BANK LTD enables you to do all the following transactions in minutes through designated features of online banking are: Cash Deposit Cheques Encashment Stop Payment Account Statement Funds Transfer (Account to account / IBCA)
online branches.

Salient

c) UNITED BANK LTD Credit Card

Pakistans 1st Chip Credit Card that guarantees you both enjoyment and high value. It assures you global acceptability in more than 22 million establishments worldwide in 130 countries and in more than 12, 000 outlets within Pakistan The UNITED BANK LTD Credit Card ..Mazy Mien Raho. This unique high tech chip guarantees your security while conducting transactions within Pakistan and around the world. chip based credit cards have proven to be the most secure way of conducting credit card transactions globally Visit selected UNITED BANK LTD chip reward outlets and get exciting gifts on the spot. the more you visit, the more you get All you do is dip the chip to win free meals, free household goods, free electronic items, free clothes and a lot more

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 A choice of rewards along with exciting chip rewards you have a choice between free road miles and free talk time Spend Rs 5000 anywhere on your UNITED BANK LTD you get more. So keep driving, keep smiling. credit card and get

guaranteed 3 liters petrol free from any PSO outlets nationwide. If you spend more,

Spend Rs 5000 anywhere on your UNITED BANK LTD Credit Card and get guaranteed 30 minutes free. Whats more, you get a free Mobilink Postpaid Connection with your UNITED BANK LTD Credit Card. If you spend more, you get more minutes. So talk freely, stay connected.

d) UNITED BANK LTD Business Partner

UNITED BANK LTD business partner a complete solution to all your business financing needs, with UNITED BANK LTD business financing facility, you can now take your business to greater and newer heights, and achieve the level of success that you truly deserve. UNITED BANK LTD business partner is a running finance facility that not only provides funds for growth but also enables you to capitalize on profitable opportunities. With UNITED BANK LTD Manzill'. What is Business partner? It is a Credit Line Facility against Residential Property. It is an evergreen credit line that the customer can use for his/her business expansion Internship Report on UBL business partner, now you will surely say: "Ab Hui Kamiyaabi Meri

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e) TezRaftaar

Free doorstep remittances within the country or from abroad, UNITED BANK LTD offers the most efficient and price competitive service. With our large network of branches, we are poised to offer you service almost at your door step. UNITED BANK LTD 's new remittance service, TezRaftaar offers all overseas Pakistanis the fastest and the most convenient delivery of their money to their beneficiaries in Pakistan. Best of all, TezRaftaar is completely cost free and is available at all UNITED BANK LTD branches along the Bank's Network in the Middle East, UK and US

f) UNITED BANK LTD Orion

Orion revolutionizes the way you spend money! For the first time in Pakistan you can
prepaid cards, pay bills

buy

send flowers

and

share real money

with an SMS on any GSM network,

anywhere, anytime instantly.

g) UNITED BANK LTD WIZ

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UNITED BANK LTD Wiz is Pakistans first ever Prepaid VISA Debit Card that provides the convenience, security and benefits of an ATM and Debit Card, locally and internationally. More than just an ATM card, you can use your UNITED BANK LTD Wiz everywhere VISA cards are accepted. Whether you are using it online, paying for petrol, shopping or dining, you are accessing money directly from your prepaid card, without having to visit the bank.

Departments:
Account department Deposit department Advances department Remittances department Clearing department Human resource department Bills department Lockers department

Introduction of the department in which I have worked more: Credit Departments:

Advances department of a bank provides many facilities to various individuals and businessmen against charging the interest from them. It is the usual practice of the back level it examines the perusal characteristics of the borrower and the reputation and scope of the business; he is doing or going to start. However, there are there ways normally used to seem the account.
1. Pledge.

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2. 3.

Mortgage. Hypothecation.

1.

Pledge.

Pledge is a contract between the borrower and the back whereby the goods are transferred into the banker's possession while the ownership remains in the possession of the borrower. This possession remains with the bank until the payment of loan is dully made. In case of default, the back can sale the goods after giving the notice.

2.

Mortgage.

Mortgage is a contract whereby the interest in any specified immovable property is transferred to the banker in order to give the security for the payment of debts.

3.

Hypothecation.

Hypothecation is a term where goods are charged for the purpose of security. But the possession and ownership remains with the owner of the goods.

CATEGORIES OF ADVANCES
The bank can make the advances in the following three ways. 1. 2. 3. Overdraft Loan Cash Credit

1.

Overdraft.

Under such arrangement the customer is allowed to withdraw the amount excessive from his balance. But the limit of amount is sanctioned by the manager and given for a fixed period.

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2.

Loan.

When the banks make the advances in a lump sum, to be repaid in lump sum or in forms of installments with interest at any future date, is known as loan. These loans may be of short and long term.

3.

Cash Credit.

These advances are made against the security of the goods which may be made like in the form pledge or hypothecation. The bank credits the borrower's account with the amount making as loan. The amount can not be withdrawn in lump sum. While interest is paid on the amount withdrawn from the bank.

TYPES OF LOANS
The Bank provides the facility of two types of financing. 1. 2. Funds based Financing Non Funds based Financing

1.

RUNNING FINANCE.

Purpose. Running Finance is short-term loan usually given for the working capital management. The running finance is suitable for meeting day to day financial needs of the Business. The running finance account can be operated and daily sale proceeds can be deposited into the account. Security. The Bank requires following types of securities in running finance. Primary Security.

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The primary security requires by the Bank is stock. Bank hypothecates a specific amount of stock, that is, stock remains in the custody of borrower, but the lien is of Bank. The borrower is responsible for keeping and managing the stock well and providing the regular stock reports to the Bank. The Bank advances a certain percentage of the value of the hypothecated stock as loan after keeping some margin. Period. Running finance is usually given for a period of one or less than one year.

Repayment Schedule. The borrower has to repay the loan on the daily sail proceeds of stock. It is necessary for the borrower to adjust the account on the date of expiry of loan period. However, Bank may give a period of one month after the maturity of loaning period, so that the borrower may repay the loan during this period. This period is called Date of Final Adjustment.

2.

CASH FINANCE.

Introduction. Cash finance is the account of the Bank. It is like the current account. In this account a certain amount of cash is available for the borrowers at all the times. A limit is first sanctioned to the borrower and then, on his needs, the amount is transfer from cash finance account to the borrowers current account from where he can withdraw the money. This transfer of cash from the Banks cash finance account to the borrowers current account is just the paper transaction and the borrower takes the finance in no time. The borrower can take finance unto his limit sanctioned by Banks authorities. However, the Bank cannot keep the cash finance account greater than 30% of its equity. Purpose. Cash finance is normally giver for seasonal needs e.g. in Cotton season, Rice season etc. But in some cases it can be given for regular needs. Internship Report on UBL

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Security. Following securities are required by the Bank.

Primary Security.

The primary security required by the Bank is stocks. But unlike running finance, in which the stock is hypothecated, here the stock is pledged by the Bank. The stock pledged is kept with the Bank at the cost of the borrower. Usually the stocks are kept at the warehouses of the Borrower Company, but certain representative of Bank as Inspector is always there to keep a check on the stock. The Bank advances certain percentage of the pledge stock after keeping some margin. Period. The maximum period for cash finance is one year. Repayment Schedule. Repayment of the loan is made after the completion of loaning period, along with the markup.

3.

DEMAND FINANCE.

Purpose. Demand finance is usually given for the financing of new Projects. For example, if a person wants to open the Floor mill or textile mill, he can get the demand finance from the Bank. Mode Of Finance. Demand finance is given in installments to the borrower. First installment is given to purchase the land, then second installment is given for the construction of building and finally the remaining amount is paid to the supplier to install the Machinery. Security.
The Bank requires the following types of securities.

Primary Security. No primary security is required as the finance is given for the new projects and the Borrower Company has no existing stocks with it. Internship Report on UBL

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Period. Demand finance is usually given for the long-term period e.g. for two years, five years or even up to fifteen years. Repayment Schedule. The repayment of loan is made in installments. A grace period of one year is given, after the maturity of loaning period. But this grace period can be extended to two years. The installments may be quarterly, semi annually or annually. The markup is also included in these installments.

IMPORTANT FEATURE. Demand finance is given on the basis of debt equity ratio which 40-60. It is standard ratio. It means that a borrower can finance 60 percent of its project cost through demand finance scheme. But the remaining 40 percent should be financed himself.

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Learning as a Student Intern

Duties
I joined the UNITED BANK LTD RCAD Multan Cantt branch as an internee and I performed various responsibilities there, whose detail information I provided to my internship supervisor in the shape of weekly report. Internship Report on UBL

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On the first day of my internship I was introduced by the other office members. Branch head Mr. Irfan Ahmed was very polite Next day was introduced by the RCAD branch in which i done the internship. RCAD is basically( regional credit administrative division) in this department or branch basically the scrutiny of credit documents happens credit application are checked , moved forward after approval of the credit the customers are informed about the approvals, further proper documentation is maintained in that branch . In the second day of my internship I was introduced by the various document like Approval convex memo NIFC (non interest cash finance) Simplified credit application form Next I was briefed with details about very important document of UNITED BANK LTD which is SCA, different terminologies in the SCA form like risk rating criteria, how the customers are graded, waivers, Deferrals SBP prudential regulations, Customer banker relationship, Ancillary Business. Markup terms and conditions and others were discussed. Next day was told about the term and conditions of providing credits. UNITED BANK LTD provide credit taking support securities which are o Hypothecation o Mortgage o Pledge I was told what is difference in the above three how these are implemented in the credit decisions. Next day was introduced with there other important documents which were DAC (disbursement authorization certificate) COD (certificate of deposits) Facility appendices. In the last day of this was given the a case study of customer in which he has applied for the credit, all documents in the case study were there like BBFS Internship Report on UBL

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CIB CALL REPORT AND VISIT REPORT FINANCIAL MARKET SME REPORT VALUATION REPORT INSURANCE REPORT STOCK INSPECTION REPORT

After the first week of my internship I started to get familiar with the working in the RCAD branch, although there are many things which we still to learn. At least I have an idea what basically credit is for different banks. So in the first day of second week I was given another approval convex memo. This time the memo was a case study of agriculture loan. The agriculture approval memo consists of different documents which are Credit proposal specifically called process management sheet. Second was agriculture loan application package. In this package detailed information about the customer is there like from which branch he has applied, his personal information, detailed income from various sources, relationship with bank, details of agri-loan. I was told about various terms and conditions different provisions of agreement were briefed to me. Next day was told about different communications to different parties, these was letters addressed to district manager and others concerned parties. I was told when these letters are required, how this letter should be written, In the given case study, a letter was there which was written by Relationship manager to the district manager for temporary release of pass book. Next day I was told about next part of approval memo which was about the proof of ownership of the asset which was taken as support securities by the bank. These were ownership transfer letter and registration document of these assets taken as securities. In the fourth day of this week I was told about a very important document of credit administration which is DAC which is disbursement authorization certificate. DAC is so important for the credit organizations so that they maintain their registers as well as they maintain it in excel sheet.

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In the DAC register there is detailed record of all credit relating things like date of document received, hub name, branch name, name of borrower, segment of business, type of facility, amount, dac issued date, DAC number, document saved in, remarks. In last two working days of week my focus was on a very important document of credit administration, which is safe in safe out register, we learnt that the objective of this register is to maintain the record of permanent release of credit documentation, credit documents are whole and soul for any credit organization because these documents are proof of credit lendings. This register tells where the documents are secured when were released when were received, details of this register are, The register is classified into two part first is safe in and second is safe out, Safe in have three column which are account name particulars of document, custodian initials. Similarly safe out column have three parts as well which are, date, purpose of release of document, custodian initial and a separate column of recipient.

Third week
In the third week of my internship, my focus was on the preparation of CAD periodicals, and the format of these periodicals. How these periodicals are prepared. When we asked about my documentation officer Mr. Abdul Waheed he told us that form the last year to onwards, SBP has recommended the format of these periodicals, and instructed how these document should be prepared, what should be there format, SBP provided detailed formats of each and every document which has to be followed buy each credit department of every bank. For guiding me a detailed folder was given to me who contain all information about these report, format of these reports and specimen of reports were also there in the folder. First there was the different communication of SBP as well as the country head of CAD Mr.HAJI ABDUL HALEEM addressing to employees of CAD Multan including Mr.Irfan Ahmed head RCAD, Mr.Farhan Ali Qadri MIS officer about the revision of UNITED BANK LTD as well as the SBP policies about the credit periodicals. Second was the format of portfolio reports. Portfolio reports is a monthly report prepared by MIS officer, SBP has provided the format of the portfolio reports. Portfolio reports contain all the information about the credit, portfolio of RCAD, outstanding portfolio, concerned RM of credit, HUB name and branch names. In short portfolio reports represent the whole picture of credit for the complete month. Second most important report is the report of structured and reschedule loan, restructure or reschedule mean the renewal of credit loans. The instruction which were strictly mentioned by the SBP were Figure should be mentioned in millions Used of * is prohibited by SBP and asked to highlight the information separately Other thing were almost same like the name of borrower, industry its location, details of restructuring and amounts of outstanding.

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Third were instructions about the credits disbursement to small and medium scale business. Basis of classification of the sector was also there.

4th Week
I was assigned week long assignment of almost four hundred accounts. Work assigned over these accounts was as following First to check whether account is individual, sole proprietorship, partnership or limited companies (both private and public) Company status is checked from templates already updated Individuals and sole proprietorships are then tagged with 6160777 Partnerships and limited companies (both private and public) are tagged with sate bank provided group subgroup codes After tagging, information regarding customer is inputted in the CARS (software) Then blue form is taken from reporting, an option is given in the CARS. Blue form is then saved for record I checked almost 75 accounts. Whose information was provided to me, their blue forms were generated.

5th Week Internship Report

Today I am told about L.C (Letter of Credit), its essential elements, procedure of opening and banks role in dealing with parties. I checked different types of L.C in CA Package Today I was told about facility exposures. These are of basically two types o Fund-based Internship Report on UBL

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o Non fund-based First, the processing officer told me about above mentioned things and then gave me task to check the things that Relationship officer misinterpreted in the exposures. I checked CAS (Credit application Forms), whether securities mentioned in the CAs were correct. There was only single one showing confliction.

It was told about account tagging. In UNITED BANK LTD individual and sole proprietorship account is tagged with 6160777. While codes. Templates were provided to me from whom I could check whether the account falls under individual or private limited option. After confirming from templates account is tagged under their respective heads. RM (Relationship Managers) when record information of customers, they tag the account of the customers as aged with tetra eight Tagged without tetra eight Wrongly tagged Individual Final tagged partnership, public and private limited accounts are tagged with State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) provided group and subgroup

RM (Relationship Managers) dont know exact account number so they tag them by above mentioned ways. The above mentioned accounts information are as following

6th Week Report

This was my second week to work with processing officer. Last week, I was briefed CA (Credit Application Package) types and kind of facilities provided against different kind of securities. Today I was briefed Prudential Regulations. These are the regulations provided by Internship Report on UBL

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State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). Process officer review the whole CA under the light of these prudential regulations and UNITED BANK LTD S credit policies. A credit Application package consists of the following documents: Credit Approval (CA) Obligor Risk Rating Form Basic Information Report Management Assessment Form Financial Spreads Financial Projections (For Term Financing) Credit Memorandum CIB checking Bank/Market checking Today, I was told other essential documents which were a part of CA Package. These documents are as following Financial Spread Credit Memorandum Financial Projections I reviewed different CAs regarding above mentioned things. I was introduced with CREAS (credit risk environments administration and management system). In CREAMS whole detail of customers exposure and its type is entered. I was told its working day by day. I also entered many entries.

How Experience impacted My Career

Besides all the working I did in United Bank Limited, I experienced how the practical life is different from the routine studies. I hope this practical experience will be helpful in my studies and also do a help in my future job.

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My work at UNITED BANK LTD also taught me how to work with young and old employees. It also provided me an opportunity to learn that how theoretical knowledge is converted into practical knowledge.

Financial Analysis:
Financial Results
Calculation of different Types of Ratios Ratio Type Profitability ratios Net profit after tax Gross spread Ratio Income Expense ratio Return on Equity ratio (ROE) Return on Asset ratio (ROA) Loan/deposit ratio Activity ratios Total asset turnover Fixed Asset Turnover Market Ratio Earning per share (EPS) EAT/TOS 8.23 10.38 Rs. 14.72 NS/T.A T.A/F.A 8.63 2.89 7.7 31.34 7.71 68.51 EAT/IE NMI/GMI T.I/O.I EAT/TSE EAT/T.A Loan/Deposits 16% 53.84% -----18.99% 1.3% 76.75% 20.47% 58.73% 1.90 24.71% 1.58% 74.53% =28.16% 63.93% 2.45 32.95% 2.17% 73.80% Formula 2008 2007 2006

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Book Value per share Revaluation per share Dividend yield Liquidity Ratios Debt-to-Equity ratio

TSE/TOS SOR/TOS DPS/MPS

Rs. 41.73 Rs.1.62 ----------

Rs. 42.0 Rs. 10.4 4.91%

Rs. 44.38 Rs. 4.12 2.95%

T.D/TSE

104.67%

174%

135%

Financial Ratios
Three Years Progress Profitability Ratio Net Profit Margin After Tax Gross Spread Ratio Income Expense Ratio Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) Return on Asset (ROA) Loan/Deposit Ratio Activity Ratio Total Asset Turnover Fixed Asset Turnover Market Ratios EPS After Tax Book Value Per Share Revaluation Per Share Financial Leverage Ratio Debt-T-equity Ratio 104.67% 174% 135% Rs.8.23 Rs. 41.73 Rs.1.62 Rs.10.38 Rs. 42.02 Rs. 10.39 Rs. 14.72 Rs. 44.38 Rs. 4.12 8.63% 2.89% 7.74% 31.34% 7.71% 68.51% 16% 53.84% ---18.89% 1.3% 76.75% 20.47% 58.73% 1.90% 24.71% 1.58% 74.53% 28.16% 63.93% 2.45% 32.95% 2.17% 73.80% 2008 2007 2006

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Graphical Representation of Ratio

PROFITABILITY RATIO
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2008 2007 2006 EAT GSR

RETUNS ON ASSETS AND EQUITIES

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2008 2007 2006 ROA ROE

LOAN DEPOSIT RATIO

77 76.5 76 75.5 75 74.5 74 73.5 73 72.5 72

LOAN DEPOSIT RATIO

2008

2007

2006

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Comments
The gross spread ratio tells the amount of interest earned with relation to amount of interest expensed. We know that a bank is a financial intermediary which takes loan from people at lower rate of interest and lend that money to other people, business at higher rate of interest and thereby earns profit. The GSR remains at, 63.93%, 58.73%, 53.84 in 2006, 07, and 08 respectively. Ratios show that the bank did not perform well in last three years and its profit after tax decreased as well as GSR reduced by 7.7% which indicates that a deposit was low as compared to advances from preceding years. The earning before tax and earning after tax increased in 2006 while EAT and EBT

decreased in 2007 and 2005 Since 2007 was a unfavorable year for all banks because of political and economic instability and strict monetary policy of SBP, even UNITED BANK LTD progress can be considered good. ROA is increasing over the years . The higher value of return on common equity shows the higher return earned on the common stockholders investment in the firm. It is higher over the years but lower in 2008 due to economic instability.

Activity Ratio Total Asset Turn Over

8.8 8.6 8.4 8.2 8 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 2008 2007 2006 Total Asset Turnover

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Fixed Asset Turnover

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2008 2007 2006 fixed asset Turnover

Comments
Activity ratios show that how efficiently organization is using its resources. United Bank Limited after facing the shock of Nationalization has shaped its financial base well after being privatized. Total asset turn over ratio and fixed asset turnover ratio tells us that how efficiently firm is using its assets. In this sense Total asset turnover has increased sizably from 2006 which shows that the firm is utilizing its assets well in order to generate sales. However the fixed asset turnover shows the other side of the picture. It indicates a decrease in the fixed assets turn over. It means that UNITED BANK LTD is generating more sales from its total assets as they are generating from 2007, or may the value of assets as a total increases, so it is good symptom.

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Market Ratio
EPS Ratio
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 EPS

2008

2007

2006

Book Value Ratio

44.5 44 43.5 43 42.5 42 41.5 41 40.5 40 2008 2007 2006

Book value Ratio

Comments
The firms earning per share has increased at a marginal rate in 2006,07 but lower in 2008. It was just 9.39 in 2005 but increased to 14.72 in 2006. This shows a heavy return to shareholders which has not only increased the repute of the bank but also the share price of UNITED BANK LTD . But lowered down to 10.38 in 2007. The firms Market/ Book ratio has increased over the year 2005-2006. This implies that investors are optimistic about the firms future performance. Lower EPS in 2007 is only due to economic instability. Internship Report on UBL

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The bank paid a continuous high dividend in 2006, 07 and 08.

Debt to Equity Ratio

180% 160% 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

Debt-Equity Ratio

2008

2007

2006

Comments
The debt-to-equity ratio tells how much the firm assets are financed by its debts in relation to equity. While total debt ratio shows the total debt which is backed by assets. UNITED BANK LTD has improved a lot in its equity ratio, in 2005 about 115% of the firm assets were financed by debt. However in latter years bank has performed very well. The firm total debt ratio shows the percentage of assets financed by creditors. The debt-to-equity ratio shows a very high improvement. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk to creditors and sound the financial position of the bank. In summary, the firm appears to be growing and has undergone an expansion in the assets, financed through the use of debt. United bank limited sales increases but net profit remains steady due to the payment of large amount of tax of the pervious year. Return on assets and Return on common equity shows good performance of the company and the increased value of Price/Earning ratio and Market/Book ratio has shown the confidence of the investors in the future performance of the firm. In short, the firm seems to have done well in 2008. Only last quarter went bad due to political instability.

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SWOT Analysis:
SRENGTHS:
UNITED BANK LTD is having a solid track record of 43 years. Non stopping banking 300ATMs UNITED BANK LTD is having 1056 branches national branches. UNITED BANK LTD has 15 overseas branches. Assets of UNITED BANK LTD are of over 190 billion. UNITED BANK LTD Uni Saver Account is an innovative way of serving your banking needs. Be it trade, business or personal finance, the UNITED BANK LTD Uni Saver allows you maximum flexibility, yet gives you optimum returns. Customer can have his UNITED BANK LTD account Cheques encashed by either self or a third party at any of UNITED BANK LTDs designated branches in Pakistan. UNITED BANK LTD has introduced innovative products and services to provide its customers a variety of banking and financing services. UNITED BANK LTD Rupee Travelers Cheques are the most secure and convenient way to carry cash and travel. UNITED BANK LTD is increasing resource mobilization through regular deposit campaigns and accelerating the process of recovery of outstanding advances. All branches of UNITED BANK LTD are now equipped with a special Hajj counter, and offered a scheme of loan up to 25000 free of interest.

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 UNITED BANK LTDs TezRaftaar offers all overseas Pakistanis the fastest and the most convenient delivery of their money. TezRaftaar is completely cost free and is available at all UNITED BANK LTD branches. UNITED BANK LTD is adopting IT vision to create a central database linked to all the hubs which allow the customers to maintain one account with the bank and operate it from anywhere in the country. UNITED BANK LTD & The Post Office have also agreed to work towards incorporating Post Bank as a Joint Venture Company UNITED BANK LTD & the Post Office have entered into an agreement to setup UNITED BANK LTD counters throughout the country. UNITED BANK LTD provides its customers a complete range of banking products and services. Most of branches are online rather then other banks. UNITED BANK LTD provided the facilities of visa card

WEAKNESSES:
Weaknesses are the internal attributes of the bank to decrease in comparison with competing bank. The shortage of staff in the branches is the major weakness of the bank. Most of the loans have been converted in to bad debts. Efficient service is not being provided to their customers. No concept of right person for right job. Forced branching in un-banked rural areas. Disco-ordination & high politics is observed among employees behaviors.

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 Promotional criterias are not just & its pace is also too slow which de-motivates employees. Promotions are usually given on the basis of favoritism, rather than on the merit. Salaries of the employees are considerably less as compared to other private banks, so they are dissatisfied with their work. Employees are reluctant to learn about new technologies, also to get trained. Banks stationery is being misused, & wasted, which increases its costs. All the branches are not computerized so delays in collecting & recording their data occur. ATM usually doesnt work properly, and customers complaints against it are treated in an unfriendly way.

OPPURUNIIES:
An opportunity is any chance to follow a new or revised strategy or business, which would be of benefit to the UNITED BANK LTD . It is also great opportunity for UNITED BANK LTD if it provides the online facilities and innovative product. Government of UAE has declared a free industrial estate which is having its own free port as jabl-e-ali, own which no tariffs are to be imposed. So United Bank Limited can invest in this area by opening its branches there. By giving more importance to small business UNITED BANK LTD can increase their operation. As banks know the deposit and credit products very well. That gives banks an advantage in creating relationships with small business customers. Every small business needs a checking account, and may need credit. Usually, if they are growing, they will come to the bank for credit. Commercial bankers can become the single source of financial services for small businesses, but to do so they must invest in IT that is designed to provide products and services to small businesses. They should look at their branches and the Web-based Internship Report on UBL

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delivery channels and determine what the appropriate technology is for their small business clients. UNITED BANK LTD as a third largest bank of Pakistan can do well. UNITED BANK LTD, have branches in Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, United Kingdom and United States
of America.

where the other competitors do not, it will the great opportunity for the bank if

it offer the services on line and with new techniques through these branches it will be able to get advantages over other competitors. UNITED BANK LTD has a very large net work of branches all over the country. Unfortunately, these braches are not fully equipped with modern instrument, while other banks offering modern services, if management launches innovative products in these areas, bank will able to get the edge in these areas over other banks.

THREATS:
Threats are reasonably probable and more or less sudden events, which can seriously hamper the UNITED BANK LTD ability to serve its customers. No stable government in Pakistan, Government policies change with the change of government. The political influence affects the performance of bank very badly. Most of the loans become bad debts due to political pressure. According to the World Bank report, the Pakistan has become an over banked economy with the cut throat competition for deposits in the industry the battle is on for the market shares. The customers have emerged as the main beneficiaries of the competition. Now they are getting more personalized services and innovative product. Along with the growth in size, the banks are now incorporating innovative approaches to their traditional commercial banking operations, keeping in view the changing demand of time, and emphasizing more on personalized service, electronic funds transfer, sophisticated financial products such as electronic banking, auto-teller machines and evening banking. UNITED BANK LTD face problem. Freezing of foreign currency account by the government of Pakistan is also a fear for the bank. Internship Report on UBL

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 Expansion of newly established banks like ASKARI commercial bank, union bank etc. And their better performances may cause loss of the market shares of the UNITED BANK LTD .

Recommendations & Conclusion:

The following are the suggestions that I have recommend for the united bank limited. The bank must have to apply the marketing strategies to attract the customers which are depositors, like other banks are doing such as City Bank and in the Pakistan banks now a days they are introducing new schemes like Crore Patti Scheme by Habib Bank and Prizes on travelers Cheques by M.C.B. Try to establish effective communication between top-level management and executive. Also do marketing through internet Dominating influences of politicians and bureaucrats have been mainly responsible for the deterioration that has crept in the banking industry Effective training and qualified, dutiful and vigilant inspection teams are inducted per force in all the banks. This branch is not doing many functions to open the L/C and to deal in export and import facilities. So bank should hire export staff for such type of activities and start them in the branch. The behavior with the customers should be improved. There is a great need of proper training of employees. Because when ever they were asked about the latest banking the answer was sorry we dont know. Internship Report on UBL

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 Like the other reputed commercial banks UNITED BANK LTD should recruited some officers especially from the fresh MBAs and M.Com students. Doing so, the more talented persons would enter in the management and they will try to make the United Bank compatible with the other banks.

References
a. UNITED BANK LTD Annual Report 2006-2007 (n.d) Retrieved August 20, 2008, from https://www.ubl.com.pk/aboutus/financial_report/report_2007/ b. UNITED BANK LTD Annual Report 2005-2006 (n.d) Retrieved August 20, 2008, from
https://www.ubl.com.pk/aboutus/financial_report/report_2006/

c. The Heretical Press. (n.d) Retrieved August 8, 2008, from

http://www.heretical.com/miscellx/usury.html

d. History of Banking. (n.d) Retrieved August 8, 2008, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking

e. JCR VIS Credit Rating. (30-06-08) Retrieved August15, 2008, from

https://www.ubl.com.pk/aboutus/credit_rating/

f. Introduction to Company. (n.d) Retrieved August15, 2008, from

http://www.privatisation.gov.pk/Finance/ubl/UBL.asp?q=intr-ubl

g. UNITED BANK LTD Manual: guide to UNITED BANK LTD , 20-08-08 h. Philip Kotler & Kevin Lane Keller; Marketing Management; SWOT Analysis Grid; [Retrieved information on 15-08-08] i. UNITED BANK LTD products and Services. (30-06-08) Retrieved August 15, 2008, j. k. from

http://www.ubl.com.pk/consumer

CREAMS Manual of UNITED BANK LTD 2004 Internship Report on UBL

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l.

CARS Manual of UNITED BANK LTD (2004)

m. dagda.shef.ac.uk/study/citation.html n. library.sullivan.edu/CSS/cssapa.htm

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