AM+DG Alexander Louis G.

Bay 2-N/ 2-S Mendelian Genetics Gregor Johann Mendel noticed some patterns to the inheritance of traits from one set of pea plants to another. By analyzing the statistics he got, he discovered and formulated the 3 Laws of Inheritance: 1) Law of Dominance- In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will have only one dominant trait in the phenotype. (Hybrids always show the dominant trait in their phenotype.) Genotype Symbol TT Tt tt Genotype Vocabulary Homozygous DOMINANT (Pure Tall) Heterozygous (Hybrid) Homozygous RECESSIVE (Pure Short) Phenotype Tall Tall Short Biology Home Fun due on: January 15, 2013

Parent Pea Plants (P Generation) Genotypes: TT x tt Phenotypes: Tall x Short

Offspring (F1 Generation) Genotypes: 100% TT Phenotypes: 100% Tall

(Note***: Any time the parent organisms look different for a trait, and all their offspring resemble only one of the parents, its the Law of DOMINANCE. All of the offspring are Heterozygous for the trait, one parent is Homozygous Dominant, and the other is Homozygous Recessive.)

2) Law of Segregation- During the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then recombined at the process of fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring. Parent Pea Plants (Two Members of F1 Generation) Genotypes: Tt x Tt Phenotypes: Tall x Tall Offspring (F2 Generation) Genotypes: 25% TT, 50% Tt, 25% tt Phenotypes: 75% Tall, 25% Short

(Note***: Any time the parents have the same phenotype for a trait but some of their offspring look different with respect to that trait, the parents must be hybrid for that trait.)

3) Law of Independent Assortment- Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (and offspring) independently of one another. RG RRGG (Round and Green) RRGg (Round and Green) RrGG (Round and Green) RrGg (Round and Green) Rg RRGg (Round and Green) RRgg (Round and Yellow) RrGg (Round and Green) Rrgg (Round and Yellow) rG RrGG (Round and Green) RrGg (Round and Green) rrGG (Wrinkled and Green) rrGg (Wrinkled and Green) rg RrGg (Round and Green) Rrgg (Round and Yellow) rrGg (Wrinkled and Green) Rrgg (Wrinkled and Yellow)

RG

Rg rG

rg

R= Dominant Allele for Round Seeds r= Recessive Allele for Wrinkled Seeds G= Dominant Allele for Green Pods g= Recessive Allele for Yellow Pods Summary: Law Dominance Segregation Independent Assortment Parent Cross TT x tt (Tall x Short) Tt x Tt (Tall x Tall) RrGg x RrGg (Round and Green x Round and Green) Offspring 100% Tt (Tall) 75% Tall, 25% Short 9/16 Round Seeds and Green Pods 3/16 Round Seeds and Yellow Pods 3/16 Wrinkled Seeds and Green Pods 1/16 Wrinkled Seeds and Yellow Pods