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Textile Printing
The application of color to a fabric in a design or pattern (localized dyeing) Modern printing generally incorporates one of the following techniques: Flat-bed screen printing Rotary screen printing Engraved roller printing

- Heat transfer printing

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17-2 Textile Mntlng

Types Of Printing Processes

Automatic Flat Screen Printing
A Approximately 17%of printed goods

B. Advantages 1. Largerepeats 2. Multiple strokes for pile fabrics

C. Disadvantages 1. Slow 2. No continuous patterns
Rotarv Screen Printing

k Approximately 50% of printed goods

B. Advantages 1. Fast 2. Quick changeover of patterns 3. Continuous patterns
C. Disadvantages 1. Design limitations 2. Small repeats & Engraved Roller Printing I A Approximately 26%of printed goods
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B. Advantages
1. High design capability a. Finedetail b. Multiple tones

Textile Mnnng 17-3

C. Disadvantages 1. Copper cylinders very expensive 2. Not economical for short runs 3. Requires highly skilled workers Heat TransferPrinting

k Approximately 7% of printed goods

B. Advantages 1. High quality prints 2. Fewer seconds 3. Economical for short runs 4. Practically pollution free C. Disadvantages 1. Slow 2. Primarily only for polyester

Steps In Printing Process

1. Preparation of print paste 2. Printing of fabric

3. Drying
4. Fixation of dyestuff

5. Washing - off

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Preparation Of Printing Pastes

Type of specific formulation used depends on the fiber, the colorant system used and, to some extent, the type of printing machine.

TvDicaZ Inmedients Used Include: Dyes or pigments

Thickeners Binders, cross-linking agents

. Sequestrants
Dispersing agents - surfactants Water-retaining agents (humectants) Adhesion promoters Defoamers Catalysts Hand modifiers

Flat-Bed Screen Printing

Mechanization of hand screen process Fabric glued to blanket Screens rise and fall Printing done while screen i down position n

Rod or blade squeegee system

Up to four strokes possible
Slow process

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Figure 17- 1 Flat-Bed Screen Printing

Take-up

Dryer CuringOven

PrintingArea

1 7 6 Textile Rlnting

TextpeMntlng 17-9

Rotary Screen Printing

Continuous screen printing process Fabric glued to blanket Fabric moves under rotating screens

Rod or blade squeegee system

Fine adjustments easily made Speeds up to 100 yd/min

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Figure 17-2 Rotary Screen Printing Squeegee Principle

Figure 17-3 Diagrammatic View Of A Roller-Printing System

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17-12 Textile Wntlng

Heat Transfer Printing

Advantages - Easier handling of units - Easier training of operators -Better registration and clarity - Fewer seconds - Inventory i paper n -Pollution - free Disadvantages -Slow - Limited to synthetic fibers, mainly polyester

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17-14 Textlle Mnling