Perspectives on Substance Related Disorders (Ch 10) Schemas How do you know if someone has depression or abusing alcohol?

? How do you know if youre manic or cocaine abuse? You have to have the substance there Is it depress drinking; are they drinking because they are depress? Are they manic because of the cocaine? Intoxication was fun and pleasurable positive reinforcement Forget problems; escape from problems negative reinforcement Substance related disorder one of a range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave. These are extremely costly in human and financial terms Impulse control disorder disorder in which a person acts on a irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse Polysubstance use Use of multiple mind-and behavior-altering substances, such as drugs ( just the use of a drug) Psychoactive substance substance, such as a drug, that alters mood or behavior Substance intoxication physiological reaction, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood change, resulting from the ingestion of a psychoactive substance (having or experiencing all the side/direct effects from the substance) DSM Substance Intoxication Development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion of (or exposure to) a substance Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes, such as belligerence, cognitive impairment, and impaired functioning, that develops during or shortly after use of the substance Substance Abuse pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations (significant distress or impairment in someones life) (Alcohol Abuse when it effects your life negatively, if they drinking 200 beer and did nothing wrong, probably can argue that its not abuse for them. ) DSM Substance Abuse

Substance abuse involves a maladaptive patter of substance use, although not outright dependence, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one or more of the following during a 1-year period Recurrent substance use causing a failure to fulfill work, school, or family obligations Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (driving) Recurrent legal problems related to substance use Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or made worse by use of the substance Substance dependence maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by the need for increased amounts to achieve the desired effect, negative physical effects when the substance is withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and substantial effort expended to seek it or recover from its effects, also know as addiction (maladaptive pattern) DSM Substance Dependence Substance dependence involves a maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as evidenced by three or more of the following during a 1-year period Increased tolerance for the substance, as evidenced either by a need for larger amounts to achieve the same effect or by a diminished effect use the same amount Withdrawal symptoms or continued use of the substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms Substance is frequently taken in larger amounts or for a longer time than was intended Persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to control use of the substance Obtaining or using the substance, or recovering from its effets, takes up a good deal of time Significant social, work-related, or recreational activities are reduced or voided because of substance use Substance use continues despite knowledge that it is causing physiological or psychological problems Tolerance need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount (you want more and more coffee to get the same effect)

Withdrawal severely negative physiological reaction to removal of a psychoactive substance, which can be alleviated by the same, or a similar substance (coffee and you dont drink it then you get headaches) Withdrawal delirium - frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol, also known as delirium tremens (DT) (cant think straight)

DSM Alcohol Intoxication Significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes because of alcohol ingestion Signs of one or more of the following, slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, attention or memory impairment, stupor or coma Types of Substances Depressants psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation; such substances include alcohol and the sedative, hypnotic (induce sleep), and anxiolytic (reduce anxiety) (Benzodiazepines side effects?) Stimulants psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness; such substances include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine (ridilan because they are running a lot and have them pay attention more) Opiates additive psychoactive substance such as heroin, opium, or morphine that causes temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain reduction) (stand there for hours?) Hallucinogens any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations (involves all 5 senses), paranoia, and altered sensory perception Causes Gabba increase neuro activityNeurotransmitters effects dopamines in the brain Dopamines causes excitement, and pleasure, and goal processing and award o This effects if you will do the drug again and if you like or dislike the drug Lower impacts them depressants Treatment of substance disorders 3 levels of types of medication (biological treatments)

Agonist substitution replacement of a drug on which a person is dependent with one that has a similar chemical makeup, an agonist. Used as treatment for substance dependence (fake heroin less powerful less harmful) Antagonist drug medication that blocks or counteracts the effects of a psychoactive drug Aversive treatment Positive punishment do something bad to them to make them stop doing whatever they are doing (alcohol make them vomit a lot) Behavior and Cognitive (understanding them) Psychological treatments Controlled drinking an extremely controversial treatment approach to alcohol dependence, in which severe abusers are taught to drink in moderation Component Treatment programs aimed at helping people with substance abuse and dependence problems have several components thought to boost the effectiveness of the treatment package Relapse prevention extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations Famous Treatment of Alcohol AA 1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol-that our lives had become unmanagable