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3. A study was made in the western part of the forest to evaluate the human stress on the plant community. Samplins were
carried out by using the quadrate of the size 100m by 100 m. Results of the samplings are given below:
Calculate the equitability (Evenness ) Index and comment upon the result indicating the human stress in the forest ecosystems.
ECOSYSTEM A
Plant Species Name
No./sq
km
pi=proportion
Shorea robusta
31
0.02748227
Terminalia bellirica
46
0.04078014
Terminalia chebula
28
0.0248227
Dillenia penagyna
73
0.06471631
0.00443262
Lagerstroemia sp.
30
0.02659574
Syzigium cumuni
0.00265957
Schleicheta dieorsa
22
0.01950355
Phyllanthus emblica
0.0035461
Mallottus phillipensis
Semecarpus
anacardium
17
0.01507092
72
0.06382979
Butea monosperma
54
0.04787234
Xeromphis spinosa
29
0.02570922
Dalbergia sissoo
310
0.2748227
Acacia catechu
192
0.17021277
Bombax ceiba
126
0.11170213
86
1128
0.07624113
1
Adina cordifolia
Toona ciliata
Total
log2pi=lnpi/ln2
5.185355042
4.615989396
-5.33219643
3.949726794
7.817623258
5.232660757
8.554588852
5.680119734
8.139551352
6.052088511
3.969626351
-4.38466385
5.281570357
1.863426947
2.554588852
3.162271429
3.713286598
0
pi*(log2pi)
0.1425053
0.1882407
0.1323595
0.2556118
0.0346526
0.1391665
0.0227516
0.1107825
0.0288637
0.0912106
0.2533804
0.2099041
0.1357851
-0.512112
0.4348236
0.3532324
0.2831052
0
Hmax=log2S
Hmax=4.087428
H= -(-2.916593)
"E" = 2.916593/4.087428
"E" = 0.713546
log2S=lnS/ln2
S=17 species
ln17 =
2.83321
ECOSYSTEM B
Plant Species Name
No./sq
km
pi=proportion
log2pi=lnpi/ln2
4.466978428
3.334528132
4.079955305
3.213221835
5.845490051
5.167418146
6.167418146
6.845490051
5.997493144
2.360063224
4.775100723
Shorea robusta
26
0.04521739
Terminalia bellirica
57
0.09913043
Terminalia chebula
34
0.05913043
Dillenia penagyna
62
0.10782609
Adina cordifolia
10
0.0173913
Lagerstroemia sp.
16
0.02782609
Syzigium cumuni
0.01391304
Schleicheta dieorsa
0.00869565
Phyllanthus emblica
0.01565217
Mallottus phillipensis
Semecarpus
anacardium
112
0.19478261
21
0.03652174
Butea monosperma
30
0.05217391
Xeromphis spinosa
56
0.0973913
Dalbergia sissoo
15
0.02608696
Acacia catechu
12
0.02086957
-5.26052755
5.582455645
Bombax ceiba
87
0.15130435
-2.72447465
Toona ciliata
15
0.02608696
-5.26052755
575
Total
-4.26052755
3.360063224
Hmax=log2S
Evenness Index
"E"=H/Hmax
log2S=lnS/ln2
Hmax=4.087428
S=17 species
H= -(-3.5917283)
-0.143789
0.0858076
ln17 = 2.83321
"E" = 3.5917283/4.087428
-0.059526
0.0938738
0.4596993
ln2=0.69314718
-0.174395
0.2222884
0.3272409
0.1372312
0.1165034
0.4122249
0.1372312
3.5917283
log2S=4.0874628
pi*(log2pi)
0.2019851
0.3305532
0.2412495
0.3464691
0.1016607
"E" = 0.8787
Hmax=4.0874628
ECOSYSTEM C
Plant Species Name
No./sq
km
pi=proportion
log2pi=lnpi/ln2
Shorea robusta
454
0.36261981
Terminalia bellirica
165
0.13178914
Terminalia chebula
204
0.1629393
Dillenia penagyna
24
0.01916933
Adina cordifolia
62
0.04952077
Lagerstroemia sp.
48
0.03833866
Syzigium cumuni
46
0.03674121
Schleicheta dieorsa
0.00239617
Phyllanthus emblica
25
0.01996805
Mallottus phillipensis
Semecarpus
anacardium
0.00479233
29
0.02316294
Butea monosperma
18
0.014377
Xeromphis spinosa
32
0.02555911
Dalbergia sissoo
78
0.06230032
Acacia catechu
17
0.01357827
Bombax ceiba
11
0.00878594
Toona ciliata
30
0.02396166
-1.46347036
2.923696633
2.617593505
5.705056346
4.335822537
4.705056346
4.766456891
8.705056346
5.646162657
7.705056346
5.432037852
6.120093845
5.290018847
4.004616628
6.202556006
6.830587228
5.383128251
1252
Total
pi*(log2pi)
0.5306833
0.3853115
0.4265088
0.1093621
0.2147133
0.1803855
0.1751254
0.0208588
0.1127429
0.0369252
-0.125822
0.0879886
0.1352081
0.2494889
Hmax=log2S
Evenness Index
"E"=H/Hmax
log2S=lnS/ln2
Hmax=4.087428
S=17 species
H= -(-3.0643462)
ln17 = 2.83321
"E" = 3.0643462/4.087428
ln2=0.69314718
"E" = 0.7497
log2S=4.0874628
Hmax=4.0874628
-0.08422
0.0600131
0.1289887
3.0643462
EVENNESS INDEX E
0.7136
0.8787
0.7497
The above table reveals that although Ecosystems A, B, C all contain the same number of species, viz 17, the relative abundance
of individuals of each species is different and this is clear in the varying value of the EVENNESS INDEX E. According to this
value Ecosystem B is the most diverse in term of evenness of species abundance since its value is closest to 1.0, the maximum
value for Evenness if every species are found in equal numbers. Following Ecosytem B, it is Ecosystem C and Ecosystem A.