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Notes Chapter 22 The Progressive Era (1876-1920) This era is called the Gilded Age - Gilded: coated with

a thin layer of gold - Implies falseness - Era filled with greed and political corruption - government of, by, and for the rich - Spoils system: practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs - AKA Patronage President James Garfield - 1881 enters White House - Wants to reform spoils system - Jobs should be based on merit (ability) - Did not give job to Charles Guiteau (Gee TOH) - Geuiteau assassinated Garfield - Causes huge reforms Reforms under Chester Alan Arthur - 1883 Passed the Pendleton Act - Created Civil Service Commission - Conducted exams to work for government - Based on merit Muckrakers expose corruption - Thomas Nast cartoonist - Jacob Riis photographer and writer - Ida Tarbell writer - Upton Sinclair writer * This all leads to the Progressive Era - Time of forward thinking - Acted for the good of the people Checks and balances - Primary voters can choose their partys candidate for an election - Recall voters can remove elected official - Referendum voters put a bill on the ballot, vote for it directly New Amendments 16th income tax based on how much you earn 17th direct election of senators * Reformers get into the White House Progressive Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

1901 President McKinley assassinated - VP Teddy Roosevelt takes office - Administration 1. Trustbuster went against big companies and broke up trusts 2. Square Deal promised an end to corruption 3. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) protected consumers. Companies must list all ingredients on labels. 4. Conservation government reserved 200,000 acres for national parks Roosevelt didnt want to run in 1908. Supported William Taft. Roosevelt was the strongest President since Lincoln. Taft was a poor President. 1912 Woodrow Wilson wins election - Administration 1. New Freedom continued to break up trusts 2. Federal Reserves Act government can raise/lower interest rates. Control the economy. 3. Federal Trade Commission government able to investigate businesses for fraud. Europe erupts into The Great War in 1914. Women Win Reforms: 1. Temperance Movement: 1917 - Wanted to ban the sale of alcohol - Reasons: a) ingredients should be used for soldiers oversees b) consumption led to violence c) economic hardship (waste of much needed $$) - 1917 US government passed the 18th Amendment, banning the sale of alcohol 2. National Woman Suffrage Association: 1919 - goal was to pass an Amendment giving women the right to vote (called suffrage) - 4 western states allow women voters - Idaho - Utah - Colorado - Wyoming We will stay out of the union for 100 years, but we will come in with our women - What tactics did women use to win the right to vote? - strikes - picketing at the White House - arrests - hunger strikes (force fed by prison guards through tubes) - Public outcry at treatment - 1919 President Wilson passes the 19th Amendment

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