ERICH FROMM & Group and Mass 1. Authoritarianism. We seek to avoid freedom by fusing ourselves with others 2. .

Destructiveness They respond to a painful existence by, in a sense, eliminating themselves 3. Symbiotic families some members of the family are "swallowed up" by other members, so that they do not fully develop personalities of their own. 4. Withdrawing families. This puritanical style of family encourages the destructive escape from freedom, which is internalized until circumstances (such as war) allow its release. 5. The receptive orientation These are people who expect to get what they need. if they don't get it immediately, they wait for it. They believe that all goods and satisfactions come from outside themselves. 6. hoarding orientation They see the world as possessions and potential possessions. Even loved ones are things to possess, to keep, or to buy. 7. The marketing orientation expects to sell. Success is a matter of how well I can sell myself, package myself, advertise myself. My family, my schooling, my jobs, my clothes -- all are an advertisement, and must be "right." 8. the having mode. They focus on consuming, obtaining, possessing.... They are defined by what they have. 9. the being mode What you are is defined by your actions in this world. You live without a mask, experiencing life, relating to people, being yourself. 10. biophilous even the most miserable neurotic is at the least trying to cope with life. 11. Necrophilous the lovers of death. 12. Relatedness As human beings, we are aware of our separateness from each other, and seek to overcome it. 13. Creativity Our sense of being passive creatures. 14. Rootedness In order to manage in the difficult world of adulthood, we need to find new, boader roots. We need to discover our brotherhood (and sisterhood) with humanity. 15. A sense of identity This need is so powerful that we are sometimes driven to find it, for example by doing anything for signs of status, or by trying desperately to conform. 16. A frame of orientation we need to understand the world and our place in it. 17. Social group Consists of a determined number of members, who in order to obtain a common objective 18. Primary groups are small, members have close, personal and enduring relationships. The care for each others welfare. 19. Secondary groups Larger more temporary group that is brought together for some specific purpose or task. Relatively impersonal. 20. Mass is a conglomeration of people densely packed together who share a present feeling about something, and who act based on their feelings, rather than an objective or rational goal What is personality? 1. Personality traits. The situations in which we find ourselves can exert powerful influences on behavior, thoughts, and feelings. 2. Situationism holds that a persons behavior is mostly a function of a given situation,

not of internal traits. 3. Interactionism is a synthesis of the traditional trait view and situationism, it suggests that traits, situations, and their interactions affect thoughts, feelings and behavior. 4. Conscious normal awareness 5. Preconscious not aware of most of the time, but can easily be brought into conscious level 6. Unconscious thoughts, feelings, motivations that you cannot bring into consciousness but that influence you 7. ID: lives by the pleasure principle, wanting immediate gratification of its needs by a reduction in pain, discomfort, or tension, regardless of the consequences. 8. Superego: sense of RIGHT and WRONG 9. Ego Works hard to balance the demands of the id and superego. Works hard to balance the demands of the id and superego. 10. DENIAL- Threatening thoughts are denied outright. 11. REPRESSION- Anxiety-provoking thought, impulses, and memories are prevented from entering consciousness. 12. PROJECTION- Threatening thoughts are projected onto (attributed to ) others. 13. Defense Mechanism unconscious psychological means by which we try to prevent unacceptable thoughts or urges from reaching conscious awareness. 14. Reaction Formation Expressing exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of disturbing, unconscious impulses and desires. 15. Displacement: Substituting a less threatening object for the original object of an impulse. 16. Compensation: Being really good at something, while you are very bad at another thing. 17. Birth Order one of the environmental influences. 18. First Borns More responsible, ambitious, organized, academically successful, energetic, self-disciplined, conscientious. 19. Middle Borns Less closely identified with family 20. Later Borns Less closely identified with family