Microwave YIG

the complete microwave solution
YIG
History
Product Introduction
Ferretec was incorporated in the State of California in October 1981. Since its first shipments in early 1983, Ferretec YIG products, part of Teledyne Family serves the microwave community with state-ofthe-art tunable YIG filters, oscillators, harmonic generators, and subsystems. In January 2004, Ferretec YIG Product line was acquired by Teledyne Technologies and became part of Teledyne Microwave. In March 2004 Ferretec moved to the newly renovated 100,000 square-foot facility in Mountain View, California. The facility layout was designed to optimize manufacturing flow and to allow for future capacity and new product development. An automated microwave integrated circuit laboratory containing special environmental controls and chip handling equipment produces MIC circuits for the Ferretec YIG-tuned oscillator product line.
Customized test stations and detailed test procedures have been developed to test microwave components as well as driver and control circuits for standard and special design assemblies.
A major goal of Teledyne YIG Products is to reduce manufacturing labor input while maintaining stringent quality standards
Facilities
Customized test stations and detailed test procedures have been developed to test microwave components as well as driver and control circuits for standard and special design assemblies. Select-at-test resistors are specified by computer, and a custom test data sheet is generated that includes the complete Bill of Materials and the specific test parameters for the individual board. Microprocessor-controlled temperature test chambers are available for testing, burn-in and temperature cycling. Vibration equipment aids in stress-screening of both commercial and military products.
Philosophy
A major goal of Ferretec YIG Products is to reduce manufacturing labor input while maintaining stringent quality standards. Teledyne Microwave is certified to ISO9001 and ISO-14001. The first product line introduced by Ferretec Products was closed-loop YIG filters, which are trademarked Ferretrac This product, described in detail in this catalog, is based upon Ferretec patents. Customers include many key U.S. defense contractors such as BAE, LOCKHEEDSANDERS, ITT AVIONICS, RAYTHEON, NORTHROP GRUMAN, and many international defense contractors. This technology is also being used by a variety of U.S. Government facilities and internationalbased companies. In 1984, Ferretec was awarded a contract by ITT Avionics to develop an integrated closed-loop receiver front-end for an update of the ALQ172 EW equipment on the B-52. Ferretec has shipped over 1800 of these fully militarized subsystems which employ Ferretrac filter technology. Teledynes YIG Products supplies both closed- and open-loop YIG filters, YIG
OFOISR App 06-S-1942
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043 Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845 www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
Filters
The RF Circuit and electromagnet. The customer provides the necessary current drive to tune the filter. These filters include either bandpass or band-reject types.
Oscillators
Ultra low phase noise broadband Oscillators. Can be provide with and without driver.
All of Teledynes YIG products combine advanced technology and state-of-the-art performance with sophisticated manufacturing techniques to ensure consistently high quality.
Filters with Analog Drivers

An accurate and stable voltage-to-current converter (drive) is integrated with the filter so that a linear voltage ramp tunes the filter.
Oscillators, YIG-tuned harmonic generators, and YIG-based integrated receiver front-ends/tuners. Analog and digital drivers are available for all Ferretec YIG products.
Quality
Teledyne products are organized to support government programs from the program management office through to the quality organization. QUALITY is not just a word or procedure, but rather the planned result of a Ferretec Products team committed to excellence and customer satisfaction. This results in commitment to our customers, at every level. From sales and engineering through manufacturing, quality is the responsibility of everyone within the Teledyne Microwave organization.
Filters with Digital Drivers

Allows tuning directly from your system controller or computer. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC), either serial or parallel, is added to the driver.
Experience
All of Teledynes YIG products combine advanced technology and state-of-the-art performance with sophisticated manufacturing techniques to ensure consistently high quality. Teledyne products has extensive experience in the design, manufacture, and management of large military and commercial programs. Engineering expertise in the integration of microwave components with analog and digital control circuits, combined with a highly productive manufacturing organization, has resulted in the selection of Ferretec Products by major defense systems companies both domestically and internationally for highvolume production programs.
Why Choose Teledyne?

Teledyne Microwave has approached the YIG component market with innovative design and manufacturing technology aimed at providing a family of products suited to the level of integration the customer desires for an optimum systems solution.
Closed-Loop Filters
A discriminator and loop circuit provide the capability to lock the filter to an RF reference such as a receiver local oscillator. All tuning errors are removed as a result. These include Ferretrac closed-loop filters.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
YIG
Introduction
Filters
Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) filters have been used in military systems and commercial test equipment for over 30 years. The extremely high unloaded Qu of the YIG sphere (approximately 10,000) makes it an ideal choice as the frequency-determining element for these electronically tunable filters. Their excellent linearity, low insertion loss, and broadband tuning characteristics are ideal for applications in the 0.5-40 GHz frequency range. Bandpass filter applications include preselectors for radar warning and ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) receivers in the EW (Electronic Warfare) arena and spectrum analyzers in the microwave and commercial test equipment industry. Band-reject filter applications include notching out a particular signal for ESM and ECM systems, and rejecting signals in commercial test equipment measurement set-ups. YIG is a ferrite material that resonates at a precise frequency when placed in a magnetic field. The frequency of resonance is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. The high reliability of YIG devices is excellent for military applications. Their low loss, wideband tuning, and excellent linearity characteristics make them ideal for commercial test equipment applications such as sweepers, synthesizers and spectrum analyzers.
YIG Filters with low loss, wideband tuning, and excellent linearity characteristics make them ideal for commercial test equipment applications
What is a YIG Filter?

A YIG Filter is an electronically tuned filter whose center frequency can be varied by changing the magnetic bias applied to a resonator. Often, filter resonators are realized using YIG material, although YIG doped with other substances such as Gallium or crystals of Lithium-Ferrite or Nickel-Zinc are also widely used to satisfy various requirements. Equipped with integrated drivers (voltage-to-current or digital word-to-current converters), these filters combine many sophisticated technologies, including crystal physics, magnetics, and analog and digital design.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Providing Customer Solutions

Using the highest level of technology and manufacturing expertise is not enough. We support our customers from preliminary design through installation. Teledyne Microwave provides solutions to customer requirements in three key areas: mance, including tuning errors, driver stability, and tuning speed. Discussion prior to proposal ensures that we offer a solution that will work in the system and is producible at the rates required. Our engineering personnel are available to answer customer questions as they arise. Technical Proposals detail our solution so that all system options are clear.
Customer Service
Feedback on delivery and technical progress during the design and manufacturing periods after order placement.
Stringent Quality Assurance

All Teledyne components and subsystems are designed, built and screened with the highest quality standards available in the industry. Teledyne Microwave is certified to ISO-9001 & ISO-14001
Technical Support
Technical Notes with detailed discussions of various aspects of YIG filter perfor-
Technology Features
In addition to the three key areas mentioned above, Teledyne Products believes our level of technology distinguishes us from other YIG vendors. Some of the key technology features of Teledynes YIG filter products include: perfectly realized. The external bandwidth is continuously varying with frequency. Coupling bandwidth changes with frequency cause filter bandwidth growth and poor VSWR as the tuned frequency increases. This results in degraded rejection at key frequencies, such as the LO and image frequencies of a superheterodyne receiver, and increased mismatch loss and ripple in the filter passband. Teledyne proprietary loop technology reduces coupling bandwidth changes thus minimizing bandwidth growth, and optimizing input match. This means better control of spurious responses, improved sensitivity, flatter group delay, and enhanced control of noise bandwidth in receiver applications. Among the benefits of using this technology in designing YIG filters: The RF behavior of the filter can be precisely controlled via its coupling loop characteristics. In particular, bandwidth growth, input and output VSWR, and bandwidth can be precisely set to meet system requirements. Spurious responses are controlled and minimized using these techniques. Filter performance, from unit to unit, is replicated on a consistent basis. Large quantities of filters can be produced to support customer production requirements since Teledynes technology lends itself to efficient manufacturing and results in YIG filters that are inherently manufacturable. This is in contrast to the empirical method that the majority of YIG manufacturers use today, in which a filter is simply built up and tweaked until the desired performance is achieved.
Proprietary Coupling Loop Technology

Both band-reject and bandpass filters are designed using Teledynes proprietary coupling loop technology. This CAD technique entails extensive modeling and characterization of the filter circuit at the onset of the design phase. Using modified filter modeling software, coupling coefficients are generated that precisely define coupling loop properties and relationships in the filter itself. These coefficients are set by Teledyne Products technicians who align the filters using vector network analyzers to make minute adjustments to match the computer designed coupling bandwidths. The net result is a final set of coupling coefficients that precisely match the characteristics of the filter to the customers requirements. As figure 1 shows, the coupling in a bandpass filter varies with tuned frequency, even if the structures and resonators are
Wide Instantaneous Bandwidths

Variations in group delay in the frontend of modern communications systems, with their complex modulations and dense channel spacing, cause degradation measured as increased bit error rates and higher noise power ratios. The complexity of the modulation alone requires even wider instantaneous bandwidths. Teledynes improved designs reduce mismatch effects and reduce delay distortion due to crossing modes in the resonators, and offer the widest bandwidths available for communications applications. In addition, Teledynes 6-stage, or more, produc-
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Technology Features
Interstage Coupling Coefficients
K12, K23, K34
Input / Output Coupling Coefficients
BWe
K23
Standard Coupling Techniques New Teledyne Coupling Techniques
K23
K23
Input
Output
BWe
BWe
FLow
Frequency
FHigh
Figure 1. Teledyne loop technology reduces coupling coefficient variations
tion filters hold the line on selectivity without forcing a change in architecture to higher intermediate frequencies or to new conversion schemes. Wide bandwidth filter specifications may be found on pages 122.
Temperature Compensated Magnet

By compensating the magnetic field zero frequency drift is possible. Ferrimagnetic spherical resonators, properly positioned in the magnetic field, are extremely well behaved over a wide temperature range. Positioned on a particular axis, and temperature controlled by small heater elements, most materials experience almost no drift.
Moisture-sealed magnet structures for MIL environments without using paint or epoxy. Since Teledyne filters contain no exposed active semi-conductors, they are basically passive components which need not be hermetically sealed. However, for most defense electronics applications, it is obviously necessary to prevent moisture, dust, and salt atmosphere from entering the magnet and eventually causing corrosion which would lead to premature failure. Many manufacturers have resorted to epoxy and/or RTV potting and epoxy paints
Balanced Magnet Structure

Tuning a ferrimagnetic resonator over a large frequency range in the microwave region requires high magnetic fields. Over 6,400 Gauss are required to bias a YIG sphere to 18 GHz. This field must be uniform in the region of the sphere. In the absence of magnet saturation, a linear current in the coils of the electromagnet produces a linear field in the magnet gap. However, as Figure 2 shows, leakage flux (flux that does not bias the sphere) will cause tuning non-linearity. This leakage flux is considerably more pronounced with single ended magnets than with the Teledyne balanced structure. Teledynes balanced magnet need not be increased in size to compensate for the leakage flux. Thus, for the same magnet volume, Ferretec can offer more linear tuning than devices employing single-ended magnets.
Stabilizing the magnetic structure, however, represents a much greater challenge. Gap changes as small as 3 millionths of an inch (.076 microns) at 18 GHz cause a 1 MHz shift in filter frequency. Uncompensated, a filter in a nickeliron electromagnet will drift +11 MHz as the temperature is varied from -55 to +85C, the MIL-E5400, Class 11 temperature range. Ferretec magnets are temperaturecompensated using uniquely shaped rings of a different metal both to BALANCED UNBALANCED compensate for the air gap changes in the magnet and to track the several Figure 2. Reduced leakage flux in balanced magnets resonators across the tuning range.
improve leakage
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Technology Features
to accomplish this sealing. However, these methods do not stand up under the constant temperature cycling and vibration experienced over an extended period of time. Teledyne magnets are sealed without paint or epoxy. As Figure 3 shows, fluorosilicon O-rings are used to seal the unique three-piece magnet. These devices are guaranteed to maintain the seal for the lifetime of the filter. This gives the reliability engineer the confidence that a unit will not only pass the qualification to within .01% at a level of 900 mA. A driver, or voltage-to-current converter, must therefore have the capability to translate a specific voltage input to the required current, with high accuracy, over the life of the system. receive a sample of RF power and use it to sense tuning errors, locking the filter to the RF sample. For example, a closed-loop preselector can be locked to a receiver local oscillator and offset by the IF frequency, insuring tracking under all conditions. A closed-loop filter can track a sweep oscillator or synthesizer to remove unwanted spurious and harmonic signals. A notch can be accurately positioned on an interfering signal to prevent it from blocking an EW receiver. For more information on closed-loop filters, see pages 9-18.
O-Ring Seals Connector Assembly
O-Ring Seals Magnet Cup
Changes in the values of resistors, integrated circuits, and potentiometers over time degrade filter tuning accuracy. Teledyne has analyzed these aging effects in YIG filter drivers and has developed a highly stable circuit which minimizes aging. This requires the use of high-quality devices such as stable IC voltage references and low-drift operational amplifiers. In addition, this necessitates the use of a minimum adjustment O-Ring Seals range on the slope and YIG Access Hole offset potentiometers, and, in some cases, no potentiometers at all. For MIL applications, all parts are selected from established reliability components or screened to equivalent requirements. More information on tuning errors in YIG filters is available in a comprehensive technical note (see page 38). Driver specifications can be found on page 24.
Filter Capabilities
Tuning Range
YIG devices offer tremendous flexibility in the choice of tuning range. Since the coupling coefficients in these inductivelycoupled filters vary with frequency, the factors limiting tuning range are based on trade-offs involving input match, bandwidth growth, spurious responses, insertion loss, etc. Bandpass filters can be made to tune ranges as broad as 20:1 with few compromises in performance and even larger ratios with trade-offs depending on actual frequency. Band-reject filters have a more narrow notch tuning range due to the inherent property of transmission line-type characteristics from only a few hundred MHz to over a 5:1 range. The passbands of these filters, however, can be made much broader, covering ranges similar to that of bandpass filters.
Figure 3. Teledyne Magnet structure is moisture sealed with lifetime guarantee O-rings
Ultra-stable driver
Stabilized driver circuits with the best available components for enhanced tuning accuracy over the life of the unit. Given that typical filter bandwidths are often less than 0.1% suggests that setting them properly on frequency requires superior control of the magnet coil current. For example, if the tuning sensitivity of the magnet is 20 MHz/mA, setting the frequency to within 2 MHz at 18 GHz requires that the current be accurately set
Closed-Loop YIG Filters

Closed-loop filters contain a patented locking circuit insuring unmatched tuning accuracy and repeatability in the harshest environments. Regardless of the care taken in the design and manufacture of YIG filters, they are subject to tuning errors that cannot be predicted or controlled with open-loop correction schemes. Closed-loop filters
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Filter Capabilities
525 500 475 3dB BANDWIDTH (MHz) 450 425 MAX - ULTRA WIDE BANDWIDTH
200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 MIN MAX - OCTAVE TUNING MAX - MULTI +/- OCTAVE TUNING
FREQUENCY - AT LOW END OF TUNING RANGE (GHz) Figure 4. Range of 3dB bandwidths available in Teledyne bandpass YIG Filters
Instantaneous Bandwidth
Figure 4 shows the wide range of bandwidths Ferretec provides in bandpass filters. Both minimum and maximum achievable bandwidths are shown as a function of the minimum operating frequency of the filter. Changes in the coupling coefficients occur with frequency, and result in the growth of the bandwidth near the high end of the
tuning range. Ferretecs precisely designed structures and proprietary loop configurations minimize this growth while maintaining the best possible VSWR.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Filter Capabilities
Selectivity
Filter selectivity depends on the number of YIG resonators (stages) in the filter and region of the filter. Spurious responses which hold their relative position with respect to the desired filter response are termed tracking modes Those which tune at a different rate than the desired response, and therefore, at some frequencies cross through the filter response, are termed crossing modes
Screening Levels
The following defines the component quality, inspection, and screening levels available with Teledyne filters or filters with drivers. Teledyne Microwaves quality system is registered to ISO-9001:2004.
Ratio of Bandwidth to 3dB Bandwidth
60 40 30 20 10
Commercial (C )
1. 2. Temperature cycling of filters from -55C to +95C, non-operating, five cycles. 100% Electrical Test at +25C: Tuning Range, Linearity, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss, Spurious & Ripple, VSWR, ORI & ORS RF, Limiting Hysteresis, Tuning Sensitivity, Heater Current, Bias Current (for Filter with Driver) 3. 4. 1. 100% External Visual Inspection Operating temperature: 0C to +60C
2-STAGE
Part of the art of the YIG filter construction consists 5 4 of limiting the size of these 3 7-STAGE spurious responses, and in 2 controlling their position 1 so as to keep them from 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 appearing, for example, in Attenuation (dB) bandpass preselectors just where local oscillator or Figure 5. Filter Selectivity image rejection is desired. The tracking spurious is nominally 6 dB per stage per octave response most often seen in band-pass bandwidth. Thus, for a four-stage filter, filters is known as the 210 mode. It is the rejection increases by 24 dB each time greatly suppressed by Teledynes proprithe band-width doubles (see Figure 5). etary coupling loop technology but, in The number of stages that can be built in most cases, is somewhat less than the a single filter is limited by the space under full off-resonance rejection of the filter. the magnet pole tips and the need to posiThe location of this mode with respect tion the spheres for optimum coupling. to the passband depends mainly on the Making the pole tips larger increases saturation magnetization of the ferrituning coil inductance and slows magnet magnetic resonator. For pure YIG (used tuning speed. Bandpass filters are usually in filters operating over 4 GHz), the 210 2 to 7 stages and band-reject filters can be mode is 600 to 700 MHz below the filter as many as 16 stages. The ultimate isolaresponse. For example, Gallium-doped tion of a particular filter also depends on YIG, used in filters with start frequencies the number of stages. of 2 GHz, have a 210 mode approximately 310 to 335 MHz below the filter response. Spurious Responses In addition to the 210 mode, band-reject Spurious responses originate from magfilters also demonstrate the 540 and 220 netostatic modes wherein the precession modes. These are tracking spurious modes of the electron spins in the ferrimagnetic which cause narrow notches in the filter material varies across the sphere, instead passband, typically 4 dB deep. These of being uniform as desired. These result are located above the main filter notch in secondary resonances which may or response by 75 to 350 MHz, depending may not be fixed in position with respect on the ferrimagnetic material used for the to the main resonance. They will appear resonators. either as ripples in the passband, or as isolated bumps in the off-resonance
6-STAGE
4-STAGE
Military (M)
Temperature cycling of filters from -55C to +95C, non-operating, five cycles per MIL-STD-202, Method 107D, condition A, except high temp. shall be +95C. 100% Electrical Test at +25C: Tuning Range, Linearity, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss, Spurious & Ripple, VSWR, ORI & ORS RF, Limiting Hysteresis, Tuning Sensitivity, Heater Current, Bias Current (for Filter with Driver) 3. 4. 5. 6. 100% External Visual Inspection Operating temperature: -54C to +85C Filters are O-ring sealed Printed circuit board assemblies are conformally coated to MIL-I46058C.
2.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters

to the RF reference, and a frequency tuning repeatability of 0.5 MHz. Teledynes closed-loop YIG filter technology has the advantages of precise frequency tuning, exact frequency repeatability and is self-contained, requiring no external system correction hardware or software.
Closed-Loop Filter Product Line

The closed-loop filter corrects all YIG filter tuning errors, regardless of their origin, and does so in a self-contained package requiring only a coarse tuning signal and an RF reference.
Introduction
YIG filters have many inherent advantages such as wideband tuning, excellent linearity and low insertion loss. However, they also have static and dynamic tuning errors that can adversely affect their microwave system and measurement performance. These errors include hysteresis, non-linearity, frequency drift over temperature, and aging of the components in the YIG driver circuitry. Regardless of the specific source, these tuning errors all produce the same net result: A decrease in the filters tuning accuracy and frequency repeatability. While YIG filters have extremely good frequency linearity characteristics (less than 20 MHz non-linearity over a 2 to 26.5 GHz tuning range, typically), when adding up other tuning errors such as hysteresis (10 to 20 MHz) and temperature drift (10 to 20 MHz), the total frequency error can become significant. For certain
applications these tuning errors can be tolerated. In others, the tuning errors are corrected via software algorithms or computer-controlled correction schemes. However, the system complexity and increased processor demands of these additional correction schemes can make them a less desirable solution. In contrast, the closed-loop filter corrects all YIG filter tuning errors, regardless of their origin, and does so in a self-contained package requiring only a coarse tuning signal and an RF reference. The closed-loop filter effectively consists of a YIG-tuned filter, a frequency discriminator and a driver circuit to tune the filters center frequency. The output of the discriminator is an error signal that is fed back to the tuning coil driver, to provide the required correction of the filters center frequency. The net result is a YIGtuned filter with a guaranteed frequency accuracy on the order of 1 MHz relative
For the past 20 years, Ferretec has provided a closed-loop solution in the form of the analog-tuned Ferretrac filter. This unit has found wide-spread usage in both commercial and military systems, as part of a closed-loop subsystem, or on a standalone basis. On a single military program alone, over 1800 Ferretrac filters were delivered and installed in the ALQ-172 ECM system. Recently, Teledyne completed a technology advancement program which resulted in the development of a digital closedloop filter product line. This unit enjoys the enhanced performance of closed-loop technology in a smaller, lighter package that is digitally tuned. Together, the Ferretrac and the digital closed-loop filter are the key components of Teledynes closed-loop product line.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE

Filter Technology
Eliminates System Compromise
When considering open-loop YIG tuned filters, the designer must often compromise system performance due to tradeoffs in filter performance. Tuning errors inherent in the YIG device often require that the filter bandwidth be increased in an attempt to keep a minimum acceptable bandwidth on frequency, under all conditions. This necessitates compromises in system performance parameters, such as selectivity, image rejection, and passband ripple. Aging of the components may also require the end user to employ frequent and expensive field alignments, or to develop special calibration algorithms to maintain these filters on frequency. Teledynes closed-loop filters contain a unique reference loop circuit that allows a tunable filter to be locked to an RF reference signal (i.e., a tracking filter) or offset from the reference signal (i.e., an offset filter). All tuning errors are corrected by the loop gain. As a result, the designer can concentrate on specifying the optimum RF performance required for his design.
Teledyne manufactures companion test equipment products utilizing closed-loop YIG filter technology. The C1001 Controller provides all operating controls and power supplies for the closed-loop Ferretrac filter.
System Solutions
Closed-loop filters offer the system designer a complete solution to the electronically-tunable filter requirement. The microwave filter, driver circuit (voltage-to-current converter) for main filter tuning, and the closed-loop circuits are all contained in one compact assembly. A closed-loop filter needs only to be installed and supplied with an RF reference signal and a tuning signal in order to immediately work to specification. No need to tweak drivers, program PROMs, or make readjustments in the field due to component aging.
Closed-loop filters are always on frequency. No specifications are necessary for hysteresis, tuning non-linearity, temperature drift, or post-tuning drift. They also lock onto the reference signal in a fraction of the time it takes open-loop filters to settle into the desired band-width. A lock indicator signal provides ongoing feedback that the filter is locked to the reference signal. Teledyne has designed and specified closed-loop filters to address system and component requirements. The RF specifications use classical filter parameters such as those traditionally used for fixed-tuned filters but defined for tunable system use. For example, RF bandwidth is specified
relative to the desired center frequency and rejection is specified at the image frequency and other pertinent spurious susceptible frequencies.
Applications
Closed-loop filter applications include active and passive countermeasures systems, radar and communications systems, and automatic test instrumentation for bench and field testing. Some of these applications are detailed in this catalog. More extensive closed-loop applications information can be found in the following papers available from Ferretec: 1. Application Note FT3, Improving Microwave Measurements with Ferretrac Filters
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Closed-Loop Filter Operation

The key to closed-loop filter operation is an additional YIG sphere located in the same magnetic structure as the filter. Thus, any variations in the magnetic field, which tend to tune the filter to other than the desired frequency are also sensed by this additional reference sphere. The reference sphere is surrounded by a small air coil which can be biased to establish any desired fixed offset, up to 300 MHz, between the reference sphere and the filter. Together with the elements of the loop circuits, the reference sphere and air coil form a unique microwave discriminator. The output of this discriminator is a voltage proportional to the error between the quiescent tuned frequency of the YIG filter and the RF reference frequency (+ or - any deliberate offset). This error is fed back to the main electromagnet driver to force the filter onto the reference frequency and keep it there under all static and dynamic conditions (e.g., temperature, vibration, driver component aging, etc.). Figure 6 shows the block diagram of the basic Ferretrac device. Note that the closed-loop circuits are independent of the filter, allowing complete flexibility for design and optimization of the filter. A high loop gain insures a reduction of all open-loop errors by approximately 200:1. The discriminator band-width is varied to initially provide a capture range of 100 MHz and then reduced to provide better than 1 MHz resolution. Once within the capture range of the loop, the filter settles very rapidly to the specified reference frequency. A lock indicator, TTL signal compatible, provides an indication to the system that the loop has acquired the referenced signal. In certain applications, particularly those involving Doppler signal processing or synthesizer filtering, it may be necessary
Closed-loop filter applications include active and passive countermeasures systems, radar and communications systems, and automatic test instrumentation
Courtesy of USAF
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Application Note YIG Preselectors in Multi-Channel Phase Tracked Receivers Application Note Reference Stabilized YIG-Tuned Receiver Front-Ends Application Note Ferretrac Operation Application Note Set-on Techniques for YIG-Tuned Band-Reject Filters Technical Paper Digital ASIC Advances Microwave Filter Technology
MIL Specification Devices

Teledyne offers closed-loop filters for both commercial and military applications. For MIL-SPEC units, Teledyne has carefully selected all passive components from available established reliability devices. All semiconductor devices are JANTX or MIL-STD-883 screened. To ensure the specified filter performance for MIL environments over the lifetime of the device, Teledyne has carefully prepared an error budget using the guaranteed specifications of these MIL parts.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE

to disable the closed-loop to eliminate a small amount of incidental modulation that is coupled to the main filter from the reference-sphere air coil. This incidental tuning typically produces amplitude modulation of 0.5 dB and phase modulation of 2 degrees at a fixed rate of about 350 KHz for the Ferretrac filter. This modulation can be entirely eliminated by employing a sample-and-hold circuit contained in all closed-loop filters. After receiving a lock signal indication that the filter is on frequency, activation of the hold input stores the corrected tuning voltage during the users measurement or signal receiving period. During this time, for at least one minute (one second for MIL units at +85C), the RF bandwidth remains on frequency. Filter tuning can be periodically updated by returning to the sample mode for approximately two milliseconds.
Summary of Key Ferretrac Closed-Loop Filters

The specifications presented in this catalog use super-heterodyne receiver terminology since a majority of applications are for preselectors or tracking filters. The closed-loop filter is locked to a local oscillator or other reference source frequency, or offset by an intermediate frequency (IF) from the source frequency. Care should be taken to avoid confusion with RF specifications for open-loop tunable filters.
FT (Tuned Frequency)
The desired center frequency of the passband. FT is equal to F0, the reference source frequency + or - the IF offset frequency.
FO (Reference Frequency)
The reference source (or local oscillator) frequency. For zero offset (tracking filter) FO=FT.
Common Magnet RF Input YIG Filter RF Output
FI (Image Frequency)
The image frequency in a receiver located on the opposite side of the local oscillator, FO, and spaced from FO by the IF offset.
RF Reference Circuits
Reference Input
BW (3 dB Bandwidth)
The minimum frequency band centered on the desired tuned frequency, FT, over which the total filter loss will not exceed IL + IR.
Hold Control
Loop Circuit Error Signal Driver Circuit Filter Coarse Tune
Lock Indicator
IL (Insertion Loss)
The insertion loss at a point in the bandwidth BW that exhibits the minimum value.
IR (Passband Ripple)
The maximum ripple, including magnetostatic modes occurring in the bandwidth BW.
Figure 6. Ferretrac Functional Block Diagram
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
VSWR
Measured at the best point in the bandwidth BW.
RF (Half IF Rejection)
The minimum rejection, in a band BW/2 wide centered at one-half of the IF frequency from the tuned frequency FT and located between FT and FO. This half IF rejection is needed to determine rejection of a spurious intermodulation product in the receiver systems caused by 2L0, 2SIG combinations.
IF (Intermediate Frequency)
The offset frequency (+ or -) at which the bandwidth BW is centered from the reference frequency FO.
RI (IMAGE REJECTION)
The minimum rejection in a band BW wide centered at a frequency FI on the opposite side of FO from the passband (usually called the image band). In the case of zero offset (filter tracks on reference frequency) RI is defined as the minimum rejection 200 MHz from FT.
RC (LO REJECTION)
The minimum rejection at the reference frequency, FO. This is needed to determine the amount of LO suppression provided by the filter in receiver applications.
RH (HARMONIC REJECTION)
The minimum rejection at harmonics and subharmonics of the frequency FT within the specified tuning range.
IR 0 dB RF RH RI RC BW
IL
IF/2
IF FT/N FI FO
IF
FT
N x FT
Figure 7. Closed-loop bandpass filter specification definitions
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Ferretrac Model Number System

Always 1 for Catalog Model 1
FT
OFFSET X 0 1 2 3 4 5 7
1 2
MHz -160 +160 -60 +60 -300 +300 0
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
NO. STAGES & COARSE TUNE VOLTAGE Stages Tuning Voltage 2 0.0 to 10.0 V 4 0.0 to 10.0 V 2 1.0 V/GHz 4 1.0 V/GHz 2 0.5 V/GHz 4 0.5 V/GHz 2 0.25 V/GHz 4 0.25 V/GHz
TUNING RANGE X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 GHz 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 40.0 2.0 to 26.5
COMPONENT SCREENING LEVEL C COMMERCIAL M MIL
Specials are assigned model numbers which are of the form FT2XXX. The last three digits are assigned sequentially. Any offset between 300 MHz are available on special order.
PARAMETER Tuning Range (GHz) Offset (MHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) RF (Half IF) (dB, min) RC (Reference) (dB, min) RI (Image) (dB, min) RH (dB, min) Course Tune Voltage
FT1101 0.5 to 2.0 +160 10 4.0 1.5 25 35 40 40 0 to 10 V
2-STAGE FT1425 2.0 to 18.0 -300 15 4.0 1.5 20 35 40 40 1.0 V/GHz
FT1046 18.0 to 26.5 -160 20 4.0 2.0 12 25 35 40 0.5 V/GHz
FT1111 0.5 to 2.0 +160 10 7.0 1.5 50 70 70 70 0 to 10 V
4-STAGE FT1435 FT1056 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 -300 -160 15 20 6.0 6.0 1.5 2.0 70 25 70 50 70 70 80 70 1.0 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz
FT1117 20.0 to 40.0 +160 15.0 8.0 2.0 15 40 60 60 0 to 10 V
Tracking (Zero Offset) Filters *

PARAMETER Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) RH (dB, min) Course Tune Voltage FT1741 0.5 to 2.0 15.0 4.0 40.0 0.5 V/GHz 2-STAGE FT2500 1 FT1749 2.0 to 20.0 2.0 to 26.5 15.0 15.0 4.0 5.0 40.0 40.0 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz FT1767 20.0 to 40.0 15.0 5.0 30.0 0.25 V/GHz FT1751 0.5 to 2.0 15.0 7.0 70.0 0.5 V/GHz 4-STAGE FT2510 1 FT1759 2.0 to 20.0 2.0 to 26.5 15.0 15.0 7.0 8.0 80.0 70.0 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz FT1777 20.0 to 40.0 15.0 8.0 60.0 0.25 V/GHz
* Fully compatible with C1001 Controller 1 Special Numbers Assigned Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges and tuning voltages. All Specifications shown are for operating temperatures of 0 to 60C for commercial units and -55 to +85C for MIL-SPEC units.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Ferretrac Bandpass Filter Specifications

Offset Filters - 2-Stages
2-Stages Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz min) IL (dB max) IR (dB max) Rejection (dB min) 60 MHz Offset (X = 2 or 3) 160 MHz Offset (X= 0 or 1) 300 MHz Offset (X = 4 or 5) FT1X01 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 4.0 1.5 RF RC RI RF RC RI RF RC RI RH 20 30 25 35 40 35 40 40 40 FT1X02 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 3.0 1.5 15 25 20 30 40 30 40 45 45 Fri X03 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.0 1.5 10 20 15 25 35 25 35 45 45 FT1X04 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.0 1.5 10 20 15 25 35 25 35 45 45 FT1X05 2.0 to 18.0 15.0 4.0 1.5 6 20 12 25 35 20 35 40 40 FT1X06 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 4.0 2.0 6 20 12 25 35 20 35 40 40 FT1X07 20.0 to 40 15.0 5.0 2.0 12 25 35 20 35 40 35
All Offsets
Offset Filters - 4-Stages

4-Stages Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz min) IL (dB max) IR (dB max) Rejection (dB min) 60 MHz Offset (X= 2 or 3) 160 MHz Offset (X = 0 or 1) 300 MHz Offset (X = 4 or 5) FT1X11 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 7.0 1.5 RF RC RI RF RC RI RF RC RI RH FT1X12 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 5.0 1.5 FT1X13 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 4.5 1.5 FT1X14 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 4.5 1.5 FT1X15 2.0 to 18.0 15.0 6.0 1.5 FT1X16 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 6.0 2.0 FT1X17 20.0 to 40. 15.0 8.0 2.0
40 60 50 70 70 70 70 70 70
30 50 40 60 70 70 70 70 80
20 40 30 50 70 70 70 70 80
20 40 30 50 70 70 70 70 80
12 40 25 50 70 70 70 70 80
12 40 25 50 70 70 70 70 70
15 40 60 60 60 60 60
All Offsets
The above units have 0 to 10 volts coarse tuning; for other coarse tuning voltages available see Model Number System. All specifications shown are for operating temperatures of 0 to 60C for commercial units and -55 to +85C for MIL-SPEC units.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Teledyne has introduced a line of digitally tuned closed-loop bandpass filters based on Ferretrac technology. Similar RF performance to the Ferretrac is available in a smaller and lighter package. Loop and control circuits are realized digitally, allowing for a zero droop sample-andhold, and the elimination of all potentiometers. Programmable logic arrays allow for frequency calibration and provide for system design flexibility
Features:
12 Bit Digital (TTL) Tuning Control Zero Droop Sample-and-Hold Reduced Size and Weight No Potentiometers
Typical RF Specifications
2-Stage Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters with +160 MHz Offsets [1]
2-Stages Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz min) IL (dB max) IR (dB max) RH (Harmonic Rej. dB min) Rejection with +160 MHz Offset (dB min) RF (Half IF) RC (Reference) RI (Image)
1. 2. 3.
FTD1101 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 4.5 1.5 40 25 35 40
FTD1102 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 20 30 40
FTD1103 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 15 25 35
FTD1104 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 15 25 35
FTD1105 2.0 to 18.0 15.0 4.5 1.5 40 12 25 35
12-Bit Digital Tuning Word Input: Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones. Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges. All specifications shown are guaranteed for operating temperatures of 0 to 60C for commercial units and -55 to +85C for MIL-SPEC units
4-Stage Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters with +160 MHz Offsets [1]

4-Stages Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz min) IL (dB max) IR (dB max) RH (Harmonic Rej. dB min) Rejection with +160 MHz Offset (dB min) RF (Half IF) RC (Reference) RI (Image)
1. 2. 3.
FTD1111 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 8.0 1.5 70 50 70 70
FTD1112 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 6.0 1.5 80 40 60 70
FTD1113 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 5.5 1.5 80 30 50 70
FTD1114 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 5.5 1.5 80 30 50 70
FTD1115 2.0 to 18.0 15.0 7.0 1.5 80 25 50 70
[1] Other offsets between 300 MHz are also available.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Digital Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

Tracking Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters (Zero Offset)
2-Stages Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz min) IL (dB max) RH (dB min)
1. 2. 3.
4-Stages FTD1751 0.5 to 2.0 15.0 8.0 70 FTD2510 2.0 to 20.0 15.0 8.0 80
FTD1741 0.5 to 2.0 15.0 4.5 40
FTD2500 2.0 to 20.0 15.0 4.5 40
Filter Repeatability: 0.5 MHz Max

The major contributors to short-term repeatability errors in conventional YIG devices are Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty (MRU) and Post Tuning Drift (PTD). MRU is related to what is commonly referred to as hysteresis in the magnet. It is an unstable magnet bias condition that changes dramatically as a function of tuning step size, vibration, and shock. The result is a fixed-frequency uncertainty with a potential spread equal to the magnet hysteresis PTD is caused by the thermal gradient set up in the magnet shell due to the uneven internal heating by the tuning coil. The dissipation typically +20 varies from 50 mW +15 to 5 Watts from 2 to +10 18 GHz.
REPEATABILITY (MHz)
Accuracy: Filter center frequency accuracy

is 1 MHz of reference signal typically.
VSWR: 2.0:1 (Best Point) Tuning Speed: Tuning speed is the time
from the initiation of a tuning step to the presence of the desired bandwidth (BW) centered at the desired frequency (FT).
Step Size (GHz) 1 Tuning Time (msec max) 1 2 2 4 3 8 5 12 8 16 10
Figure 9. Ferretrac filters overcome this effect since, after acquisition by the loop, the filter tuning error AF is reduced to zero with a loop time constant of approximately 100 microseconds.
30 25 20
16GHz STEP
OPEN LOOP CLOSED LOOP
YIG filter tuning speed curves show a long time constant tail as shown in
F (MHz)
15 10 5 FT
8GHz STEP 1GHz STEP
10
15
20
25
30
Time mS
FERRETRAC +/- 0.5 MHz
Both MRU and PTD are present, even at a fixed ambient temperature. In Ferretrac filters both errors are reduced by the loop gain, providing a dramatic improvement in repeatability as illustrated in Figure 8.
+5 -5
FT -10 -15 -20 2 4 OPEN LOOP 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Figure 9 Tuning speed enhanced by closed-loop circuit
TUNING STEP (GHz)
Figure 8 Repeatability as a function of Tuning Step (GHz) shows the effects of Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty (MRU) and Post Tuning Drift (PTD).
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Digital Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

Filter Input Signal (unless otherwise specified)
Start Frequencies: 1 dB Compression (min) No Damage (max) Below 1 GHz 0 dBm Above 1 GHz +10 dBm Heater Current Surge (max) +25C Steady State -55C Steady State 2-Stage 0.75 A 75 mA 150 mA 4-Stage 1.2 A 125 mA 250 mA
1 Watt CW -15 dBm min/-5 dBm max 1 Watt CW 1.5:1 max
Frequency Reference
RF Power Input No Damage (max) Source VSWR Required
Ferretrac:
+15 VDC 10% at 1 mA per MHz of offset plus 100 mA for zero or negative offset, or, plus 200 mA for positive offset. -15 VDC 10% at 60 mA, plus typically 50 mA times max frequency in GHz.
Reference Accuracy
The frequency of the signal fed to the reference port must be within 50 MHz of the frequency indicated by the tuning voltage. (Typical accuracy is 1 MHz relative to reference frequency.)
Outline Drawings:
See Ferretrac Outline Drawing 0200001 Rev. 6 on page 35. See Digital Closed-Loop Outline Drawing 0200182 Rev. 1 on page 35.
Reference Offset: up to 300 MHz Lock Indicator
Standard TTL output, 2 loads Digital 0 0.4 .4 VDC Digital 1 3.5 1.5 VDC Logic 0 indicates in capture range Logic 1 indicates outside capture range, 3.5 1.5 VDC
Sample and Hold:

Standard TTL Input Logic Digital 0 0.4 0.4 VDC Digital 1 3.5 1.5 VDC 0 Commands Hold 1 Commands Closed Loop
Ferretrac Tuning Input:

Input Voltage to Tune Full Band: 0 to 10 VDC, 1 V/GHz, 0.5 V/GHz and 0.25 V/GHz are available. For offset filters, reference tracking is also available (coarse-tune voltage tracks reference frequency rather than filter frequency). Input Impedance: minimum 10K ohms
Digital Closed-Loop Tuning Input:

12-Bit digital tuning word. Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones. Power Requirements 28 4 VDC (heaters)
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter Applications

Receiver Preselection
Teledyne closed-loop filters are ideal for receiver preselector applications where suppression of spurious responses is the key to system performance. Figure 10 shows the block diagram of a receiver front end using a closed-loop preselector. A sample of the local oscillator signal is coupled to the closed-loop reference input and the filter locks onto the local oscillator, offset precisely by the IF frequency. This ensures that the minimum loss bandwidth of the filter is always centered on the desired frequency. The filter response can then be optimized for in band and skirt response characteristics without any compromises due to poor oscillator tracking, non-linearities, temperature drift, or other open-loop errors. causing sizable measurement errors unless adequate filtering of the signal source output is provided. Also, automatic test systems, operating over wide dynamic ranges, are easily confused in the presence of multiple, simultaneous outputs.
1 OR 1/2 GHz/VOLT OUTPUT
SWEEPER OR SYNTHESIZER RF
Figure 11 shows a closed-loop COUPLER RF filter used to clean-up a OUTPUT sweep oscillator or synthesizer. The voltage reference output RF CLOSED-LOOP INPUT of the sweeper (normally FILTER REF INPUT 1.0 or 0.5 V/GHz) is used to coarsely tune the filter, while a HOLD LOCK CONTROL INDICATOR sample of the signal RF output FILTER provides an RF reference for COARSE the loop circuits. The filter is TUNE then automatically centered on Figure 11 - Closed-Loop Filter in a source clean-up the signal reducing harmonics application and other spuriRECEIVER ous outputs of the RF MIXER RF source to the required level. INPUT OUTPUT Other applications of Teledyne closedIn this application, the filter IF REF INPUT bandwidth can be kept narrow loop filters can be found in the Teledyne CLOSED-LOOP HOLD OUTPUT Application Note FT3 Improving since the tracking is autoFILTER CONTROL Microwave Measurements with Ferretrac matic, and the output power Filters available on request. can be kept well leveled even COUPLER LOCK INDICATOR while sweeping, since there is no peaking needed to keep FILTER the signal at the minimum loss COARSE OSC TUNE TUNE LOCAL point of the passband. Best of OSCILLATOR all, there are no adjustments needed when changing the TUNING INPUT end limits of the frequency sweep, alternately switching Figure 10 - Closed-Loop Filter in a receiver preselector between different frequency application end limits, or randomly programming with a computer. In automatic test equipment, no separate computer controls are required. The Sweet oscillators and frequency synthesizclosed-loop filter is automatically IEEEers output harmonics and subharmonics 488 Bus compatible since it faithfully that are unacceptable to the user for many tracks any programmed signal from the applications. Scalar network analyzers, for source. example, cannot distinguish between fundamental and harmonic signal content,
Other Applications
Source Clean Up
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Open-Loop Bandpass Filters

Teledyne YIG Filters have been designed to meet the multi-octave, wide dynamic range requirements of todays EW systems and instruments. The electrical length of the interstage coupling elements is kept to a minimum so that multi-octave performance is achieved with no degradation over previous octave designs. Lowloss, gold plated cavities allow Teledyne to achieve the superior selectivity and off-resonance rejection of a 6-stage bandpass filter with the lower insertion loss of 4-stage filters. For military units, rugged construction in a temperature compensated, moisture sealed magnet maintains specified performance over the temperature, humidity, and salt-spray environments of MIL-E-5400 Class II. the operation range in both directions. Since this hysteresis is caused by an unstable magnetization, it represents a tuning uncertainty as shown in Figure 12. For a given coil current, the tuned frequency will fall within the shaded area depending on tuning step size and speed, and also environment factors. The line A-B represents a stable magnetic condition. This can be best realized by step tuning each frequency from the low end of the tuning range. Repeatability Error (MHz) B Stable Tuning Line
Hysteresis A FLow FHigh
Bandpass Filter Specification Definitions

Selectivity
Filter selectivity depends on the number of YIG resonators (stages) and is nominally 6 dB per stage per octave bandwidth. Thus for a six-stage filter, the rejection increases by 36 dB each time the bandwidth doubles (see Figure 5, page 8).
Temperature Drift
The change in resonant frequency (at a fixed coil current) corresponding to a change in ambient operating temperature. Teledyne filter designs are mechanically compensated to reduce this temperature drift.
Figure 12 Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty Maximum frequency repeatability error at any fixed coil current due to unknown hysteresis bias of the magnet as a result of tuning speed, magnitude of step and/or direction, vibration, and mechanical and/or thermal shock. Maximum error is equal to hysteresis.
Tuning Speed
There are several factors affecting tuning speed including tuning coil and magnet design, method of tuning, driver design, etc. The nominal full-band switching speed is 10 milliseconds to approach within 0.5% of the final frequency (see page 16). For data on tuning speed for a particular application, consult Teledyne directly.
Limiting Level
The input power at which the input/output transfer characteristic exhibits a 1 dB compression.
Linearity
The maximum deviation of the tuned center frequency versus coil current from a best fit straight line over the specified operating frequency range.
Hysteresis
The maximum value of the differential tuned frequency, at the same coil current, when the coil is tuned slowly throughout
Teledyne YIG Bandpass filters must function in a dense electromagnetic signal environment where preselection is required to separate signals from spurious, to reject co-located high-level interference, and maximize receiver sensitivity.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Open-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

Model Number System
FXXXX C AD
Basic Model Number
C - Commercial M - MIL
No Suffix - Filter Only AD - Analog Driver DD - Digital Driver
Bandpass Filters Specification Definitions

RF Parameters (See Figure 13) IL (Insertion Loss): The loss at the point in the passband exhibiting
the minimum loss value.
0 dB
ORS ORI
IR
IL
3dB
BW
BW (3 dB Bandwidth): The bandwidth measured where the insertion loss is 3 dB greater than the mini-mum loss value, IL.
(Passband Ripple): The sum of amplitude ripple and spurious re-
sponses which cross through the filter passband. The filter ripple changes with tuning due to interstage coupling variations and frequency pulling of the YIG resonators. Spurious responses are due to magnetostatic modes that are excited in the YIG spheres. Some track the main filter response at a relatively fixed frequency offset while others tune at a different rate than the passband and appear to walk through the passband as it is tuned. Additional losses due to the spurious modes that track at a different rate than the filter passband are included in IR.
FT Figure 13 - RF specification definitions for bandpass filters
Return Loss (VSWR): Measured at the best point in the bandwidth,

BW.
ORI (Off-Resonance Isolation): The rejection, referenced to IL, mea-
sured at any frequency outside of the filter passband skirts within the specified tuning range. It is usually measured by turning the filter off and observing the residual signal leakage level.
ORS (Off-Resonance Spurious): The amount of suppression refer-
enced to IL of magnetostatic spurious modes that track at a nearly fixed offset from the main filter response. Since their frequency spacing can be controlled in the design by the choice of YIG material used, the system designer should specify any offset frequency range that is required to be free of spurious modes (i.e., the image frequency, local oscillator frequency, harmonics, etc.). These modes are typically only a few MHz wide.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Specifications - 2 Stage Filters

Parameter Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) ORI (dB, min) ORS (dB, min) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temp. Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/mA, nominal) Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter With analog driver With digital driver F1051 0.5 to 2.0 20 4.0 1.5 45 25 3 4 6 10 10 4.5 40 1 2 [1] F1052 2.0 to 8.0 25 3.0 1.5 50 30 6 10 8 15 20 4.5 40 1 2 [1] F1053 6.0 to 18.0 25 3.0 1.5 50 30 10 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 1 2 [1] F1054 8.0 to 18.0 25 3.0 1.5 50 30 12 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 1 2 [1] F1055 2.0 to 18.0 25 4.0 1.5 45 25 15 20 20 30 20 4.5 40 1 2 [1] F1056 8.0 to 26.5 40 4.0 2.0 40 30 20 25 25 40 40 10.0 150 1 2 [1]

Parameter Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) ORI (dB, min) ORS (dB, min) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temp. Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/mA, nominal) Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter With analog driver With digital driver [1] Consult Factory F1071 0.5 to 2.0 20 7.0 1.5 70 50 3 4 6 10 10 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1072 2.0 to 8.0 25 5.0 1.5 80 50 6 10 8 15 20 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1073 6.0 to 18.0 25 4.5 1.5 80 50 10 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1075 2.0 to 18.0 25 6.0 1.5 80 40 15 20 20 30 20 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1076 8.0 to 26.5 40 6.0 2.0 60 40 20 25 25 40 40 10.0 150 3 6 7 F1077 8.0 to 26.5 50 7.0 2.0 60 30 30 60 40 60 28 6.0 100 4 [1] [1] F2000 3.0 to 50.0 30 7.0 2.0 55 30 35 70 50 70 25 6.0 100 4 [1] [1]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Open-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

Parameter Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) ORI (dB, min) ORS (dB, min) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temp. Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/mA, nominal Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter With analog driver [1] With digital driver [1] F1080 0.5 to 2.0 25 8.0 1.5 80 60 3 4 6 10 10 4.5 40 5 F1081 2.0 to 8.0 60 6.0 1.5 100 60 6 10 8 15 20 4.5 40 5 F1082 6.0 to 18.0 90 6.0 1.5 100 60 20 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 5 F1083 8.0 to 18.0 100 6.0 1.5 100 60 20 15 12 25 20 4.5 40 5 F1084 2.0 to 18.0 50 7.0 2.0 100 50 20 20 20 30 20 4.5 40 5
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filters

Wide Instantaneous Bandwidth Filters
Introduction
Todays surveillance receivers, EW countermeasure systems, and EMI measurement instruments require wider instantaneous bandwidths than the 15 or 20 MHz normally available. The signals they must process are increasingly more complex with wider information bandwidth. They also must function in a dense electromagnetic signal environment where preselection is required to separate signals from spurious, to reject co-located high level interference, and maximize receiver sensitivity. Teledyne has developed a series of very wide instantaneous bandwidth bandpass filters which offer an ideal solution. Advanced computer aided design has enabled the incorporation of new coupling techniques to pro-vide the needed bandwidths while demonstrating low insertion loss, low passband ripple, and superior pass-band VSWR. These techniques also minimize variation in group delay, a parameter which is becoming even more important with the increase in complexity and bandwidth of the signal environment. The units specified in this catalog show Teledynes capability to produce widebandwidth bandpass filters with limiting levels in the range 0 dBm to over +10 dBm (rather than the -23 dBm maximum linear input levels of filters operating in coincidence limiting). The wideband filters in this catalog are divided into two groups: Increased BW filters with bandwidths from 30 to 80 MHz for multi-octave tuning ranges, and wide-band filters with up to 500 MHz bandwidth in the 6 to 18 GHz range.
Design Tradeoffs For 500MHz Filters

To achieve extremely wide bandwidths, on the order of 500 MHz, high saturation magnetization Teledyne materials, such as Nickel Zinc Ferrite or Lithium Ferrite are required. However, the limiting level of Nickel Zinc decreases rapidly as the filter is tuned below 11 GHz. This results in a 500 MHz BW filter that is not only limited to a tuning range of approximately 8-18.5 GHz, but also has a decreased input limiting level (typically +3 dBm). A third consideration in designing a system with a 500 MHz wide YIG filter involves the location of the 210 spurious mode. Its location can affect the image rejection specification under certain conditions, such as in systems with an IF frequency of 1 GHz and a low side LO. For these extremely wideband filters, the 210 spurious mode frequency is fixed at approximately 2 GHz below the filter passband, which is also the tuners image frequency for a 1 GHz IF Thus, the 210 mode can cause a decrease in the system image rejection performance. This situation can be avoided at the system design level via selection of the IF frequency. For instance, an IF of 750 MHz has an IF image frequency of 1500 MHz which is offset from the 210 spurious mode by 500 MHz, typically. However, for wideband tuners requiring a 1 GHz IF and an image rejection specification of greater than 70 dB, the task of building these wideband filters becomes extremely difficult. Teledyne has developed a wideband filter that addresses this problem.
accomplish on a production basis, even for a 6-stage design. To provide a filter that not only meets the wide bandwidth and increased ORS requirement, and can also be built on a repeatable basis, Teledyne has developed an advanced technology 7-stage wide-band filter design. This second generation wideband filter technology has achieved the three primary design goals of: 1) Increased minimum bandwidth specification margin (550 to 600 MHz, versus 500 MHz), 2) Increased ORS suppression of 70 dB, for the worst-case system requirements of high IF image suppression and 1 GHz IF, and 3) Achieving these specifications on a consistent and repeatable basis, to support large production quantities. This wide bandwidth filter is ideal for wideband ELINT receivers. They are primarily used in the 8-18.0 GHz band, but are also suited for usage over the extended 6-18.0 GHz frequency range, with only minor performance tradeoffs. In addition to increasing margin for key filter specifications such as minimum BW, off-resonance spurious, and off-resonance isolation, Teledynes advanced technology maintains excellent input and output VSWR while minimizing passband spurious and ripple. These wideband filters can be built and aligned in an efficient, cost-effective manner, resulting in a filter which can be shipped in large quantities, with consistent repeatable performance. The filters are packaged in a 1.7 cube, and can be supplied with drivers (digital or analog), if required. For increased spurious suppression and selectivity requirements, additional stages can be accommodated with the current technology.
7-Stage Wideband Filter Solution

The image rejection is improved in a 1 GHz IF system by the increased ORS suppression of the 6-stage filter design. However, achieving a specification of >60 dB ORS suppression at FT-2 GHz while maintaining a 500 MHz minimum bandwidth has proven extremely difficult to
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filter Specifications

Specifications - 4-Stage Increased Bandwidth Bandpass Filters
Parameter Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) ORI (dB, min) ORS (dB, min) Limiting Level (dB, min) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temp. Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/ma, nominal) Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter With analog driver With digital driver F1091 0.5 to 2.0 25 6 2 70 40 0 3 4 10 15 10 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1092 1.0 to 4.0 45 5 2 70 40 0 4 6 12 20 10 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1093 2.0 to 6.0 70 5 2 70 40 +10 4 8 12 25 20 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1094 2.0 to 8.0 70 5 2 70 40 +10 6 10 15 30 20 4.5 40 1 2 7 F1095 2.0 to 18.0 50 6 2 65 40 +10 15 25 25 40 20 4.5 40 3 6 7 F1096 8.0 to 26.5 80 7 2 70 40 +10 10 15 25 40 20 4.5 40 3 6 7
Specifications - Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filters

Parameter Tuning Range (GHz) BW (MHz, min) IL (dB, max) IR (dB, max) ORI (dB, min) ORS (dB, min) Limiting Level Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temp. Drift (MHz, max) O to 60C 15 -55 to +85C 25 Tuning Sensitivity 20 (MHz, nominal) 4.5 Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 Outline Filter 3 With analog driver 6 With digital driver 7 [1] Limiting level increases to greater than +10 dBm above 11 GHz. [2] Consult factory for further details. F1097 6.0 to 18.0 450 6.0 2.5 60 40 0[1] 80 15 4-Stage F1098 8.0 to 18.0 250 6.0 2.0 70 40 +10 40 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 3 6 7 F1099 8.0 to 18.0 500 6.0 2.5 60 40 +3[1] 40 15 15 25 20 4.5 40 3 6 7 7-Stage F1201 F1200 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 450 500 8.0 7.0 2.5 2.5 85 85 65 65 0 [1] +3 [1] 80 40 15 15 15 25 23 8.0 85 5
[2] [2]
15 25 23 8.0 85 5
[2] [2]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Open-Loop Bandpass Filter and Driver Specifications

General Specifications
The following specifications are common to all filters unless otherwise specified in the model specification tables.
Open-Loop Filters with Drivers

The filters described in this catalog can be provided with integral drivers (voltageto-current converters); both analog and digital drivers are available. The analog drivers are tuned by a customer-supplied 0-10 Volt ramp. Other voltage ranges are available if needed. The digital drivers are tuned by a digital tuning word of up to 12 bits. The input is TTL-compatible, and is available either latched or non-latched. Teledyne drivers are especially designed to reduce the effects of aging. Aging, the slow change in component values (especially resistors) with time, causes the voltage-to-frequency transfer characteristic of the filter / driver to change. Trim potentiometers, used to adjust the driver to set the filter endpoints, are especially susceptible to aging. Teledyne matches every driver to its specific filter using computer-chosen, select-attest resistors. This enables the use of potentiometers with much smaller range, and therefore minimizes the effect their aging has on the transfer characteristic. Teledyne MIL drivers contain all MILspecified parts and are temperature compensated for operation over the -55 to +85C range. The resulting static frequency drift with temperature of the filter / driver combination is minimized. Conformal coating of the printed circuit boards insures survival in the MIL-E5400 Class II airborne environment.
Typical Specifications
Analog Driver: Tuning Voltage:
0 to +10V (OV = Low-end frequency, +10V = High-end frequency)
Passband VSWR: 2.0:1 (Best Point) Input Limiting Level (1 dB compression):

(except for wide-bandwidth filters)
Tuning Impedance: 10K, min. Power Supply:

+15V10% at 50 mA -15V10% at 50 mA plus tuning coil current requirements (see individual filter specification). For example, an F1073 filter will draw an additional 900 mA when tuned to 18 GHz. +28V: See appropriate filter specification.
Start Frequency
Below 1 GHz 0 dBm CW Above 1 GHz +10 dBm
Maximum RF Power Without Damage: 1 Watt Heaters: To minimize fluctuations in

tuned frequency with changes in ambient temperature the YIG spheres are stabilized by internal, self-regulating heaters. The current drawn by these heaters varies with the number of stages and the temperature. Note that there is an initial current surge when power is first applied to the heaters which rapidly decays to a steady state.
Connector: See appropriate outline drawing.
Digital Driver: Tuning Input:
12-Bit TTL (All 0s = Low-end frequency, All 1s = High-end frequency)
Latch (Optional):
+28 VDC Nominal

2-Stage 0.6 A 75 mA 4-Stage 1.2 A 100 mA 6-Stage & Greater 1.8 A 200 mA
Level Triggered (0 = Transparent, 1 = Latched). Tuning Load: 1 TTL Load
Heater Current Surge (max) At Turn-on 25C Steady State
Power Supply:
+15V10% at 50 mA -15V10% at 50 mA plus tuning coil current requirements (see individual filter specification). For example, an F1073 filter will draw an additional 900 mA when tuned to 18 GHz. +5V at 30 mA +28V: See appropriate filter specification.
RF Connectors: Type SMA-Female Tuning & Heater Terminals: Solder Pins or Operating Temperature:
Multi-pin Connector (see outline drawings) Commercial Units: 0C to +60C MIL Units: -55C to +85C
Connector: See appropriate outline drawing Note that various driver options are available for Teledyne filters. Options include 12V bias, positive or negative drivers (coil current drawn from the positive or negative supply), and various outline configurations. Please consult factory for details.
Screening Levels: See page 8
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Band-Reject Filters
Introduction
Teledyne band-reject filters are designed for high performance, producibility, and maximum reliability in military or commercial systems. Using recent breakthroughs in BRF technology, the overall notch depth and rejection BW is increased while maintaining a minimum 3 dB bandwidth. With a nominal filter skirt selectivity of up to 96 dB/octave, a 16stage band-reject filter allows the system designer to notch out an undesired signal while sacrificing the smallest possible system operational bandwidth. Standard designs with 10-, 12-, and 16-stages are available in 1.4-inch and 1.7-inch packages. Depending on customer requirements, Teledyne band-reject filters are available as a stand-alone filter, filter with analog or digitally tuned, 12-bit driver. Closed-loop band-reject filters are also available for signal suppression applications. filter designs are fully characterized via analysis and computer modeling, and then properly implemented. The result is a band-reject filter that exhibits high performance and reliability, and is inherently producible. For notch filters with drivers, each Teledyne driver is individually matched to its specific filter using computer-selected resistors to minimize the effects of driver drift over time. Together with MILspecified components, the Teledyne driver has been optimized to insure long-term reliability and operation with a band-reject filter, in any environment, military or commercial.
Technical Discussion
YIG-tuned band-reject filter bandwidths are inherently frequency dependent, since the equivalent circuit can be modeled as a set of parallel resonant circuits separated by quarter-wavelength impedance inverters. As such, the filter design can only be optimized for a single frequency, typically at the mid-point of the tuning range. In addition, the individual YIG sphere coupling bandwidths are proportional to tuned frequency. The net effect of both factors is that, unlike the bandpass filter, whose bandwidth is essentially constant with frequency, a YIG-tuned notch filter will have a bandwidth which is approximately proportional to frequency. As a result, to produce a notch filter with the ideal characteristics of maximum rejection BW and notch depth, and minimum values of 3 dB BW, VSWR, insertion loss, and spurious, Teledyne
Teledyne band-reject filters are available as a stand-alone filter, filter with analog or digitally tuned, 12-bit driver. Closed-loop band-reject filters are also available for signal suppression applications.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Advanced Band-Reject Filter Technology

Teledyne has developed an Advanced Technology line of band-reject filters that breaks through conventional size, specification, and reliability barriers. These band-reject filters (BRFs) are smaller, lighter, more reliable, and can meet extremely deep and wide notch bandwidth specifications while maintaining a narrow 3 dB bandwidth. While enjoying the deeper notch and wider notch bandwidth benefits of 10-, 12-, and 16-stage designs, spurious levels are reduced to levels far below those of typical 4- to 8-stage designs. As a result, greater selectivity is achieved with significantly reduced spurious levels, on the order of 2 dB (versus conventional spurious levels of 4 to 5 dB). This reduction in spurious and increase in selectivity, notch depth, and notch bandwidth was accomplished with an overall decrease in the filter magnetic shell size, to a 1.4-inch cube. These breakthroughs in BRF technology have resulted in the first production design of a wideband notch filter that tunes the entire 4-18 GHz range, in a single unit. General characteristics of this advanced BRF technology include: Reduced size: 1.4 filter for 10-stage units; 1.7 for 16-stage and certain 7 & 10-stage units. Increased skirt selectivity: 60 to 96 dB/octave nominal skirt rolloff. Enhanced producibility: High production rates. Increased tuning range: 4-18 GHz in a single filter. More stages: 10- and 12-stage standard units. 16-stage for 4-18 GHz units. (sweep speed, step size, temperature variations, etc.), the filter will repeat to within 500 KHz of the initial frequency. 3. Since precise frequency set-on is achieved within the closed-loop circuitry itself, once the system processor has specified the frequency tune word, the processor can proceed to other system tasks while the filter tunes itself to precisely the correct frequency. With the closed-loop filter, the system becomes a tune and forget.
These band-reject filters are available with 12-bit digital or analog drivers, or as stand-alone units. These units are also available in closed-loop versions, both the standard analog version Ferretrac units and the latest digital closed-loop version.
Increased reliability: MTBF increases.
Closed-Loop Band-Reject Filters

In addition to the traditional open-loop band-reject filter, Teledyne has pioneered closed-loop band-reject filter technology. There are three primary advantages of a closed-loop solution for band-reject filter applications: 1. The closed-loop circuit decreases the time it takes to set on the notch filters. Set-on time is typically decreased by a factor of five, versus that of the same filter in an open loop configuration. For a 5-10 GHz closed-loop Ferretrac filter, the tuning speed for a full band 5 GHz step is on the order of 3 milliseconds, to be within 2 MHz of the final frequency. This compares to approximately 15 milliseconds for an open-loop version of the same filter. The filter is set to precisely the frequency required by the system, to within 1 MHz. Furthermore, the frequency repeatability of the filter is such that, regardless of conditions
Increased notch depth: 50 to 100 dB. Increased notch BW: 60 MHz @ 70 dB for a narrowband 12-stage unit. Decreased 3 dB BW: 100 MHz, max, for a 60 MHz notch at the 70 dB point.
2.
Decreased spurious: 2-4 dB, typical for a 12-stage filter.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Band-Reject Filter Parameters / Closed Loop BRFs

Closed-Loop Band-Reject Filters
Teledyne closed-loop tunable band-reject filters allow a narrow notch to be positioned precisely over an interfering, or receiver limiting, signal. This function is particularly useful in integrated defense electronics systems where interference from adjacent emitters such as radars and jammers (both hostile and friendly) can deny use of large segments of receiver bands needed to identify hostile threats. As with bandpass applications, closedloop technology insures that the notch is where it belongs all the time, every time. Low passband insertion loss allows cascading of band-reject filters to simultaneously notch out multiple signals without seriously degrading system performance. Since applications of this device are so varied, consult Teledyne on your special requirements. The specifications below are examples of our capabilities.
Ferretrac Band-Reject Filters

Model Frequency Range [1] BR (MHz, min) RB (dB, min) BW (MHz, max) IL (dB, max) ORS (dB, max) FT1802 1.0-2.0 5 40 125 1.5 4.0 FT1806 2.0-6.0 5 40 125 1.5 4.0 FT1807 6.0-18.0 5 40 140 1.75 4.0
[1] Passband extends from DC to maximum tuned frequency.
Enhanced BRF Set-On Performance

Positioning a relatively narrowband notch on the desired frequency is often a challenge to the system designer. Typically, a step tuned system approach is employed, but this often lengthens processing time and requires additional software capability. A faster, more accurate approach is to use the Ferretrac closedloop notch filter. Set-on time is decreased (typically by a factor of 5), the center of the notch can be locked precisely to the desired signal, and the filter itself can tune to within 500 KHz of any desired frequency, regardless of the environmental conditions or threat environment. The frequency reference signal can be taken from existing system sources, and can be operated at tuning offset of up to 300 MHz. Teledyne has just completed the design of a second-generation, closed-loop filter that offers enhanced performance, a smaller package, and is ideal for band-reject filter applications. Use of a closed-loop band-reject filter offers a system-level solution to the designers requirements.
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Band-Reject Filter
RF Parameters See Figure 14
ORS 0 dB 3dB IL
IL (Insertion Loss): The maximum loss in the passband measured

with the filter turned off or tuned out of the passband.
BW
BW (3 dB Bandwidth): The bandwidth measured 3 dB below the

insertion loss value.
RB
VSWR: Measured in the passband with the filter turned off or

tuned out of the passband frequency range.
BR
ORS (Off Resonance Spurious): The passband attenuation caused
by magnetostatic modes at frequencies offset from the desired response.

FREQ
FT
BR (Rejection Bandwidth): The minimum bandwidth required over

which the rejection must be at least rejection level, RB.
Figure 14 RF specification definitions for band-reject filters
RB (Rejection Level): The amount of attenuation, referenced to the

insertion loss, of signals within the rejection bandwidth, BR.
Low-Frequency Band-Reject Filters (7- and 16-Stage)

Model Frequency Stages BR (MHz, min) RB (dB, min) 3 dB BW (MHz, max) IL (dB, max) ORS (dB, max) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temperature Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/mA nominal) Coil Resistance (, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter with analog driver with digital driver F1300 0.5-2.0 7 3 40 150 1.5 4.0 3 5 8 12 10 4.5 40 9 11 10 F1310 2-6 16 15 40 125 1.5 4.0 6 8 8 12 20 12 90 9 11 10 F1311 2-8 16 15 40 150 1.5 4.0 8 10 10 15 20 12 90 9 11 10 F1312 2-12 16 10 40 150 1.5 4.0 10 12 2 20 20 10 100 9 11 10 F1016 0.5-1.0 7 5 40 140 1.5 4.0 3 3 6 10 10 4.5 40 9 11 10 F1302 1.0-2.0 7 5 40 140 1.5 4.0 3 4 6 10 10 4.5 40 9 11 10
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
High-Frequency Band-Reject Filters (10- and 16-Stage)

Model Frequency [1] Stages BR (MHz, min) RB (dB, min) 3 dB BW (MHz, max) IL (dB, max) ORS (dB, max) Linearity (MHz, max) Hysteresis (MHz, max) Temperature Drift (MHz, max) 0 to 60C -55 to +85C Tuning Sensitivity (MHz/mA nominal) Coil Resistance (Ohms, nominal) Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) Outline Filter with analog driver with digital driver F1323 8-18 10 35 40 150 1.50 4.0 15 15 15 25 20 8 90 8 [2] [2] F1322 6-18 10 25 40 150 1.50 4.0 20 20 15 25 20 8 90 8 [2] [2] F1321 4-18 10 10 40 150 1.50 4.0 20 25 15 25 20 8 90 8 [2] [2] F1333 8-18 16 50 40 150 1.75 4.0 15 15 15 25 20 8 120 9 [2] 10 F1332 6-18 16 40 40 150 1.75 4.0 20 20 15 25 20 8 120 9 [2] 10 F1331 4-18 16 25 40 150 1.75 4.0 20 25 15 25 20 8 120 9 [2] 10 F1330 2-18 16 8 40 200 1.75 4.0 20 25 20 30 20 8 120 9 [2] 10
1 Passband extends from DC to maximum tuned frequency 2 Consult factory
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Additional Teledyne YIG Products

INSTRUMENTATION.
Teledyne manufactures companion test equipment products utilizing closed-loop YIG filter technology. The C1001 Controller provides all operating controls and power supplies for the closedloop Ferretrac filter. Please contact the factory for details on this product. Examples of advanced YIG technology include:
16-stage Band-Reject Filter

2-18 GHz frequency coverage - in a single filter Increased notch depth Industrys smallest package size
Multi-function Filters (Single Magnet Designs)

Dual 2-stage and Dual 4-stage bandpass filters 8-stage band-reject filter with 2-stage bandpass filter 10-stage band-reject filter with 4-stage bandpass filter Dual 8-stage band-reject filter
Permanent Magnet Bias (Oscillators and Filters)

Smaller size Reduced power consumption Faster tuning speeds Low phase noise oscillators
Vibration Stabilized Designs

Reduced residual FM under vibration in oscillators Reduced additive noise in filter
7-Stage Bandpass Filter Design
New YIG Technology From Teledyne

Although YIG devices have been in use for over 30 years, Teledyne continues to advance the technology. Recent Teledyne developments include advanced broadband tunable notch filters, multi-function single-magnet filters, the use of permanent magnets to enhance YIG component performance, advanced closed-loop filter design, vibration stabilization techniques, and YIG-based instrumentation products. Teledynes capabilities are increasing rapidly, and some of the latest technology may not be included in our catalogs, so please contact the factory or our local representative for unique solutions to your most challenging systems problems.
500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth Increased selectivity and isolation
Advanced Closed-Loop Filter

Smaller size Digitally tuned
Instrumentation Products
Scalar Network Analyzer enhancements
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Outline Drawings
1.4" BANDPASS FILTER, 2/4-STAGE OUTLINE #1,(0200009-REV B)
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1. DC CONNECTION: SOLDER PINS EI-E4 2. El, E4 LABELED AT THE FACTORY, LOCATIONS MAY BE REVERSED.
CONN J1 J2 DC DC DC DC
PIN NO. SMA SMA El E2 E3 E4
FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT COIL + HEATER HEATER COIL -
1.40 [35.56] .70 [17.78]
.15 [3.81] MAX
J1 1.40 [35.56]
.70 [17.78]
J2
. XX
.38 [9.53] TYP
TOLERANCE [.76] *.03 *.005 [.127]
. XXX
INCHES [MILLIMETERS]
1.4" BANDPASS FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVER OUTLINE #2 (0200005-REV B)

LABEL AREA .12 MAX [3.0]
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1. DC CONNECTOR: ITT CANNON DE-9P (MATING CONN. DE-9S OR EQUVALENT)
.46 MAX [11.7] 2.15 [54.6]
.70 2 PL [17.8]
.90 2 PL [22.9]
1.02 [25.9]
1.62 [41.1]
.13 [3.3] .15 [3.8]
2.620 [66.55]
CONN - PIN NO. Jl SMA SMA J2 DC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DC 9
FUNCTION RF IN RF OUT +15V DC COMMON -l5V DC V TUNE N/C N/C HEATER +2BV DC HEATER RETURN N/C
#6-32 UNC-2B X .30 [7.6] DP. 4 PLACES (HELICOIL INSERT)
1.100 [27.94]
1.40 [35.6]
. XX . XXX
2.90 [73.66]
TOLERANCE [.76] *.03 *.005 [.127]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Outline Drawings
1.7" BANDPASS FILTER, 2/4-STAGE
OUTLINE #3,
(0200010-REV B)
1.70 [43.2] .85 [22] 1.70 [43.2] LABEL AREA .15 [3.8]
1.70 [43.2]
J1
J1
E1
E2
E3
E4
J2 .85 [22]
.38 [9.5] TYP
2.0" BANDPASS FILTER, 4-STAGE

OUTLINE #4,
(0200066-REV A) CONN J1 J2 DC DC DC DC PIN NO. SMA SMA E1 E2 E3 E4 FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT MAIN COIL HEATER HEATER MAIN COIL
1.7" BANDPASS FILTER, 7-STAGE

OUTLINE #5, (0200120-REV A)
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1. DC CONNECTION: SOLDER PINS, El-E4.
1.70 [43.2] .85 [21.6]
.54 [13.7] 1.70 [43.2] 1.70 [43.2]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
J1
E1 E2 E3 E4
2. El,E4 LABELED AT THE FACTORY, LOCATIONS MAY BE REVERSED. CONN J1 J2 DC DC DC DC PIN NO. SMA SMA E1 E2 E3 E4 FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT COIL + HEATER HEATER COIL -
. XX . XXX
TOLERANCE [.76] *.03 *.005 [.127]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Outline Drawings
1.7" BANDPASS FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVER OUTLINE #6, (0200091-REV 1)
J2 (RF OUTPUT) LABEL AREA CHAMFER .12 X 45 2 PLCS R .22, 2 PLCS
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1. DC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL9MOTOLB (MATING CONN. SGMC9FOT0000 OR EQUIVALENT)
.24 [6.1]
J1 (RF INPUT) .85 2 PL [22] 2 PL
J1 1.95 [49.5] 1.10 2 PL [27.9] 2 PL
J3
"A" PIN 1.07 [27.2]
CONN-PIN-FUNCTION J1SMA- RF INPUT J2SMA- RF OUTPUT A J3+ 15 V B COMMON -15 V C D HTR + E HTR F N/C N/C H J V TUNE + J3V TUNE K
2.95 [74.9]
.80 [20] #6-32 UNC-2B X .20 DP. HELICOIL INSERT 6 PLACES
2.00 [50.8]
1.500 [38.10]
1.500 [38.10] .44 [11] 2.320 [58.93]
.25 [6.3]
J2 (RF OUTPUT) LABEL AREA CHAMFER .12 X 45 2 PLCS R .22, 2 PLCS
1.7" BANDPASS FILTERW/DIGITAL DRIVER OUTLINE #7, (0200074-REV

NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1, DC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL26MOTOLB (MATING CONN. MC26FOT0000 OR EQUIVALENT)
.19 [4.83]
J1 (RF INPUT)
CONN J1 J2 J3
J3
PIN NO.SMA SMA A B C D E F H J K L M N P R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d
FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT LATCH BIT 11 BIT 12 (LSB) N/C BIT 9 BIT 10 N/C BIT 7 BIT 8 +15V BIT 5 BIT 6 COMMON BIT 3 BIT 4 -15V BIT 1 (MSB) BIT 2 N/C N/C +5V N/C N/C N/C +28V -28V RTN
.85 2 PL [22] 2 PL
MALE PIN "A" PIN
J1 1.95 [49.5] 1.10 2 PL [27.9] 2 PL
J3 2.00 [50.8]
2.08 [52.7] 3.35 [85.1]
.57 [15]
#6-32 UNC-2B X .20 DP. HELICOIL INSERT, 6 PLACES
2.00 [50.8]
1.500 [38.10]
1.500 [38.10] .44 [11] 2.760 [70.10]
.25 [6.3]
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Outline Drawings
1.4" BAND-REJECT FILTER OUTLINE #8, (0200113-REV A)
1.40 [35.6] .15 [3.8] .57 [4.3]
FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT COIL + HEATER HEATER COIL -
1.40 [35.6]
. XX
.17 TYP [4.3] LABEL AREA 4X .12 [3] X 45 CHAMFER
TOLERANCE [.76] *.03 *.005 [.127]
. XXX
.38 [9.6]
.39 [9.9]
.63 [16.0]
J1 1.40 [35.6]
J2 E1 E2 E3 E4
.70 [17.8]
1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTER OUTLINE #9,(0200114-REV 1)
1.70 [43.2]
.15 [3.8] .57 [4.3]
. XX . XXX
TOLERANCE [.76] *.03 *.005 [.127]
FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT COIL + HEATER HEATER COIL 1.70 [43.2]
.17 TYP [4.3] LABEL AREA 4X .12 [3] X 45 CHAMFER
.38 [9.6]
.54 [13.7]
.63 [16.0]
J1 1.70 [43.2]
J2
E1E2 E3 E4
.85 [21.6]
1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTER W/DIGITAL DRIVER OUTLINE #10, (0200115-REV 1)

CHAMFER .12 X 45 2 PLCS R .22, 2 PLCS
.23 TYP. [5.7]
MODEL # FDXXXX S/N: XXXX D/C: YYWW
IDENT LABEL
CONN J1 J2 J3
.19 [4.83]
.54 TYP. [14]
.63 TYP. [16]
FEMALE PIN "A" PIN
J1 1.95 [49.5] 1.10 TYP. [27.9]
J2
P1 2.00 [50.8]
2.08 [52.7]
.57 [15]
J3
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) DC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL26MOTOLB (MATING CONN. OR EQUIVALENT) PIN NO.- FUNCTION SMA RF INPUT SMA RF OUTPUT A LATCH B BIT 11 C BIT 12 (LSB) D N/C E BIT 9 F BIT 10 H N/C J BIT 7 K BIT 8 L +15V M BIT 5 N BIT 6 P COMMON R BIT 3 S BIT 4 T -15V U BIT 1 (MSB) V BIT 2 W N/C X N/C Y +5V TOLERANCE Z N/C [.76] *.03 . XX a N/C b N/C . XXX *.005 [.127] c +28V INCHES [MILLIMETERS] d -28V RTN
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
Outline Drawings
1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVER OUTLINE #11,(0200182-REV 1)
CONN-PIN-FUNCTION J1SMA- RF INPUT J2SMA- RF OUTPUT A J3+ 15 V B COMMON -15 V C D HTR + E HTR F N/C N/C H J V TUNE + J3V TUNE K
CHAMFER .12 X 45 2 PLCS LABEL AREA R .22, 2 PLCS
.23 [5.7]
.24 [6.1]
.54 [13.7]
.62 [15.7]
.80 [20]
J1 1.95 [49.5] 1.10 [27.9]
J2
P1
"A" PIN
1.07 [27.2]
2.95 [74.9]
FERRETRAC (CLOSED-LOOP) FILTER OUTLINE #12, (0200001-REV

2.00 [50.8] 1.875 [47.63] .12 [3.2]
#6-32 UNC-2B X .20 DP HELICOIL INSERT, 6 PLACES
1.500 [38.10]
.12 [3.2]
4 MOUNTING HOLES .156 [3.9] DIA THRU .44 [11]
1.500 [38.10] 2.320 [58.93]
.25 [6.3]
3.25 [82.5] 4.48 MAX [113.7] 3.000 [76.20]
2.75 [69.9] 3.75 MAX [95.2]
CONN J1 J2 J3
.62 [15.7]
.88 [22.3]
NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1, DC CONNECTOR: ITT CANNON DE-9P (MATING CONN. DE-9S OR EQUIVALENT)
J3
.88 [22] J1
PIN NO.SMA SMA SMA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
FUNCTION RF INPUT RF OUTPUT REF IN +15V DC GND -15V DC V TUNE SAMPLE & HOLD LOCK INDICATOR HEATER +28V HEATER RETURN (FACTORY TST PT.)
.62 [15.7]
J3
J2
2.18 [55.3] .78 [20] 1.06 [26.8]
3.05 MAX. [77.5]

TELEDYNE MICROWAVE
2.18 [55.3]
.25 [6.4]
MODEL # S/N:
D/C:
MADE IN USA
2.13 [54.0]
DC CONNECTOR TYPE DE-9P ITT CANNON OR EQUIVALENT
FERRETEC PRODUCT LABEL
TELEDYNE MICROWAVE

Microwave YIG

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Microwave YIG

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

the complete microwave solution

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Filters with Analog Drivers

Filters with Digital Drivers

Why Choose Teledyne?

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

What is a YIG Filter?

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Providing Customer Solutions

Stringent Quality Assurance

Proprietary Coupling Loop Technology

Wide Instantaneous Bandwidths

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Input / Output Coupling Coefficients

Standard Coupling Techniques New Teledyne Coupling Techniques

Temperature Compensated Magnet

Balanced Magnet Structure

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

O-Ring Seals Connector Assembly

O-Ring Seals Magnet Cup

Closed-Loop YIG Filters

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Ratio of Bandwidth to 3dB Bandwidth

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters

Closed-Loop Filter Product Line

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Closed-Loop Filter Operation

MIL Specification Devices

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters

Summary of Key Ferretrac Closed-Loop Filters

Common Magnet RF Input YIG Filter RF Output

Loop Circuit Error Signal Driver Circuit Filter Coarse Tune

Figure 6. Ferretrac Functional Block Diagram

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Figure 7. Closed-loop bandpass filter specification definitions

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Ferretrac Model Number System

MHz -160 +160 -60 +60 -300 +300 0

COMPONENT SCREENING LEVEL C COMMERCIAL M MIL

FT1101 0.5 to 2.0 +160 10 4.0 1.5 25 35 40 40 0 to 10 V

2-STAGE FT1425 2.0 to 18.0 -300 15 4.0 1.5 20 35 40 40 1.0 V/GHz

FT1046 18.0 to 26.5 -160 20 4.0 2.0 12 25 35 40 0.5 V/GHz

FT1111 0.5 to 2.0 +160 10 7.0 1.5 50 70 70 70 0 to 10 V

FT1117 20.0 to 40.0 +160 15.0 8.0 2.0 15 40 60 60 0 to 10 V

Tracking (Zero Offset) Filters *

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

Ferretrac Bandpass Filter Specifications

Offset Filters - 4-Stages

OFOISR App 06-S-1942

FTD1101 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 4.5 1.5 40 25 35 40

FTD1102 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 20 30 40

FTD1103 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 15 25 35

FTD1104 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 3.5 1.5 45 15 25 35

FTD1105 2.0 to 18.0 15.0 4.5 1.5 40 12 25 35

4-Stage Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters with +160 MHz Offsets [1]

FTD1111 0.5 to 2.0 10.0 8.0 1.5 70 50 70 70

FTD1112 2.0 to 8.0 20.0 6.0 1.5 80 40 60 70

FTD1113 6.0 to 18.0 20.0 5.5 1.5 80 30 50 70

FTD1114 8.0 to 18.0 20.0 5.5 1.5 80 30 50 70