'-7t

'{'

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it,l

'J-1

,gl ,hl
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ta?

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r-1 q-{

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r{

"lrtrrrifir*
Ui.JC{-.ASSIFIED
' ARldf SER'\IICE FOF"CES
t:

-.....F-rsa

r r':*,',.,'
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,,

Fr o.

r>

.!|i,r .::i.':,,,.;, -,,.,, ,.: (,:'

f'''" '.
.";

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\3 c.t c.
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F Detrj-ck Fredei.ick, ltrarylald

C:rn

(ffu!w--,.ffi:_
-

4' "tt

:tBPORf

.Gi
JAPA}IESE BIOINGICA], ITARFA.qE

(gU Acrr

'Bv

*# -qw
Y!:
---f

$,*

A::v'o

T" Thcnpson Lto Col", V..C.

I

ff
LTT{CLASSTFIED

3L !{ay 19d6

\o
O

\o

Ln

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:HAEUi\i{.:.I--t gSf

figS

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I

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rtr88nl&,*_
ffi-+4.--

UtICJ-;:.^3,]1iIED

EF----g

PREFJ,CE

The i-rffest5gatlon reported herein vras nade over the period

fyn Lt Jenuary 194.6 to l,t March 1946 tn accordanie vrith paragrraph 3.o Motenent Ners, Shiprrent 0O-Tolqn)-AU, letter AGPO-A-Or 2OI Thonpson, Aryo T,, (21- Dece$ber L9L6)s The Adjutant GeneraLts Offi-qer
lVashingbon 25t

D, C., dated 26 Decenrber 1945.

a)
a

s
\
Jb

rffiF

A 't t)

LjNCLASSIFIED

a'
EE:=

EAg!s gr
1O
SUMIIAffi' coNcLUsIoNs.

g9ss,ssg,s,

2"

3. ntrom 0N JAPANESE BIOISGTCAL WAnFARE (sW) ACTI\rJTI&S. Sqrplement ]. sketch of Harbin Area"
Supplenent 2,

ar Table of Organization of Ki,rantung Aflqtr Boeki l(yusui Bu. b. Ortline of Dutd-es of KwanLung Arry Boel,(i KyuEui Er.
Supplenent

J,

a. b.

of Harbin Researsh l,aboratory" (lstri:.) Plan of Harbin Research leboratory, (ttitano) Go PLan of Plrrgfan (tterUo) fnstallation, (lshr t; <d., Plan of Plngfan (HeiUo) Installation. (rcttano) +-Pl_an

Ortl-ine

of lfork

Conducted by

the Pingfan Institule"

Srrpplenent le.

a, Details of I Bornb. b, Detdls of Ro Bombo e, DeNaiLs of Ha Bonrb. dn Details of U Bostb, ee Details of O1d ffpo UJi Bonb" f. Detail-s of C"a Bornb. g. Details of Tlpe 50 Uji Bomb.

l.rs:u:l$fiT'ijP

l. Dcbensj.ve irnresti-ations in botlr the offensive and defensive phases of BiT were conducted by the Japanese as a loj-litary activity' Japanese $laval interest ln B1{ appears to have been ljmited to the defensive aspects 2, Biy research and deveS-oprcent by the Japanese Atryr rras lnfluenced and directecl uainly by Lt" Gen. Shj-ro Ishjj,. Htr,ile Ishii naintalned that no official directive exj.sted for the prosecution of this activity and that lt was conclucted as a phase of uilitary preventirre nedicile, i-t is e\rident fron the progress tha,t wqs nnde that BIT research and development in aL1 its phases lvas condueted. on a large scale, and rlas officially sanctioned and supporbed by the highest niilitary authority"
n"c"ulity foid.eveloprnent of defeniive measures agaS.nst such incidents l7ere the reasons advanced by Ishii for Japanese eomnittment to BIV activitlr" Deyelopnent of BilI as an offensive yreapon Tras never contemplated, he errphasized.

3,

.Llleged acts of, BW.sabotaJe by the R:rssians and Chinese

rith

the

4, The Pi:rgfan installation, located near llarbin, Manchuria, iras the principal Blf researclr and development center. Work in this field'tras also iarried on in the Arby Medieal College in Tolgro. BIV betrg a oilitary activi-ty and highly cLassified for security reasons, civilian sclerrtists and facilities oi civilian research institutes were not utilized for this acti*
vity,
The causative agents of typhoid an'd paratyphoid fevers, cholera, dysenbery, anthrarc, glanders, plegue, tetanus and gas gangrene as lrelL as filteraUte viruses-aiA rielcettsiae were considered as possible BII agenbs., grganisns for field trlals were }ir:ited to nonpathogerdc agents and to tt''rtr agEnts-pathogenic for both nran and anfurals, E, anthracis. (anthrax) and g. mall-eonu'ces (glanders) "

5,

l,tethods of dissenination of Blf .agerlts imrestigated by the Japanese included bonbs,, arti1-lery shells, spray from airCraft, and sabotage" B11r far, the prjncipal effor$ to develop an effeciive means of dissenination of infectious agents was devoted io bo,rb development" Nine aircraft bombs had been developed and tested for this purpose by 1940" They included bonbs clesigned for ground. conta.Erlnation, production of infectious cloudg, and fragraeit"tion nunitions for production of casualties by wound infectibn"

6"

@p
ui^T

i::-i, SSIFIED

" 0n1y a felrr prellminary orperjrcents viere conducted e.rnployrng eodified arbillery shells as a BiV munition" Dissenii-nation by this means lras considered i.npractical. ?he same eonclusion tras reaehed concernj-ng aincraft spra]rs after a few preliminar]r experj-nentso
7

lJi'i:l A:51Fir,D

8. Tha Ha bonrb and the Type 50 Uji bonb were considered to be the most effective of the rnunitions developed at Pingfan, l{hile both borobs had. several major defects, Ishii believed thab, by correction of these do-fects and further improvement of these boubs by ordnance experts, they could be r.:ade into efficient B'!{ raurritions, 9, fntensification of ileasures i:r preventive rnedicine and water purificatj-on rrere considered by the Japanese as the raost effective defense against Bl'{" Fixed and r:robile epidenic prevention and lyater purification units -rrere responsj-b1e for the detection, prevention, and control of out-' breaks of infectious di-seases in the field, The MilitarX'Police (Kerapei)t j:r an ar:-'ciliary capacity, served &p orr intelligence organization for the sunreillanee of possible BlT incidents, the collection of evidence, and the
apprehensj-on

of

saboteurs

10" Wrile definite progress had been r,rade in offensive Blf developneritt at nc tirle vras Japan in a position to erploy B"\r as a practlcal vreapon"
g,Nclggls,

It is the opi:rion of the j:rvestigating officer thatl 1o The infornation regarding Japanese BIY activities obtair:ed fron prestulably independent, sources was consistent to the point v.ttere it seems that the infomants had been inst-ructed as to the arnount and nature of
infon-iation that vlas to be divulged under inte*ogation.
was presr:raably furnished from memory singe all have been destroyed in accordance tvith dj-rectives of the Japanese Arrryo Yet, some of the inforaation, especially sketches of ihe boiribs, uas in such detail- as to question the contention that all docunentar;' evi,denee had been destroyed.

record,s are

Z. All infornation
:aid to

was evident throughout the inberrogations that it was the desire of the Japanese to nini-r,iize the erbent of their activities i-n BIV; especially the effort devoted to offensive research and developnirent"

3,

1-b

4o Failure to fu11y utj-lize Japanese scientific capability by r+-str.ic'bioa of Blt research and development to the nil-itary with lack of sooperation betl'reen the nilitary serrrj-ces preeluded pr-ogress toward
developr,ient

of

Bi{

into a practical

rveapon"

UT{CI-A351FIED

r
UNCLASSTFIEq

5" Had a practieal BIV weapon been achieved., it .is urrlikel-Jr that .Iapan vould have resorbed to its use because of fear retaliation by means of chen-icaI warfare" Insofar as .coulcl be learned, riapan had no
infon;:ation of Anertcen aitivity

in BW"

iii. ;i-./.3:iFIEEl
REF-.0RT

ON J$P.A}TEqil|. BJpg)q{,C4t, I'IARFSS

ACJIIre

I.

I}MRODUCTION.

The initial irrvestigation of Japanese Biological ifarfare (Uit) was made b;r Lt" Col" tr{urray Sanders and Lt" HarrX'" Youn3s of the Chenrical lVarfare Serrrice as a part of the scientifie and intelligence suwey of Japan conducted by the Scientific and Technical Adrrisor;r Sectiont United States Army Forees, Paci.f,ic, during Septe.rrber and October Lgl+5. Rporb of thls investigation ie conta;j-ned in Volune 5, @, 'i Novc;:Ser 19&5.

activlties

$ubsequent!,g, additional personnel associeted rrith this aetivity available for interrogation and were inierrrj-ewed in Japan b1i .oersonnel from II$DIT Sectlon, G-2, Gi{Q, AI'PAC, and from the Chenical iTarfare Serrrice" The principal persons interrriewed ruere Lt" Geno Shiro Ishii and Lt. Gen, Masaji Klte:ro, forner directors of the organization responsibLe for Jcpanese biological warfare research and development.
becarae

obtairred from Gen" Ishii" 0n1";'ninor discrepancies were found tj-on ob'bajned fron persons lnterviewed individually"

This report perbains nrainl;r to the interrogation of Gen" Ishii and to the infornation obtained from him" Interogation of Gen" Kitano and other Dersons did not add to tkr-is inforration but eonfirned, in general, that

in lhe informa:

this field

No documentary evidence of Japanese research and developnent i-n l',ras found during the course of the investigatj.on" AlL persons intervielyed wore consistent in their statenpnts that such records had been destruyed, because of their top secret classifieation, in aceordance trith exisling 3::n; directives. The infornetion obtained lvas, therefore, presuiilably from the memory of those inter"v'iewed,

vier,ls lvere conductedo

Lt" Gen, Shlro lshui, under vrhose influenee biological lvarfare research i;as initiated and prosecuted in Japan, became available for interrs* gation in To\ro on 17 January !946, His rvhereabouts since the cessation of hostilities had been unknor,rn until CIC sources loeated idr.r in seclusion at Lris country home in Chiba prefecture. Upon request frorr the Count,er lntelllgence Corps, GHQ, AFFAC, to the Jepenese Crovernnent, Ishii nas ret'rrned to his residence in Tolcyo. Ishii, sufferirg from chronic cholecystitj-s and clysentery, vras pernritted to remain at his Tolg'o resi.dence irhere aIL j-riter-

lvas conducted at intenrals over the period fior.r 22 .iantary +.o 25 FebrierS' L946 by direct intervievrs through i-nterpreters and by means of.questiqnnairei.. On the subject of Bli research and develbpment, Ishiie si r&pli,esito'q{restion5 yrefb, gubided, concise and olten evasiveo On the subject. ol preventive nedj,eal repearehl water supp1},y and,putEfieation, Ishii spoti frbely" It was apparent thioughout the interrrj-ews that he desired

Interogation of Ishii

Ui,;:LA55JFIED
-'l* .H=**"=_ l:

ui'ul-I5ffiieu
to
the activities pertaining tc prer"entive nedicine, rvater. purificati-on and supply, and to nirann-rze the rilV- aspeets of the organizati-on he direci;ed; The Kwantung Arury Boeki l!rusui glu+i.
em;chasize

-'-

2" pnRsoulli- 1Ni_!sJJI4p,l:

Born; 25 June 1892.
Decs;i.ier L92At

usglR_r qg r&., .qm!"_sglry, JsHrg"

Jn response to a request for hls perscnal hisi;ory and r:lilitary epez'ience, Gen" Isl:ii gave the following inforr,ration;
'Gra<iueleC

froa the tr;ledical lepari:ment of lnperial U:dversity"

19.s1.

20 Jantrary L92T - 9 Apnil 1921: lf-l]-itar;' treiniag as a probationalOfficer, Jrd Infantr;r Regimeni, Irperial. Qrard Dirrision.
Q
Anr.-i

1.

1921: '

Surgeon--lst Lieubenant a.r,tached Guarci lrrfantry"

Toiqro

to 3rd Irqoerial

1 August aj22z Attached i;o

1st Arr:;' Hospir;al.

20 Jrugust L92l+t Surgeon-Captai-n.

* April 1926t Post graduate s'budies in bacieriology, serology, preventive i:redigine and pathologr at Kyoto ftperial University. 1 April L9262 At'bached to K3roto Army Hospital" April- L928 - April 1930: 'rTenl abroad for a tour of inspeetion and studSr visiting Sirgacore, Ce;riong, E;i?t, Greece, Turkey-, Ital;r, France, Switzerland, Gern''.an:',
Apri.l
LgZ+

Ausbra.lial liungarX., Czechoslovakia, ggliiums Holla.nd, Deru;.rk, Sneden, ldorray, Flnland, Foland., Soviet Rr:ssia, Esi;otlia, I,ai,via, East Pr.rssia, The United Sta'i;es, Canada and Ha-'vaii.

Augrist i-930; Surgeon-{iajon Instruetor

at the

Arnry Medica3- Co1lege"

1- August

l-935'. Surgeon--Lieutenant Colonelo

Kl','antung Azrsy Boeki Kyusu5- Bu"

1 .{ugust 19362 Chief of

1 Marsh 19381 Surgeon*Colqnel"

ffiE@

-ii;t:i .i.S:tiilD
+i- The 1:lteral- translation of Boeki K1-usui Bu Supply and Ririfica',,ion Departnrent " tt

is1

'tAnti-epidenr-ic vtrater

qffi
UNCLASSi}-IE.D

s***'i, 1e4ps

lffil":i"l'H'ffi
Cfri6f

tT$ ffffi-ffi:t1"8:""nu
Departnent

l- March f941r Surgeon-MaJor General"

f {ugust 1942t

of 1st Arnly t{edicel

Arnqy

1 August L9l+3s Xnstruetor at the

Boeki Kyusui Bu.

lledieal College"

1 March L9l+52 Surgeon*lieutenant General, Clrief of Krvantung Aroy

I
3

Dec$mber LgL,5i. lDrtered

:

the First

Reseryes"

sg,Liul,gq_ggR_J,sPAi\lIgx" Bi?

rusn{nair,Ai\gpqtr}0rus1,

Throughout the interrogations I"f,ei neintained that no official direqbive 6:cisted for irritiation and conduct of the Japanese tsi'f research anc1. develbpaent program. [shit further declared that he himse]f v{as responsibl-e for tlapanese interest j-n Bl[ and that it rTas la.rge]y under his influence that investigation of the offensive phases of BIil vras eonducted in order to prepare an adequate defense agairrst possible enerar Blrf attacku Since the rirission of the Boeki l'ryusui Bu ttas the prevention and control of epiderilic diseases and the supply of pure vrater, he reasonecl that derrelopment of i.ieasures for defense agaiirst BvtI attack.vras a logical responsibiHtt of his departrlent,o

Aceordlng.io Ishii, incidents ]eading to Japane.se investigation of poi;enij-aLities were! munerous instanses of poisonj-ng and cont,anination Of l'lells during the Sinq-Japanese conflict; 'rumoys of Srssian aetivity in the. field_ of Blil reporbs by Manchurian poil-ce of Niie ca$ture of Sov:iel spies ','rith ampules conl;aining t3rphus.. chol-era and anthrax orgb,nisns; sabotage of the Japanese Artay horse-dra",rrn transport during thd buil-d:ing of the ileianIdold<o raibray ',''ith the loss of 2r0OO horses from enthra.x; and arbicles on Biii appearing :-n foreign llterature.
Bl?

f,shii believed that i;he contamj-nati.on of yiells in the China theateir was perpetrated by Chinese guerillas under ftussian inffuence. Persorurel fron hi-s organization exanined over 11000 lvell-s following an outbreak of cholera fesulting in 61000 deaths among Japanese soldiers in the Sharghal area. 0f the wells ex-anined, three lyere found to be grossly polluied rdth cholera organismso Since the. irnrestigation was nade by conrpetent basteriologlsts and the qctual bacteria'] containers were recovered. on the scene, Ishii was conrrineed that this was a deliberate act by sabteurs and not c6ntar:ination
resulting fron natural clrainage i-nto the lvells.
i'trhen the Japanese capi;ured the i,ianking area, !sh:-i claiued. additional instanees rvere found of contanination of r,vells vtith cholera ori;anismse

ffi
'llf'''ii;iE) i"Ie11s i'oarked in Ckr"inese characters ttGood'rYaterrr vrere lvhegeas r,elLs nrarked t'Bad Tfaterrr were -found potable" articles
and

lJi :';:"

found eontanrinated

In referense to foreign fitereture on Bif, Ishii nientioned Geynran the article on rtBaeterial 'r'iarfarett by l,.,Iajor Leon A" Fox, II.C", U"So Armyo Ish:ii cons'idereC these articles to be fantastrc and not based on scientific facts,

Appreheusion of Russian aci;ivities and intent in the field of Bl'f the necessii;y. for developrrrent of defensive neasures a6ai-nst this threato as l'iell as against the nunerous Corcnrun:-st inspirecl acts of B'lrI sabotage in the Chiuese anC l,lanchurian theaters of operationr. uere the principat reasons
and

l'rarfare"
h

acitanced by Isirii for Japanese cci-nittraent io BIT ac;ivity" He repeatedly enphasized that it llas not the Japanese objective i;o develop Bl'f as an offensive li-eapon; nor had the;r ever eonter:ip1-a'Led initiati-on of this rnethod of

0!G4iE4.I9I-am4oCATIau -9f li1+-H9il{1 -IUSI*.!U. The initial agency for the prevention and control of infectjous d:iseases in the Jatrnnese Arnry lvas, according to isiriio the Deparblaent of Field Prevention of Diseases, established shortly after the Brrsso-Japanese 'r[aro The outbreak of ]the Sino-Japanese lrrfar ir:creased the field of activity of this agency until ':t erabraced an ;rrea frorir the Russooldanehurian bonder t,o the north and Hainan Island 'Lo the south" It was concerned rrith infecttous diseases prenralent in the cold northern reglons as well as rrith nunr* erous tropical maladies of the Orient. No uniform method of water purification or zupply existed in the Aruy" Soldiers liould not follorv instructions regardirE tire boiljng of drinkrrg lvaterl consequenily epiide::rics of watet* borne diseases were of frequent occurrence,

"

The ocistirrg field sanitary agency -was considered i.nadequate for the prevention and control of the infectious diseases being encountered in the d:ifferent operational areas of the Japanese Anny. Abprehension of ener.iy er,ployment of bacteria anri poison (as had. been encountered. in the poison5-irg and conta"rdnation of wells) the necessity for developnrent of eounter iileasures, further str.essed 'cithneed for reorganization of the the

field

sanitary- agencies

The Departnient of Fielci Prevention of Disease lvas inactivited and Bu rvas organized. According to Ishii, the main objective of tiris departnent was the rrprevention qf diseases coruing through yrater cham.el"rt

the noeki Kyusui

The Boeki Kyusui Bu rras cornprised of fixed and mobile units locatecl throughout the overseas theaters of operation as rvell as in Jqpan propero

{JI'JCI-A53IFi:iD

-,,-

Ut{CL.{SSiFrii.r
By ,tuly L938r five Fixed, Boeki Kyusui Bu (B[B) i-nstal-Lations rvere establlshed in the overseas theater as foLlorvs:

ae

Krvanbung Arrry BKB (Harbtn)

b"
cp
c
The

North Chjrra AW BKB (Petd:U)

Cenbral China Anny BKB (Nanldng)

d,o Southern China Afiry EltB (Canton)

$outhern Arsy BKB (Sirgapore)

fjxed BKB instaLLatlons were assigned to Anry grouls and were qrder the direct conbrol of the Arry gruup comander; ioeol Conmaniling Qeneral of the

Kvrantur:g Af;mles.

The nobtle BKB eonsisbed of Field BKB and Dirl:isionaL BiG ln the overseas theaters and Divisional BKB and Arqf Distrlct BiG Ln Japan proper. Llke the flxed installations of the lVater Supply and Purlfieation Deparbment, the nlr"rlle units were assigned to and under direct controL of thelr respective organizatlon cenmarldsys. Qy July, 1g38, eighteen (f8lDirri"ional BIG had been organlzed and vrere in operation vrith their respectlve dirisions in the field" Additional rnobile units were established ae the ephere of, actlrzity of the Japanese Arrqy inereaoedo Units of the Tfater Supplf and Prrrification DeparLroerrb were independent, of the Medi.cal Department3 the Latter departraent senning on34r in an aduisory capacity to the reepective nLlitary connanders. on r:edical natters o

5O
-

DINIES OF THE BOEI{I KTUSUI E[J'

units of the lfater Supply ard Purification

The foLlowirg duties and responsibitltieB were assigned De3nrtnent:

to the

&o Fjxed-Fl: Research in prevenbion of epidemic di-seases and vrater supplyi produetion and supply of biological producto; pmduction" repair and zupply of nraterJals and eqripnrent for epidenic preverblon end water supply; execution and guidance on measures for epl-daoic preventi.on and vrater euppLy; education in epidemic prerention and water supply; physical- and chenr-iea1 ercaud.nations; and hospitallzation and.treatnent of patients suffering from j.nfectious diseases"

b. Eield BKB: Patrrolling for preyenUion of epl.deoics end reconwater; e:ceEutiori and gutdance o-n eplderclc prevennaissanee og ;6imf tion measures; erca,nination of water and detection of polson; disinfection and ruedical examLnatlon; punification and supply of vrater; repalr of sarti* tary rrater fiJ.ters; research on epidenic prevenbion and supply of zurified watero
as had the f,le1d units aslde from reseaych and education,
tf,'i"'--- ", *5t-t-n

cc

D$rl_sl.ona]. QKB,:

Divisional unlts had the sa&e respons{bl}Lties

SiUe@"-

trolled, or when unusual diseases or incidents were encountered by the field and divisional urrits in areas for whlch they vrere responstble, persorurel and equiprenb frrlm the fjxed i nstallations vrere dispatched to deal vdth the
situatione

Ylhenever outbreaks

of

cormrunicable di.seases could

not be con-

6"
by Gen"

THE I{,{ANTUNc ART{Y BOffiI

IffuSUI

BU"

responsible, apparently, only to the Japanese High Ccmmando On natters'peritai-ning solely to preventive nedj.cine and v;ater supply and purificaiion, he was bhe subordinate to the Kwantung Anny corunander" 0n the ccnduet cf Blf activities,- Ishii evidently had a free hand" Ishii said that the subject of BIV lvas considered so highly secret that fornal repo1'fs were not subtttitted.

lshii from the ti-rne of its activation in 1935 until the close.. of ihe ware vras tlie agengy responsible for prosecution of the Japanese BIV rebearch and de.reloprrent pn:gran, Ikcept for an interyal frrrm August' I9ly2 to l.breh 1945 when Gen t{asaji lfi-t,ano relieved Ishii as Chief of the Deparbr.entr the BIV aciivities of this organization were eontrolled directly by Ishii- who vras

The Kl.rantung Arrry lTater Supply and

Purification

Departr.rent, directed

assignnent as Surgeon-{eneral of the lst Arny v;as made beca.use rrhjher-upsil did no'i: r',;ant him to continue B'rV research" In any event5 the major developments of this research had been eonpleted by the end of L9l+2t aqdr due to. Isii-lits i-nfluence, the research eonbinued, to some degree at leastr under Geno Kitano,
d. ,

In respons to a'question eoncernirg the reasons'for his-relief as of the Kvrantr:.ng organization, Ishii stated that it was for the purpose of qualifyrng hi-m for pronotj-on to Lieutenant General rlnich required fiel-d seririce duty rdth an Arn1y" He further reroarked that, in his opin:ionr his
Ch:ief
_.,--:,.3

''-:''r

Regardiqg the relationship of the Kwanturlg Army Boeki Kyusui Bu vrith the other l.rater supply and purifieation departnents and units" Ishil rvas emphatj-e in hi-s statenenbs that he lvas not the eonnander of the overrhad no knorvledge

a11BoekiKyusu-iBuorgarrizationoftheJapaneseArmyar-rd,ttreref9re.he of the actirrity of the deparbments of the other arnties"

nai-ntained that no official directive had.- been given by the that no specific appropriations had. been granted f,or Blli.,.,' tl,ork" F\rnd; nppropriated for tu""trch tn preventive-medicing'a5rd-i,{ate : .:purification wlie i:.sed for B-!{.researcfrr rinii.9g!ina.te4t"!-tiS aiv.gr'sJpqof luiras for BiT r""ur."ir to be auout I to'2 perceirt*6f th" iip'pz{;pviutidt'i .": : (Note: Frora another source it was learned that the year\. budget for pre*.' ventive i:redicine research was approxinately 6 nill5.on Yen). His esf,irnats, houever, is not in eonfor"mity with e later adnrission in uhich Ishii stated that about 20 perceni of the research was devoted to BW.

lfar Ministry

Ishii

anC

Throughout the interrogation lshii endeavored to leave the irpresBI1| research was corducted only on a very .qa1l scale and as a part of the research in preventlve medicjne and rvater purificatlon, He repeaterlly emphasized that offensive aspects of BlY were investigated for

sion that

,SE&ngk*'-

-u
--!v:!=-

fensive ueasures were necessary fron the standpoint and water purification.

the

spl-e purpose

of detenning BW potentialities in order to iearn l';hat de-

of

epidenr-ic preventi-on

A1l- persons questioned on the subject were consistent in their replies that the lhperor rvas uni-nformed of the Japanese BIT ectrvity. Ishiias response to tkre query was that ttBl'tr i.s inhumane and adrrocatin3 sueh a lirethod of lrarfare rvould defile the virbue and benevolence of the isnrporer.rr Ishij further stated that had the Snperor been inforned of this activity he lrould

have pnohibited the vrork.

phase

research and develoi:rnent in aIl its phases rvas conducted on a large sea1e, was offieialllr sanctioned, and was suptoorted b}r the highest nj-litary author'.
JU.f o

Regandless of Ishlies eonteni;j-on that Bli research was only a nj-nor of the actiyities of the Kwantung Arnry i;'gtr6r Supplj and Puriiication De.oarbuent and that it rvas conducted rithout official di:ective, from. the scope of the research and the progress that lvas nade, it is evident that Btrtr

ao
Purificatlon

Oreanization of the l(vranturyl Arsr Boeki Klrusui Bu. #

.A-s

outlined b;r Gen. .Ishii, the Kwantuqg Arm;r l'fater Supply a:rd consisted of a headquarbers and five branch depar"brnents all loca'ired in l,fanchuria" The headquarbers rras further diuided into slx sections or departneni;s designated as the Genpral Aif,airs Depeklent, F:rat Department, Secsnd Departmentl ?trird lepartrnent" Fourth Departrtei'rt Erld ,-., the ilaterials Department. lYith the exception of the Thlrd Departrrrenta r&ich -"-;vras located in Harbin, the headquarbers denartments riere located at Pir{fe (Ueibo-x-), the nain research installation aboui 24 ki-loneters south of ilirbin. (See Supplement 1)o The branch deparbr.rents vrere located at Botanko, ltinko, Solgo, Iiairaru and Daj-ren,
Depar.braent

ca1 officers, engi.neers, instructors, rnedica'] non-commlssioned officers and solciiers, fiscal persorurel and civilian employsss, (See Suppleroent 2a. far Table of 0rganization as submitted by Lt, Gen, Kitano)"

At ihe height of its activities, personnel of the Kwantwg i.-s1.r Su;pJ.y and Furification Departneni; mnrbered over 2r5A0 individr:al-s" Arqr Pergc:r::eL lncluded medieal officers, pharmacists, hygienic officers, techn-1:

b. Dglies of_lhe

Si,Iantung_A$X-Foeki &rursg!. 88"

An outline of the duties of the several headquarters sections departmenbs and branch departments of the F,vrantung organization as subor mitted by Gen" rshii is $Lven i-n supplenenb 2b? rn brief, the General Mfairs Departnent of heado,uariers vras responsible for the over-all adrrdnistration, The first Deparbnenb was eoncerned wiih fundaarental research in preventrve niedici.ne. The Second Depert*:ent v'ras concerned with epidertiological
a' :*t

-)i

In

Chinese

=the insta]*latiorr i"-3]ff-edtrPinjfanrrr the

Japanese na.i,re

is

rri{rrifs,rr

W.t
research and vns responsible for execution of neasures for prevention of epidenaics, The Third Departrnent v,aB responsible for research on matters pertairiing to rvater supply and purification, nanufacture and malntenance of water supply equipraent and execution of ri1ESErs for water suppLy and purification. The Fourbh Departroent was responsible for vaccine and senrm productlon" In addi.tion to the usual supply f\rnctions, the tr{ateiials Departnent vias responsible for the propagation and suFply of all soa1l exgreS{mental aninalsc
The various Branch Departnents rrere responeibLe for the *recution of neasures for preventlon of epidemies and the supply of purified rrater in their respective arease The Dairin Branch was also concerned with research perbalnirg to irnprovenrent of vaecines, senms and diegnostlc agenbs"

1,
The Pingfan installation of the Kwantung Boekl Kyusul Bu, located about ZL.kLJsmeLers south of Harbi:r, 1,,!anchuria, luas the prilcipal Japanese Btrl research center" i',triIe Gen, Ishii contended that the prinary purpose of' the installation ltas field preventive medicine as ii applied to the Kvrart'uung Arrri-es, it is evldent, fr"om the exbensive investjgations and developnoents that were nade in the fi.eld of Hf, that considerable effort was devoted to this latter acti'r-ity as a parb of the preventive nedieine progran and for the purposq of devel.opnenL of a BlV weapon" Constrtrrction of the installation r.las tegun about in 1937 t for by that time BIV field trials were undert'ray and the first BI'I nounitions had been develnped, A snrall fesearch laboretplg ln llarbin (See Supplements 3a and 3b for plan) was utJlized for the initial fuvestigations prior to conpletion of the Pingfan InstallstJ.on. Upon conpletion of Pingfan, the Harbin laboratory was used nainly for the narnrfacture and repair of lvater purification eguipraent" Geno Ishii had developed a diator:-ite tube-type rvater filter v'rhich was adopted by the Japanese Arry as standard eo.uipaent for field use, and facilities at the Harbin laboratory for baking the diatonj-te filters were also used for nanufaeture of the porcelai.:r cases pf th,e Uji-t3rpe BiY bonbs. An lclea of the exbent of the faclU.ties at Pingfan for prerrentive medicine and BliI research may be obtained from the sketch of the installation srrboitted by Ishii (Supplenrent 3c) " (A slcilar sketch, $upplenrent ]d, supposed\r drarrn from uemory, was obtained frouo Gen" Ifitaro) " The installation rras self-sufficient to the exbent of raising rrrost of its food requlrenents and experS.nental anfual-s" &<Lensive l-aboratories rvere provided for research, p:roduction of biol-ogical products, and for manufacture and repair of equipnent, lfithin the closely guarded walled lrctallation, a separate area rras provi-ded for plague yesearch, An attached alr base provided air traneport for persgnnel and equlpnent and aircraft for BW field tri.a].s" The install-ation conbained a sehool for instnretion of officers and enlisted personnel in field sanitation regulations, preventive nedi-cine, water prrriflcation and supply. Instmction rras by lectures, danonstrations and practical exercises.
e"SiS&ER"***,, H-"_

-8-

q!ffIflgsr.
Undoubtedly, a certain asourt of indoctri:rati,on in BlT, at least fronr the defensive standpoint, mrrst have been given the studentso This, however, lvas denied by Ishii who sai-d that BIti developnent had not reached the stage vrhere instruction of personnel in this field lras warranted" A hospital for the exaruination and treatment of Pingfan personnel and their dependenLs vras also provided, An outline of the research conducted at Pingfan vlas fur* nlshed by Ishii (Supplenrent Je).
BIT inuestigation was not conducted by a fixed group of personneL at Pingfan, Ishii said. Personnel frsm the rrarious deparbments were tenpo-' raril-y assigned to a partLcul-ar projeet or ercperLnoent, and once the project, or a particular phase of it, was cupleted the assigned personnel were dis*

reasons"

to their respective duties" Aside from a fevr key individuals, personnel assigned to a project were not fuJ-ly jlfonrted. of the nature of the work or purpose of the investigation. This procedure, Ishii adaitted, did not prcnote pregress of the work" but vas necessarTr for security
banded and returned
t

8,

oFFElisrvrt Biv

AcTIEtU,,ts.o

Bo Organisras Studied: The causative agents of t34ghoid and Paratyphoid fevers, cholera, dgrsentery, anthrax, glanders, plague, tetarnrs and gas gargrene, as well as filterable vinrses and rickettsiae were irrestigated fron'a BIT standpotnt" Organi-sms used in field triaLs with nrunitions, lshii said., i'rere U:nllecl to the noninfectious agents, B. subtilis and B. ptqqlgig-qgE, and igerrts infectious for ani-nals, n. ant[Iqgi6. Ena.@Sgyg.6p, fgbnd"TilOnly a single fiel-d erq:eri-ment had been carried out with glanders, Ishil maj-ntained" (Ihe nature of thls ocperS-nnent could not be learned)" Because of the danger of j.nfectj-on and a glanders casualty, further ercperi.raents nere
lirnjted to efforts toward dareLopraent and a curative ointrrrent" Ishii denied that field experir,rents had been carried out with B. lggl$o Fear of retroactivit; and possibS.e spread bi r^odents rrere reasons given'by Ishii for confining pLague fuwestigations to the laboratoryo
abandoned and work on

of an ircnunizing agent

this

agenb was

sate and the sanltarTr ueasures

bo

to the organisrns he qonsidered mst effective offensively, Lshii said that he couLd on3.y conjecture and that the effectiveness of a particular agent was dependent on the c}[0n being recluested

for his opinlon

as

in force in the area concetrledo

vaccine purposes vras the neans ishii for mass .o of prodrction of bacterial ager6s for 5l,r flel-d triaLs, The cabinet corp sisted of a duralrrnin boc with double doors conbaining a series of trays for surface grorvbh of organisms on olid mediun,. Ttre tra;rs could be autonati galfy layered with inedirs to a uniforn depth by sinnlf pouring the nelted medirrn throrrgh a covered opening Ln the dooro ltre trays uere iro-

A culture cabinet irnrented by

culated by a swab and the grorubh hanrested by scraping u:ith a srnall roetaL rake, For nass production, a series of 30 to 40 of the cabinets were enployed;
&iffiilhtw,'.

-9-

lyith the assLstance of technie,j-ans froin e nearby Japanese roilitary hospi-tal, Ishii gave a demorstration of the use of the cul'bure cabineto Using seven Liters of melted standard agar nedium, one cabinet was autornatically layered to a depbh of 9 niLli:rseters in eaeh tray by laying the cabinet down, pouring the medium throWh thg opening in the door and then raising the cabinet uprighto A second cabinet, inoculated rith E" Sgli beforehando uas harvested, yielding about 160 gra'ts of wet surface culture.
Use of this cabinet enabled producti.on great\r exceeding that by emploSrnent of standard laboratory apparatus" According to Ishli, the cabinet lvas develgped prinrqrily to meet the inereasing de,qnds foy various vadcines required by the Japanese Arr:j-es in tlxe field, Al ro time uere baci:eriaI agents produced and stored in quantity nor available
possS-ble

for posslble taciical

enpl-o;rment

"

e. lde-lbq{s--ef-.Digseggnatign: Methods of d.ispersion of BW agents investigatea ) bornbs; (a) arUiffer;r shellsJ (5) Cispersion b;' spray from aj-rcrafb. B;r lar the prj-ncipal efforb to develop an effective nreans of dissenination of infective agerts was denoted to Bl[ bombso A feir prelininar;r ex5nrinents were conducted ldth nodlfi-ed artlllery shel-ls and dissenination by spray fron aircraft. (1.) &gpg, By 1940, nine (9) aircrafU bonrbs designed for dissenination of bscterial agents had been developed and tested in the

shrapnel" The earliest nunitions lvere nrodj-fied chenrical warfare boutbs, Later bomb developments were of origJnal design and included porcel-ain and glass case bornbs erploded by prinacord and a gas e4puJsion spray bonb,
The bonbs, Ishii said, were all developed and nanufactured in facilities at the Pingfan installation and the laboratory in llarbin'by personnel of his organlzatlon lii-thout the assistance of regular ordnanee personnelo He adno.itted that llore progress in nunitions develolment could have been made had they had the cooperation of bomb speeialists. Borbs that lvere later nodified for Sit nunitions, explosives, and fuzes were obtained by requisition through regular supply channels" One of the nain defects of aIL the bombs deveS-oped at Pfugfsr sas the. faulQr fuzes r*rich, Ishii said, were all nndified" obsolete, artillery shel-l fuzes.
pr"oduced

field" They included bonrbs deslgned for gr"ound contanination, production of infectious clouds, and fragnentatlon muniti,ons for production of casualties through wound infec'bions caused by conta,rairsted bor:ob fragnents and

Ishii emphasized that the bonbs were exTerjmental uodels quantities suffi-cien'b only to preve their practieability and in to deternine the iireasures necessary for defense against 1lke vreapons, The follouirg borrrb production data furnished by Ishii are surprisirg in v:ierv
of his contenbionsl
.llEGilIF
r-

-1

n-

Bon&

Acproxfunat e Production

IeFt

up4e

I
Eo
Ha

OI-d Tgpe Uji rlpe to uji $pe 100 Uji

Ca
U

N!

300 300 500 200 300 500 300 50 20

t937 t937
L938 L939 L93e

19l}e19/}1 L9,i.c:i.g42
1940 L93?

'mith eirch bonb and that the renainiig bornbs rvere d.estroyed prior to the Japanose evacuation of Plngfan" Iton the fact that the first rrrrrrrition rtas developed and tested in 193?, i-t is evident that the Japanese activities ln the field of Bl[ were rve11 undernay prior to this date"

rield

triars. -" 1ffii#Uli"::S"..X#t'li,ilSll ;LH:T"i"*::i3$"il.

denied the ocistence of a trmother and daughterrr radj-o bomb and the Mark ? bord] mentioned in other reports of <Iapanese'activities". l-fiuritions developnent d:id not continue much beyord lglQt forr'by ' \ L9l+3r Ishii said, the scarcity of rnaterials began to be feIt, W Lgl&, due to'Iack of naterials and transfer of personneL to the battle fronts, the Pingfan installation had reached a t'stifled conditionrr"
The Ha bonnb and the t;pe 50 Uji bornb lrere considered btrr Ishii to be the most prornis5rg of the munltions developed at Pingfan" By ' comection of existlng defects and furbher improvement by ordnance e4petts, he felt that these truo bonbs could be made inlo efficient munitionso
lYhen questioned as to rvhere sa:rpLes of the mrnitions could be found, lshii said that all the renaining borabs ard the entlre Ptngfan instalLatS.on, along with everybtr-ing of inte'lligence value, had been destmyed prior to advance of the Russi.ans into the Harbin areao (N,cte; IFrtry Srrto the Harbjn area for the purpose of verlfication of lehlLls statsnents ryas not possible because of Russian occupation). Sinee no records" blue prints, photo3raphs or sanpl-es of the origlnel- bonrbe could be obtalned, Iehii rras .requested to flrrnlsh sketches of the nurdtlons drawn from muorlr. Reproductions of drawirrgs uade fronn sketehes of the bornbs subrdtted by Ishii are attached, (SrrppLer.rente 4a, l1b, 4e, I+d, l+er 4f, and 4g).

Ishii

At severaL points during the iubemogation, uhen pressed as the director of an organization as e:$enslve as the Kviantung An y lTater Supply and Purification Departnent whose tirne was occupled largely by aeintstratlve natters, he could not be e:pected to be fanlliar with nrinube techrdcaL detailso The detailed boob sketches and other t'echnical lnformation obtailed from Ishtir horever"

for cleta,tls, Ish1l retoried thal,

8;9*R "

-:-

-11-

ind.icale an anraz5.ng fanrillarit;r lrith detalled techrdcal data" It ]-eads one to question the contenlion that all records perbaining to Bi'[ research and devel-opnent rvere deetrpyed" In all probabilityr. mtrch of the ilforriation Ishii presented was oou:piLbd w:ith the assistance of his fonler associates at Pingfan, several of u-hom sere present ln fol1yo and rricinity at the tineo He had ample opportunit;r to consult his form&r assocj-ates sj-nce the lnterpgations lvere intermittent and muph of the i:rfornration las presented by
charbs and

written

enswers

to

questionnaires"

a capacity of 2 ttiersr-ffiperhaps the fii"st nrurrition developed for the disseni:ration of a bacterial liquid payload" Srplosion qf the bonrb head upon i-npact vrith the ground blerv out the tail lry:ith ejection of the llquid fill-, The bornb l'ras tested durj:rg L937-L938 by static and drop trials from aircraft. For the trials, the bomb was filled to about f0 per cent capacity rrith 0,1 per cent fuchsin, 2 to 5 per cenb starch solution, or noninfectious agentso A rectangular grid 1O0 x 500 nrebersl vrith either test papers or Petridishes,depend'5-rrguponthefi1f'|p1acedat'2ometeri.ntenra1s,1''as used for assessnient of dispersi'ono In rrinter, a baqlc,gnound of snow was used as a neans of evaluatirrg the effeetlve area of dispersion of the bonb contents, l{ith a wind velocity of 5 neters per second, an area of dispersion 1C-15 x L0S-150 msters resulted in case of static e:rploslon. lltren dnopped fron aireraft, the borrib buried itself before elgplodiJur reFultil in a deep fumel-shaped crater vrith lltt1e effective dispbrsion of the contents" Depth of the crater ciepended on the height of release. Dropped fron an alij.tude of 11000 meters3 a crater 0"5-1 meter in depth rezulted; froro 21000 neters a crater l-*1,,5 neters in depth resulted; a 4rQ09 met,er drop caused a,crater 2"5-3 noters in depth" Beczuse of the tendency to bury itself before detona" t5-on, its m,raJ-l capacity and large percentage of duds, the I tsotnb lr&s coosi<iere

(") I

Bomb-" The I'Bomb,

a 20kg nrpdified' gas bcr':b rrith

d unsatisfaetory and vras discarded

The Ro bonb, in size and appearallcer rras siririlar to the I borob, J6eheaa rras of noyel design eontaining front and rear comparbraerlbs. Upon conbact lvith the ground, the front coaparbnent exploded. throlving the bourb proper 10 to 15 neters into the ai-r" The rear -compartraent then exploded blorring out f,he taj-1 and ejecting the contentso The bonrb fill for the trials was the same as j:r case of the I bonb, and

(b) .&-$p,

it les tested on a sinilar grid" In static trials an area of d:ispersion 2O-3O x 200*300 meters resulted. Besults in drop trials were about the sane as lviih the I bomb, ?he percentage of duds vras greater than ln case of the I bonb, largely due to the sane defective flrzeso For the sane reasons as j-n case of the I bonb, the Ro bomb rvas not considered lvorbhy of further
i:nprover,rent and l^ras d.isearcled.

(c) Ig-Eggh,. The 40kg Ha bomb lras a fragmentation bomb destruetivEffib by projection of bomb fragnrenbs 'and shrapnel desi-gnect for contaninated lvith anthrax sporesr The bonnb 'iras Couble waLledt having a central burster tube surround,ed by an iron fragmentation wal-l- 1O mil li::reLers

f\aes and conbaining 3 ldlograns of TM in the nose and talJ' eonpartroents and ceritraL burster tube, the bonb eryloded upon i^qect acattering boub fragnenbs, shrapnel and anthrarc spores at hfub velociby J.n a horlzontaL

in thiclsxess, and a payload chamber betveen the welL and the eteEl, bonb oaseo The payLoad chanrber waE of ?0O cubic cedilneters capsctty and contained about 11500 eteel pellats to augoent the destructine effects of the bomb fragnonts. The payload S+nher and the otesl pelLete rqer"e coated w'ifh a bekelite rrarnieh to prerrent corrosion. Ared lrith nose and teil ltpact
tirection.

Field trd.als of the Ha botrb vere nade d$ing 1936 end. L939" Dye solutions and organisns were used as filL for the static teets, Size, dJ.stribubion and penetrating power of the bo,rnb f,ragents and shrapnel were determtned by usJ.ng a grd-d consisbing of uprlght board targeto eranged in coneentric circles fr"on the polnt of bonb burst, lbet ardnaLe were distributed in like pattern" In vrintero fragnentatlon dtstri.bution vras deterqnined by recovery of partLcLes from tha fmzen, icy groundo Fragaents and shrapnel were proJeeted for dLstances of 400 to 5@ nerters rv:ith a density of about one fragmenb or shrapnel per square meter wttlrln a radius of 50 meterso Bonb fragnents ard shrapnel were recovered and exa,mined for viapur?ose

bili-ty of attached organisnso Drop triels were nade from alrcraft for the of deter^ming bonb funetion ard percentage of &rds.

Additionel fragnentation sbudies ur6r lede by burylqg the bomb in sand to a depth of 5 meters. The bnb rvas then exploded ellectrtcaIl,y and the sand qcreened to esti.nrate the size of the resulting fragnento" Approxir,:ately 10 per cent of the recovered fragnents welghed fr.on L to 3 gralns, 20 per cent from 3 to J. grans, 25 per cent frrn 5 to 1O graose lO per cent fron L0 to 15 gran6, and 5 per cent wer over I'J grans.
The Ha bonb had several defects" It was considered too for rnass pr.oduction, The thln bomb case was soldered to the head andtaiL sections and would not withstand the shock of handling anil transportation" Leakage of the bacterial contenbs often occured, with danger of infection to the bonb handlers, Suspersion of the bomb in aircraft was difficrrlt beoause the shape of the bonb varied from that of standard air+craft bornbs. The heavy eplosive charge destroysd fronr f0 lo 65 p3r cerrt, of the organisns. Begardlese of lts defeets the Ha bonb rtras considered pnornising. Istrit belierred that, wlt'h comectLon of the defects and furbher
coupl-ex

mrnition,

development by bonrb experts, ttre Ha bonb could be rade l.nto an

efftsiet$

(d) SL.&EE. thE 50kg Nl bolnb was of the same generaL design as the Ha bosrb. The boff bo$r nas about IQQ tni'1.1{rneterre 1or1ger, and lt had a payload capacity of l, Liter" Ttre eplosive cherge, hovaner, w88 on1.y 5O' per cent of that used ln the He b@b, Due to the elnnl1.er eplosive charge, bacterial suirrlvaL was greater, but the penetrating force of the bonb fragmenbe and area of dLsperslon rras not e.s great. Results fron tests of the
QE D4,
ur,.

-13-

1939 were considered to be worthy of further development,

bonb

jn

ttlather

good..rr and

the bomb r''ras deened

(e) L.*gb; The Jokg u bornb was designed to spray liquids by neans of compressed air at a predeteirr:ined altitude, ?he bonrb had a detachable nose coveri:rg a spray head, It was equipped with inpact noue f\rzes, a delay tail frrze and a seLf-tj:ulng tail nechanism which operated upon release frou the airplane" Action of the self-ti-u.er allowed the eentral burster tube to mcnre forward separating the detachabl-e nose from the spray head" The forurard motion of the cenbral burster. tube also gaused release of the compressed air with sprafrng of the bomb contents through the spray head" Upon reaching the gror:nd, tire bo,lb itself exploded. Only 20 rounds of this bonb were rinnufactured, Ishii said, and no field exgerinierits ruere conducted aside from iests to deteruine borab firnction. Because of leaka;e of the contents, defective fuzesl inaccurats tining meehanism, anci becauee of its conplicated structure the U bonrb vras not considered lvorbir furbher derre3,opnrenL and lvas discarded, (f) 91a 3WLU.j.i_ F.pI" By L938, the trend in Japanese Bi; nrurritions developnent was tor.'ards boubs of simp] er deslgn, greater capacity, and reo.uirfuig a mirri-num of explosive for fragnentation and dispersion of the viable bacterial contents, This objectj-ve rras not specifically e:pressed by Istri-i but it is concluded from his criticisns of the earlier mtutitlond and froi:r a consideration of succeeding bomb developnent. From steel case bor:bs enploying a heavy charge of TIII and blaek po'r'ider, with resultant destmctj-ve effect on the payload, Lbter effort was devoted to design and developnrenb of ceranic and glass case bonbs -using primacord or pri.neeord and a ninjrar.r,r of TNT as the explosive charge.
The porcelajn case Uji bomb vras the resuLt of this trend in bor$ dwelopment. ?he original model, designated by Ishii as the rt01d T;rye Uji't bombr weighed 25 lc:Jaera^ms and had a c,apacity of appr"oxirnately i8 literso The exberior of the porcelain case contained longitudinal grooves lo accoi''srodate the explosive of 4 neters of prirnacord. The borob vlas fl-l]ed through an opening in the nose si;oppered by a netal sclelv cape A ce1.luloid fin assenbly rvas strapped to the base of the boiab. Equ-i-pped with a tlne fuze in the tail, the bornb was designed to e4plode in the air at a set altitude lvith fragraentation of the porcelain case and dispersion of the contents, The porcelai-n fragments had little penetrating force, but vrere d;ifficult to detect on the ground" The bomb was iested in L938 on a fiel.d layout much the sane as for the I, Ro, and Ha bonbs using d;re or starch solutlons and suspensions of nonpathogenic organisns" Io statie tests, ezploded at a kreight of 15 i:eters, an area of dispersion 2O-30 by 50O-6 melers resulted r,rith a lrind velocity of 5 meters per secondo In drop'testst areas of dispersion 2S-30 by 6CO-700 met,ers resulted when the bonb lv&s xplodecl at altitudes of 200 to 300 neters. Partj-cle size of the dj.ssenlnated liquid contents ranged, fron ttdroplets the size of rain drops, and larger drops <iue to aggregationr to parbicles 50 nicrons in diameter"rr

-14-

Defects of the OId Tlpe Ujl bonb were nunerousr IshiL ease rvoul-d. no'b stand rough handling. Leakage of the conteqts oe-curred at, the unLon of the netal- fi.lling plug and the porcel-ain casec lVeigh'b and djrnensions of the bor:b were not un{foru, contributing tO poor trajectory, Ihe bonb was fj.lled to ?O per cent capacity to aLloru for expansion of contents and the void space carrsed turubLlng of the bqitb, The porcel,ain fins warped during rrrann rveather adding to poor t'rajeetoryr becane brittle in cold vreather, and often becane detaehcrl ln ffight. The fuze was faulty and hejCht of burst could not be controlled wlth aryr degree of aqcuracyr Capaeily of the bonb rvas considered sati-sfactory and the detrimental effect of netal oh the bacterj-a1 contents lras elirninated by use of the porcelain case, The bornb, hoyrever, r'ras not considered worthy of firrther

said" T[e porcelain

deuelopnent" case model

nanufacturedo It had ruuch the sane defects as the 01d Type UJi bo:"b and after a fevr prelfun-inary i:rials was discarded.

of the OIA-F Uji bor,ib. Spiral instead of longitudinal grooves contained the explosive of prlnacord. 0n1y 20 r.ounds of tlrts model were

(g) 9g.@[,

The 35 ke Ga bosb was an experi.:oental glass

ln the tail set off the 4 neters of prinaeord ocploding the bomb at a hefuht of 200 to 300 netersj In case the tail ftrze and the pri.rlacord failed to function, e:rplosion of the bonb lrlth dispersion of the*contents was j.nsured '-' upon impact by the e5plbsive train in the noseo ". - u,-*.,,. Approxinately 500 rounds of this nodeL were nenufactured and 1941, and e:rbensive field trials vrere conducted during tlte period in L94O 1940 to L91,2" The bonb rvas tested by static e:rplosion and drop tests frour aircrafto Fi:r the inltiaL tests tlte bonb was filled wtth dye solution and suspensions of nonpathogenlc organisns. I.ater triaLs were conducted using a suspensi-on of anthrax spores as the payload. The buspension had a concentration of 50 to 100 milligrans of spores per cubic eenti-rneter of liquid" A field Jatrrout of test papers or Petri distres, deperuiing upon the'filI, i'las used for assessraent of dispersiono In case of the anthra:c tr5.aLs, large ani:lals including oxen, horsese goats and sheep vrere used as test anir'.:al-s, In the drop tests with a vdnd velocity of 5 nreters'per second and explosion of iihe bonrb at an altltude of 200 to 3@ metero, areas of dispbrsion la0rdO by 6OO.80O seters vere attainedo Static explosion of the bonb at a height of 15 metefs lvith the same rrind veloclty gave qn area of dispersiop approx5nately 20.-30 by 599.6Q seters" For the anthra:c trials, the borrb rvas statically

(h) Tvoe 59 U.ii FEU. The 25W, trO literse Type 50 Uji bonb l'ras an i:nproved model of the Uji series of bombs. The nose contained an impact, delay fuze anl a bursting tube rdth !00 grevns of TM" A tine ftze

-1

q-

,r{Iffif
#

ecploded at a height of 15 meters. .Arri.:ctals vrere then aLl,olyed to graze for g4e or tv$ heqg_dqlrn#t4d _qf the e4glosi-on over the eontemlnated ground. h froni airbhrarc, redulted in aLnost .?0 ggg-cent lnfection, foJ,Ic per ebnt- of the gheep.alLowed to graze over the con?f !h",}g$. and 90 tarri nated graound" $lhiLe thA type 50 Uii bonb stil-1 had some of the defects of the old nodelj it was considered nore efficient" I{ith correction of those defects and furbher developrent in the hands of experts, Ishii felt that the Type l0 Uji bonb couLd be made into an.effeetive BIY munition"
i.

(i) Tfrce 10.0-9ji ,Sonb, The 5Olqe Ttrpe 10O Uii bomb was a Larger raodel of thFTlpe 50. Thi- bou$ had a payload capacity of appruccirnately 25 liters, As:ercplosive, appro:qirlately i2 meters of pri-macord rias used, 300 rounds rvere Eanufasblfed end exbensive triaLs wdre conducted jn

mroh the sa$e fiEnner as vrith the Type 50 duni.ng the peiiod 1940 to Lgb2. Because of its size and possibility of breakage in handling, this aodeL was not consldered as praptical as the Ttrpe J0,

(2) Artillern QbeS"., Twq types of arbillery shells were irnrestigated as a means of diSslrdnation of BIV agentso A standard gas shel3-, designated as ihe rrHtt shelfl and a shrEpnel shelJ-, ths ttstr sbeJ.3., vrere tested in the deserb near Hairal-. The shells were charged lvtth dye solutions or a suspension of p, Irogg&sug ln bouillon of a concentration of 200 to 500 milljgrams per cubic centimeter, Ihe shglls vrere fired from a distance of 3ro00-neterl at a target 500 rpters squaie conp-:=-s!ing of: 1*:EE-E*r&ite test papers or Petri dishes arranged at 20 meter inteiva;i.e; For testi.o*r:"rr*. of the ttltt s]1slf, board targets arranged at inlerrrals of 20 meters over an area 5@ neters square vlere used to dete::mine trits. One of the nain objectives of the trials was to deteisine survlval of bacterla when dispersed by shelJ., Since few direct hits on the targeis were obbainedr Ishii, said, no conel.:rsive. data resulted and dissemination by this aeans v'las considered i-r-ipracticall Ishii stated that about 10 trials 0) @ in the viCi-nitt of Pilgfan for the purpose of evaLuatirg the efflciency of dlspersion of agents by spraying fron aircraft" Tire alrplane used llas equipped utth_ a conpressed air tanlc and a separate tank for the spralr liquid, Coqpressed air released into the spra3r tanli forced the spray liquid out into the air through a duct near the tail of the airplane" Solutions of dyes and suspensions of nonpathogenic organisns were used as test liquids, The *,.es eqoloyed l,rere O,l per cent solutions of fuchsin or anilln redo E" Egllilig and !, pro.disiosuq were used as test organisrcs" For detection of the colored solutions spra;red fbom the airplane, a'giid of white test papers plaeed at 50 nceber i.rrterrrals suer an area 11000 lrcters square was usedo Petri dishes with standard agar r.e&iu!o tvere arranged in like uamer for the detection of organismso Particle size and densityllere ealeulated fron the test papers by means of a scaled lense or standard test
had been nade

.IEGF*

-U-

paprs were used f,or conparison, Ttre concenbratJ.on of onganlsns resultlng lrora the spray was estLnated by e:<a&inatlon of the Petri dlshes afber irp cubation ln the leboratorg.
Releaee of the Fprsy fcron altitudes under !00 roeters B&ve dEtectable rezults, Thq dieneter of the parbiclee rezulttng fron the spray ranged fron 3 mjll{qretsrs to 50 uricrrns" llo organisrns xtere tscovered when the spray wag released frm,:altitudes over jr000 neters, ConslderabLe dlf* ficulty rrras erperienced with operatj.on of the spray meChani.sm" On one occasi6n the conpresged aLr tank buret, injuring the oporator' Aecordirg t,o Ishii, resulte fron the 6pray trlals rvere considered rlr,sattsfaetory and this raethod of di,sseqination rras concluded to be inefficienb and qf no pos-

sibLe operational rralite,

by the Jatrnnese

$ag denied..

W sive neasures that were lnsbituted for punification of uoter in the fieldo that dissenirratlon of infectious agents by saboteurs was eefi.flrsly consildered fron both the offeneive and defensive otandpint" Ishli lrtrerred that sabptage was perhaps the nost effectlte neaff, of acploJmrent of Bif. Training' gf, personnel in thls astivity, as has been menbioned ln intel.llgence reports,

(4) !g$!gre,' It is apperenb fron tbe froguent references to:oTffinatLon of welLs the eneultr, and f,r'on the exberp

b6tween 'bhe BtT-and pregenttve ruedical research eondr:sted at the Amy lfie*ical College, S.nvestj-galions that had offensive BW implications wore carri.ed on, One pha6e of, BW rasearch, $raito stated, was the search for a stabl-e poison that coul-d be used for the sabotage of foodstuffeo !!cst of this work was concentrated on the thernostabi]e rrfugU toxlnrt obtained fro the llvers of n!tsvr-f{5htt, Atte.npts were nede to concenbrate this toxi.n to a lethal dosage of I gama for mice. In a com;rarable dosage for man, it was ca1.; culated tlrat the toxln could be employed practically in sabotage activity" This degree of coneentration was not obtained, and f\rrbher efforts were interynpted by the B-29 ralds of l$ovember L9l+l+ and ceased altogether rvith destruction, by fire, of the .Aruy ltedical College ln SPrll, L9l+5.
.

',,u Ishii, rfto had been concerned with tbe Bl? research conducted at the drry Medical College in Tolgo, lshii naintained that Blf irnrestiga!*9tlg-,ejltk, lnstitution hid been Li.rnlted to defensive investigattons i-n prernei*ivtqedi" clne. However, Naito stated that drlIe there was no diEtinct demarcation

adriv*y

ro*ll-rl*t fl"3:i:"#i:nriili#:il*1"#H:f: .,

"

DEFENSIVII BllI ACTIWTIES;

cine and i'rater purification were deened to bs the rnost ef,fective defenee agalnst BIY. The widely dlstcibuted flxed and nobl,Le urrtts of the Boelcl

Ar.rgr:entation and

intensificati.on of

meaanreg

for

prneventdve iaedi-

#itrF
--1.

_lT*

lfirusui Bu were al-erbed and. responsible for the detection, prevention and corrtrol of natural outbreaks of lnfectj"ous diseases aa weLl as diseases of posslble eneny introduction" P'esearch in prerrenbive nedicine and the production of vaceines, seruns and other therapeulic agents at the Pingfan installation and at the Ary MedicaL College ryere lntensified as a neans of BW defenseo Instnretion of nredical personnel Ln preventive medicirre pertaining to the defensive aspects of BIT rras likewise an activitl. at' both institutions" by the offensive experi-neubation at Pingfan,
.As

a defense agaitst the potentialilies of

measures were dgveloped:

I*ii

said thet the follovdng

BV,l

lunltions

rerrealed

de

Pr"otection by or objectso

lying

dovrn and

takinS advantage of low ground

b, Ircn heLnets and bulletjroof Jackets" cc Rej$orced cellophane wrappers and paFer ilrappers rrarnished rrith persj-nuoon juice as a coverirg for the entjre body. g" Protective cLothing of thin, nrbberized sllk and regular
.4rry gas naskso

ec .

Pr.otective ointrqenb. Beguested for fur'tlwr infornation on protecti-ve ointnents" Ishil r"epli-ed that an ointment effective against the glanders orgarrisn had beh St*takpd-'having t'he ' -".+i'!r --:r#-' ' follovring fouruLa:
L[ercuric. o]g.tclnato. o re... o " $barche. r, o o Dr o.... t tr.'. o r.,c.
0"1
?"O

2"0 1oO Mgdicated soap"re.r ..' rt'.r.r. o.. r. r. t... r. t 1oO Gl-ycerileo..'.... lltatgro. et r tc r. r r.. r.. t t t..... tf.OOo0

Trgacanth powder'r...r.r.r..r

field disinfection carsl (1) Qal trdtt for grrcund d:isinfection" (2) C?r rrBrt for r.liciJaf,ection of pereonnel and clothirg, g, Mobile field laboratory cars for detection and diagnosis' ho Ai-rplanes for transportation of epidentological unitsr eqrripnenl and suppll-es, and for early 'i'acuation of patienbg. i, Provision of hoopitaL trains and shJ.pso ' fo
Mobile

@#
-L8-

i. ko
1o

Increased prociuction of vaccines, serurls, and o!1,-"1 therapeutic agents j-ncluiling uarfanil and penicil-Iin"
=lar15' d.lagnosis and

treattlent of infeciious diseases,

throughout the Arny.

'Enforceraent

of preventive iru:oculation

As a further defensive neasure, liaison lras niaintained ;,{';rt'reri thq Police (Kenpei) and ihe Boeki Kyusui Bu. Tn an auxiliary c3,pacityt l.Lilitary ttre rdlitary pol-iee ienred as an intelligence netl'rork for the surveillance of possibte-gif j-ncidentsn collection of evidencer and.the fPPrehension of se.b6teurs. Since the peisonnel of this organlzation had rb prrfessl-onal t:'ainin3, they were given basic instnrction in elenentary baoteriology and epicienrroiogy by personnel from the Boeki K;rusui Bu" Instruction inclucied i;he syr-q:tor',.rato1ogy of the ooxa corirmon diseases, rlanner of lheir spreadt aud er.rergency control Epasureso They ltere taught not to place undue ers' phasisS yet not to overlook seen5-ngfy unfnpgrtant rncidents. Protryt re-_ ports irere to be submiited. to their jriraediale corunncler:s trho in turn tlould -report to the headquarbers of 'bhe nearest Boeki K;'usui Bu where appropri-ate

action ',iouLd be taken,

10"

NAVTT I$IIiIRJST

IItr BiI.

baa,ieria'l bomb and to special pay for rpval persomel engaged in hazardous riuty including Bii research implied pgssibl e-ni,.v+l activity in Bl'fo l.lo evidence supporting this inclicationi-EFllouid" the existance of a naval llark ? borrrb ivas denied by all Arriiy and Narry p'ersonnel who were intervievred"
Adn" Shigetaro Shi.rud.a, Ifinlster of the Nar,ry from October 1941 to .Tuq' I9t&, lvas questioned regarding the document issued by his office lisf,ing special pay for Blr' duty. He denied naval activity in BlY and explaiped the B'rf refbrence i n the docunent as having been inserted trby perrsonnel responsible for drafting Navy regulations vdro possibly i-uagined Bt[ r;-itir an eye to the futureorr fhe referenee uay ha.ve originatedr Shi:lada saicl, iir the Offj-ee of the Sur3eon General of the NarrSr. Shjrirada considered Bif as :-nipracticable and an ineffective weapon j-n narral warfare"

It is evj-dent that no cooperation existed betvreen the Arny and i,lav;r on El[I research, Furtlienriore, no suidence lras found that independent research in tiris field r'ias Qond'ucted by the I'laq'" shi:'radals statertei:ts indicate that the Japanese I'larry a.t least had an inLerest in B'!Y froil the clefensive standpoint, and that liaison i-n this phase of B,I na)r hslrs e:listed
be'',lieen

the Surgeons General of the Arrry and i'lar4y'

"ffiffiSnF

-1 Q-

ll-u

ruASONS FOR LACK

0F PIUC|{ISS IN OFFillISM

BW

Dillfdfi,Onill\n.

Regardless of the intensive offensirie BIV investigations conclucted al the Pingfan installa',;ion, at no tjme lvas Japan prepared to ennploy BiT as a practical lveapon. Reasons given by Ishii for l-ack of pnrgress in offensiye BII developnrent were, in substanee, the following: 3o The prinary r,rotive forl Japanese BIV research vras defensive. b, No offlcial directive existed for BIV research, consequent\r,

the neeessarXr grrt 4se persorulel and eqtripment were not avail*
ableo

co

technical persorurel. Only meager co[pe!'],s&available for casualties from BlY researcho This field ves, therefore, not attractive to qualified investiLack

tion

of

conrpetenb

'aras

gatorso

do Scienbific advisory
sultation
because
ee
4 Io

of the lack of conpeten{ persolbel"

cor,iuri-t'i;ees were

not available for con-

of essential l:aterials in Japan" l,aek of support by the lligh Cor.urrand, The jmportance of seience lvas not recogrtized" They (personnel in high cor'.mand) were 4ot capq_bIe of impartial Judgnent and did not respect icieirtjstEl .therefore, nisapprehension and superstition prevailed over scientific faetso
Lack
Anti-.espionege was i:rpossible and Japan feared qF
BW,

B, 12"

retaliation.
by

PRACTICABJT,ITY

others lrere3

Conclusions as

to the praeti,cabllity of of

Bl'f e:qpressed

Ishii
to

and

a, bo

The practicability be demonstrated.

Because

BiI as an offensive rveapon renpins

do

tial con*itions necessary for the successf\rl initiation of an epiderrr-ic, the effective eroployrnent of BVli on a large scale is doubtful, BW might be. effegtive on a mal3- scale as a,&eans of sabotage" Dqfense against BIV i-s gnssible by developnenb of rypr.opriate measures in preventive raed:icine"

of the instabiLity of BIV ager:ts and the

meny essrl-

ffi
-20*

6"
fo

other
;

rculd not be necesgarTr in a war buios won by effective use of it couLd not be nade in d'efeatc
Use

of

$rI

weapons and

is not a decj-sive an awiliarTr weaponc

BIV

'weapon,

at the tnost, it could be bui

-6rfs
-21-

.t

rj

r
i,

(_,,

,tl

'

z o
G

!o

FI

o a. k/ 2I

4 o
F t tt

SUPPLEMENT

SKETCH OF

HARB]N AREA
DRA*il
LT. 6EiI.
FROM STETCH SLEMITTED BY

IASA.'I

TITANO

'ATE-

1-25-16

DRAYIN

BY. E. T 5.

I t

f
$rpplement 2a

Centrai Office (tteadquarters),

".oDirector - Lt" or Major General (uedtcal-) FuIL or Lt. Colonel General Affairs Section, .,. o.r.. .. 'Chief
o

c. e.. '

(Medtcat)

lst Sgctioo..r.'......rr..'.....'r.Chigf
2nd SectiQR, r . | . . c ' r . . r r ' . '
r
o

or = lfiajor General Colonel (Medical)

([tedicar) FtrIL or Lt. Colonel (Medical) e F\rIL or Lt. Colonel(Ptrar:nacologist or uedisal) Englneer or Surgeon

' r . i . . Chief

F\rII or Lt"

CoLonel

3rd Segtiollc.c.... c"t..

e'.."t.r'Clrlef

4th SegtioB..o....r..r'.....r..!rr.Chigf

Dalren Detached Office"

Branch Offices: Botanko
P;inkO
SOngO

r'.... rr.'.'Chief

Branch,.....r..re.o'c......Chief - Uaior or Lto Col-onel (uedicaL)

* MajOf of Lto ColOneI (uealcal)
-,

BfanCh.rr.e...o...oc...,.....Chief
BranCh..

..:.,., c q,. . " ", c.. r. 'Chief - - ryiol o1-ft. Colonel (Meaical) triajor or tlf" Co1on61 Khairalu Branch"..recc,ee..r..r..",Chief The personnel of the Headquarters and eaeh branch offiee is aE follons:
Persoru:el

+s$lf a

of the Headguarbers:
35 f,3
25

Phainracologisto."r',........'..... Hygienic officersct.... r . c c...about Technical officers . t '..... '..about

o

Arny SUrgoflr.cce.r..q.......r'rt..

10
5

Fj-scal offiegrs...r.'.r.o..',rr'...e Engineefs....... '. e r e.... r, '. '&bout At-y InstructoTS........t..qe..o.o. Interpretgrs'...o.........t..t..... N.CtO;....c..."'t.?r""".''about

30
3

1
l-0O

Assistant-errgineef.r'i..'.......... Medical soldiars and'other oployeeo

L50 Sons

"SENF
.

=1-

Sppplene$b 2s,
I

Persomel

of the bransh offices:

f1 L 1 tO L9
40O

Arq Srrrgpof,lro..r...f.rrr........to PharmacologiSfiot t..............trr. ilygienic officgr......'.r.......... Flscal officgrs.orr.....r.r..r e...,

lledical soldigrs't..,.r.r.rlt.e.ert Cirrj-lian fuployes.',...... r'..'r"r
l{.C;Oo.'t.....ro.t.t.......r...4b1* Assistanb-engiJteef. . .. . . . , . . . .aboui

Som

-rit*-r*;f:=ffi

l.__,--!:t -fr*

I!
t

SupPlenent 2b
orryt_qF oq

pgrgl

ousTAlrl]uJMq

Asn

Eo-trG KYUqgI sl.

Io

General Affairrs Department,.

A. B. C' D, E. F. G.

Planrnng and Control" Business Affairs.

Personnelr Intendance.

Transporbation and Conmurrication. Supenrision

of Buildings.

Medical Affairs.

II. Rirst Department. A. Investigation B.

and research w'ith regard to the pretention t'reating of various infectious diseases,

and

of all kinds. j.nnocu- :"#: :EF* Co Research relating to the impnovenent of prevenLaLive " l-ation liqui-ds, ierums for sedlcal treatnrenb, etel D, F\r,nd,aurental resbarch relative to prevention of epideuics.
Physieal and chenr-ical tests
Second Deparbnenf"

III"

Ao

Research

venLion

of

relative to the execution of

epideri-es"

neasures

for the pre-.

B" D. E.

tsrperj-ments on

naterials for the prevention of epideqics"

Co Execution of neazures for the prevenbion of epidenics.

Guj-dance

for the prevenlion of epid@ics.

and personnel connected

Rapid transpor{ation of materiaLs lrith the prevention of epidemies.

;#&n

(,

Supplenent, 2b

JV, Thitd DeParbment. A, Sqreri-uenbs relating to the improvement of water supply equiprnent, B. Execution of measures for uater supply. C. Gridanse for the supply of purifigd water. Do Manufacture and rpair of equipnent fonrater supPly'
.

E. iisinfesti-on. V"
Fourt,h Depaybnenti

et'c' Bo Culture nredieal e:'periments.

for
medical treatment,

A.

The manufacture

of preventative innoculation liqu-ids,

;

sertrms

VT,

Sfiaterials Deparbnenb

A.
Bo

Custody an{ supply of naterials for the prevention vlater supply and experiments.
Research on

preventati'e rrtedieines,

of epidemicot ; 4 .-Hs* - -: ;'*

Co. tr{anufacture

of preventative

medi-cines.

D. VII,

Pr.opagation and supply

of small anilrals for experinenbal

use,

Branch Departments.

Ao. Drecution and guidance in measures for the pregenbion of epidemics. and. rirater supply in the areas of their rsponsiblLityo

B. Ilwestigations relating to the prevenbion of epideni0s and the supply of purified yeter in the apeas of theii responsibility" C, WII"
Ao
trlinor repairs

in

epidenie prevention and vrater supply equipment.

Dairen Branch'
Research

relating to the jmpr^ovement of prerreutivo lnnocul-a.tion solutions! sel:ums for diagrnsis and treatment, etco
*-.S8CAE&,

n2-

!Supplement 2b
Bo

lfanufactur^e and supply senrm.s, etc; Research

of the

above merbj-oned sotuttons,

Co

D.

in pathogenie bacteria, Dceeubion of measures for the prevenUion of arees of their responsibility.

epidemics

in the

rc.
";r*iltF?+

-Y

N
)

ll firru! v^ccria ll tloouclror

ll ,\

_L

rorL.i roor

Lli
Plrro*

fl.o"..*o*.
r!ltl toi alttta iltat-tuat3 ttrta)

ro.^rilY

l'o"'*":.,"".:" l---l
I
I

U---L

MT tol l^rullcrura ll0 tat^ri ot trLlai. tuta3 l?!t:l

orrrrr roor

,F."".
lasalici ioor toi

-_-,_:{.+ii3Pto rror ^iD or!ttaacllot

=:groi

E
roi

rcorc^L

SUPPLEMENT 3 A
E OIVISION_
CAMP DETRICX
FREDERICX

PLAN OF HARBIN RESEARCH LABORATORY

ORAWN FROT SXETOH

LI 6EH.sHIRO

SUBIIITTED 8Y ISHII

oaTE-.4-24-16

ffi-

(..,

lEEry
Supplenent 3e oJ?rI }E.*oIlIo.RK JpNpgc q

p By r_HE

p r.lrgFAr't.

ryq

qlTutg

Io

4psEAncJi

rN qn"tiy+MTvii

i:prc{p

and paratyphoid, dJrsentery, 'Lo rmproveuenb of vaccines: Typhoidepidemic cerebrospinal nencholera, plagueo whooping cough, lngitis and gonococcus vaccines. 2o Research in Anatoxins: Gas gangrene, tetarnrs, diptheria and,

scarlet fever anatoxins.

3"

ftprover:rent of Curative Sera: Gas gangrene, tetanus, scarlet fever, erysipeLas, diptheria, Srsentery, str:eptococcusr staphlococcus, pneumonia, epidemic eerebrospinal neningitis and plague sera. lfeasures for Prromotion of the Health of soldiers: Research perbai-ning to food, rest, sleep and supply of rvater in Japanese barrackso
a

l+, 5.

Prevention of fuberculosis:

&o

Relati.onshtp betlveen foodo rest, sleep, supply calo:ies neededggege+A*ary work"

!r*rE;

of rater

and,

bo ce 6, ' '1" 8o 9.
10o

-r:4=*:r:3.'+=;n::'

Preventive inoculation.
Quaranbine and disinfection.

tr{anchurc-an

in Rickettsial and Vims Vaeeines: Typhus (R.pror,raz"Li); fever (R"nranchuriae), epldenic rrernoirtragie fivern forest tick encephalitis, rabies and snall 1nx vaccines, - Research

Vitamin Research" Eesiccation Begeareh; Methods for desiccation and storage in the dried state of prevenbive and curative sera, 4iagnostic
agents and blood plasrna. Propagation of SmalL Anj:nals rabbits and goats,
Researclr

for Research: MLce, rats,

rnarmots,

in Envirsnnrental llygiene" IL; Research in Self-Supply of Foodstuf,fs for llqbers of the Insti-tute" w" sesearch in Preventi.ve ldethods of Arrthrarc and Glanders"

=ffi, *i-

F
II.
ffi.SEARCH

grrpplement 3e

IN

UIAGNOSTICST

!'o 3,

Research

in the

Dn:nng and Supply

of Diagnostic

Agents"

2o Research in Iong Perlod Storage of Dlagnostlc Sera in

Dried Sbate.

the

Diagnostie Allergic Antigens: fuberculin, plague, tulareuS-a, Dis!: and Schick test antJ,gens.

l+, Serologlcal Id,entifrcation, 5. Methods for Dlagnosis of Anbhrax and Glandorso

III.

RESEANCH

IN

TI{ERAPEUTICS:

J.

surgical Trectlexl: llar\r o:rtirpatlon of the lynryhatlc glands in pest and anthrax,
carriergo

2o Internal

Treatment: Radlcal cure of tlphoid and paratSphoid

3. Chernical Treatnentl lfiarfanil-, sulforivanol, penieillin, ' '-,.*leo nadidalfFt=of patients with Vinrs Infections: Epidenie hemorrhagic ferrer, forest tiek encephalitis.
-!i=..!+Jk_,. .;

5, 6. 7.

Serrum

Therapyr $phoid, pest, anthroc, Srsentery.

unit

Research in Effectiveness of Dried Blood Plasrna for Fie1d Transfusionr Gffectiveness as applled to members of the and

their fanilies.

Physical Treatoent: Pnojection of J(-R4' on the spleen for serun siclcness.

8. Vaccine Therapy of lphus, 9. Treailenl of Anthroc and OLenders.

rV.
RES]il\RCH

IN

FIJfi,D DISTNFffTION:

1.

ltrethods

for field

disi.nfecti-on.

2o Disl-nfecti.on

a;ents.

#!
-

-2-'

SuppLener* 3e

3, Field, dlsinfection cars for ground disinfestiono 4, Field disj.nfeetion cars for clothirg and perssnnel,
in giela gern d,etection cars. 6. Research ln prevention end. guarqntine railway trains and shlps" 7. Beeearch ln the use of afrpl,anes for disirrfection"
5o
Research

V,

NESEARCH

IN DRUES AI{D |CI{IJTfICALS: - .-l .r...

L" S;nthesis of rnarfanll ard sulforivanolo - Penicillin producti-on" 2" 3. $;rbraction of asparagin for Sautonts medlum, l+, Srbraction of vitamin C from rtYgna-hailanasu.rr 5" Use of birch oi1 .e:cbraet for insecticide, ::-.i+-- '.- 6o Slmthesis of qitanin B, and Br.
' -_.-j=..-,.:-.:.

7, 8o

Peptone researcho

Preparation of meat essence fron wild sillavorm pupae.

9o Refining of industrial arnuoniun sulphate for coneent:ration of diptheria toxin. 10, Preparati-on of pepsin and parcreatin, Lf., F!e1 for autonobiles irrn birch oif. i2. Substitute fuel fronr 3.ignite for autonobiles. 13o lfianufqcture of alcohol from lesources in lfianchuria, 74, Eli-mination of gun'-like rnatter fron cold-proof lubricati-ng oiJ(a mi;cture of beirpoil and eastorr-oil) rvhen alcohol is used as aj.rcraft oilo Preventable by using $Uft a]-;cohol, and 2Q3 gasoline, ot, 8So alcohol and 2@ pine root oiI, 15" Research in ehlorine test paper, -5!Fffi

*a'-

.GSupplemeni Je

VT"
_

ffi___'!E+

RESEARCH

IN

SUBSTIflJTJS }DR CI,ryI}IES AND TCOD:

1o 2, 3o

Use

of

Ulanchurian wiLd sill';tvom

for clothing zubstitute,

Food

substitutes from Mccr,churian resourcesc

Gold s@rage

of vegetables.
vegetable feeds

l+o Edible grass as substitutes for vegetables.

5" Edible grass as substitutes for - anisals.

of onall

vrl.

3E9IASQS_IU

4Eo*sUplLX

Oe,

pururupP

$ffi:

for sanitar;r filtering apparatus. Decreasirg weight and vohrae of sanitary fiJi,ering apparatus" 3. Subsbitqtes for alrxrinrrn and iron in filtening apparatus. l+" l,[ess procluction of diatornite filtering apparatus, 5" l"{ethods for deterraination of disinfection of water in the fiellF 6. Detection of poison in rsater" Io 2,
Cold-proof eq-uipment

. '

7. 8. 9, 10. 11 *

Softening of hard water.

Fl.linnj':aflon Improvenent

of iron of

j-n water

fi-ltering tubes.

nethods

for

rpshj.qg r,vater

filtering

equ-ipnrento

of snaIl-sized filtering apparatus by dogs. Supp1y of purified water in bags d:nopped fron aircraft. a2n l,lethods for increasing capacit;' of diatoruite filtering tubes
Transporting
RSSEA"RCH

ITIII"

IN

TRAJISPOBTATION:

1" Air transport of personnel and lrateria.Ls for preventive medici.ne" 2, Eracuation.of patients with infectious diseases by airplaneo 3,
Reseerch i.n cold-proof hygiene.

(,

r''

H
Srlpplenent 3e
IXO

1o
2l
./L o
1F

Dejensive ::easures againsb eiperirilental bo:':bs nanufactured by

the institute"

,..Resuarch

in

dissenrination by spray and ureasures

for

defense.

ilguE4w:
)."
Vaccines:

Dried Yaccine.

bb Plage.vaccine. co Tlrphold and paratlphoid vaccine" d. Gas gangrene veecine. g" Tetanus vaccinel fo
Cholera vaccine.

$o llfsenter;r vaccine. ho ScerLet fever vacsine. i. lihoopi:tg cough vaccine" j, Diptheria vaccine. k, Eruptlve typht'.s vacsine. (1) Vacei-ne prepared fron eggs. (2) Vaccjne prepared, f:rcra rvhiie rat lurgs. $)
Veecj-ne prepared

fron wild squirrel lungs,

2u -@t+F-SeR: ae Gas gargrene serufl" b. Tetanus serum"

:-b
d

*5-

--

$upplenent Je

so do

Diptheni,a

set:um.

Dysentery serum.
.

Bo $breptoioccus serum.

fo Staphlococcus seru[r g. Erysipelas otrative serume ha Pneumonia curative sertm, i" Epidenlc cereo'rospinal meningitis curative senu" j. Plague curative seruro, 3"
Dias.nostic Antipens:

&o fyphoid.

bo ParatJrphoLd. cc itruptive t;4pj:us,

cLr lUDerCU-LtIIo

l+,

Diaenostid Serat

ao Diagnosti-e serun for t5rphold fever. bo Diagnostic serut for paratyphoid. co Diagnostie serlrm for all types of dysentery. - Diagnostic senm for aLL types of qholera, do Bp Di-agnostic serulr for epidenic cerebrospi-naI rniningitis" f" Diagnostic s.emm for pneunonia. g" Salmone'l'la factor serum. 5"
Mer!-gftsls

for Ri-lterine Apparatus:

ae Filtering apparatus (B)" bo Riltering apparatus (C).

#
.
*6r-

G,
Supplement 3e

co Ri-ltering appdratus (D), d. Filteri.ng apparatus parbs. Q. I'fater filtering tubes,

6. Prueq:
ae b"
Peptone.

Meat es8ence,
!

c. l,Ia;otln. d. },brfanil. , PenLcillln, f, Birch olL.

7, Bep,air 8.

of tdater Filterinn

Apparatus:
'l
"SF -:ffi'

Tentative !,Ianufacture of Bonbs:

ao I Bomb, b, Ro BoLS. go Ha Bornb. d, r f. g. h" io

Ni
U
Bomb. Bomb.

Uji BoEb (Ofa type). Uji Bosb (qrpe 5O). Uji Bonb (f!pe lOO).
Ga Bomb.

- -'l-

uNcLAsslFIE9

TYPE 12 FUZE
BRO,YN POWOER

tTNT)

SCREW ASSEMELY
POWOER

o o o
< o

PRODUGTIONI APPROXIMATELY 3OO RoutIoS IN 1957

WEIGHT: gO KG. CAPACITY,

LITERS
12

FUZE. TYPE-YEAR

TTOXA

SHUPATSUT

EXPLOSIVE' AppRox. So oRAts BLACK pouoR, 30 GRAlt|S BROfil{ POWDER (T1{T)

SUPPLEMENT

4A

BOMB

O(PERIUETTAL BOMB FOR EACTERIAL LIQUIO

ORAWN FROT SKEYCH SUEXITTED BY LT,6Et{. SHIRO rSHil

UNCLASSIFTED

FrF';ffiffiil

(*

UNCLASSIFIEU

TYPE 12 FUZE
BLACK POT'OER
POWDER (TNT)

t o
o

;
I
I

*l

I I

I I

PROoUCTIONT

too

RouNDs

llr

1937

WEIGHT; 20 KC. oAPAC|TY: e UTER9 FUZE! TYPE-YEAR 12'TOI(A 3I{UPATSU.

EXPLOSIVEI APPROX. 30 GRAT3 sLAOT PqYTDR, 40 CnAnS BRO$il POWOER (TXT)

SUPPLEMENT 4 B

RO BOMB
EXPERIMENTAL BOMB FOR EACTERIAL LIOUIO

UNCLASSIFIEP _ _" _-EEe

(^

SOLDER JOINT

st$,,:g.i-

".t

BoOSIER*w'
TYPE 12 FINE

.-.t:i;lti;{!* t;--:-,-,-

PROOUCTION, 300 ROUNOS lN 1956 WEIGHT, .o Kc. CAPACITY' ?OO CC. 8ACTERIAL FLUIO- I5OO STEEL PELLETS .TOKA SIIUNPATSU. FUZES. IYPE-YEAR 12 EXPLOSIVE, APPRox. 3 ro. aRosrl PowoER (TilT)

SUPPLEMENT

4G

HA
EXPERIMENTAL

BOMB

FMGMENTATION BOMB FOR ANTHRAX

r"'

iJi

; ::-.,',.

:':l : rI

:D
TYPE
12

IMPACT FUZE

PERFORATED SPRAY HEAD

TYPE

12

IMPACT F(,IZE

= = o
N

d ?
I

I
I

I I

t,,
:*/ :/
.i
I

I I

i
I

i
I I I I
I

PROoUoTION,

zo Rouf,Ds
KC.

ll

r93e

WEIGHTI

50

CAPAOITY: APPROXI TATELY 23 LIIERS FUZEST yEAn t2'To(A 3HupATsu'Ailo f sEcolto DELAY TAIL FUZE EXPLOSIVET aoo eRlrs Bnowx porDR (TxTl

SUPPLEMENT 4D

BOMB
T'

EXPERIMENTAL SPRAY TYPE BOME

DiAWT FNOI SKETOH TIJgXTTTEO

ffi-

PRODUGTIOiI,APPROIIilATLY 5oO RouNDs

lN

1959

WEIGHT' e5 Ks.
OAPAOITY. APPROXIXATELY

I!

LTTERS

FI,ZE'TIXE FUZE (RTOOELED FROI

OOIIPLEX R.rzE FOR ARNLLERY SHELL) D@LOSIVE. APmoxIxATELY . IETER3 PRItrAcoRo

TYPE.YEAR FIVE

SUPPLEMENT

4E

OLD TYPE UJI BOMB

PORCLAIN qPERIIIENTAL BOUA FOR BACTERIAL LIAUIO

i^-

_-"_."

J{&

J I o nF

()

.-.*r{:

PROoUCTIO!|, 60 RoUt{OS

lil

lgao

wEICHI' 36 xe.

A''iOIIIATELV I' UTEi3 TIIE FUZE (NETOOELEO IYP YErr.RV COI'PLEX FI'IE F('i ARTILLEiY3TELLI EXPLOSIVE. I+NOIIIATELY !,! IETEi3 PiIIAooto
CAPAOTYT

FT'ZE'

SUPPLEMENT

4F

GA BOMB
EXPERITIET{TAL GLASS BOME FOR EACTERIAL LIAUO
DRlilTT

?Nfl grcfl g.HIIEDBY

H*

UTiCLASgiFTET'

:,..j@1-qffnqt'1!!F
-iJi,iCLASSIFIED

r-.-

+.

)-'.+i-

TYPE-I IMPACT FUZE

( OELAY )

BRq,vN POWoER

(TNT}

cA.t80int
PORCELAIN CASE

= o o F < o

CELLULOIO FINS

IME FUZE

PIN

TYPE 50
PROoUCTION,

appioxrrarELY 600 RouNDs r9ao-rgat I{EIGHT' 25 TE. OAPACITYIAPPROXIIAIELV IO LIIERS FUZE, ilO3E FUZE-TYPE I ITPAOI TDELAYI TAIL FUZE- IIIE FUZE (RETOOELEO FRON TYPE

IEAN 5 COTPLEX FUZE FON ARTILLERY 3HELLI EXPLOSIVETAPffiOXIIATELY 4 IETER3 PRIIACORD AND 3OO BRATS TNT.

SUPPLEMENT 4G

TYPE IOO (SAilE

OESIGN)

PROoUCTION, EOo ROUNoS l94o-1942 LENGTH,APPROX. 1600 I[ WIOTH.APPROX. IOO WEIGHT. 30 XE. CAPACITYI APPROX. 2' LITENT

II.

TYPE

FUZES'

slrE

IMPROr'ED PORCELAIN EXPERIMENTAL BOMB FOR EACTERIAL LIOUID

50 UJI

BOMB tt

EXPI.oSIVEIAPPROX.

600 6RAl3 TiT.

II IETEi3

PiIIACORO AIID

oR xrN FRil SXgrcfl SUalrrED LT, GEr{. SH|RO rSXil