Materials System Specification 09-SAMSS-089 25 October 2011Shop-Applied External FusionBonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line Pipes Document

Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards Table of Contents 1 Scope............................................................. 2 2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 3 3 References..................................................... 3 4 Materials......................................................... 5 5 Handling of Pipe Prior to Coating................... 6 6 Cleaning and Surface Preparation................. 7 7 Coating Application........................................ 8 8 Quality Requirements....................................9 9 Inspection Requirements.............................10 10 Recheck on Coating Material Quality........... 14 11 Repairs......................................................... 14 12 Pipe Storage andPreparation for Shipment...................... 16 Appendix A Qualification Procedurefor Initial Product Approval...................18 Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 2 of 22 1 Scope 1.1 This Specification, together with the Purchase Order and appropriate DataSheets, defines the minimum mandatory requirements of shop-applied, heat-cured external fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coating systems for the externalsurfaces of steel tubular products and associated fittings and couplings.1.2 Information Required in Requests for Quotation and in Purchase OrdersRequests for Quotation and Purchase Orders shall identify which of thefollowing service conditions applies for the coated products:1.2.1 Buried or immersed, with temperatures not exceeding 65C in subkhasoil or subsea, or up 93C in dry soil condition.1.2.2 Buried or immersed, with temperatures not exceeding 82C in subkhasoil or subsea.1.2.3 Buried or immersion with temperature up to 110C in subkha soil orsubsea.1.3 Information Required with the QuotationCost if burn-off is required to remove oily contaminants from the surface priorto blast cleaning. (See Paragraph 6.1)1.4 DefinitionsFor purposes of this specification only, the following definitions apply: Approved (Pre-Qualified) Procedure: Procedure referred to in thisspecification that has been approved in writing by the RSA. Approvedprocedures do not require re-qualification in new purchase orders. Batch: The quantity of coating material produced during a continuousproduction run of not more than eight hours. Buyer: Saudi Aramco Purchasing Department Representative. Buyer's Representative: The person or persons designated by the PurchasingDepartment to monitor/enforce the contract. Normally, this is the on-siteinspector. Custom Coated Pieces:

All pieces not coated by automated in-plantequipment. Generally, anything less than a 40 foot pipe joint. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 3 of 22 Cutback: The length of pipe left uncoated at each end for joining purposes. DFT: Dry film thickness. FBE: Fusion bond epoxy coating. Manufacturer: Company manufactures the required coatings. Pipe: Steel tubular, including line pipe and OCTG casing and tubing. RSA: Responsible Standardization Agency Representative - Coating Engineerdesignated by the Manager of Consulting Services Department to act in hisbehalf. Vendor: Pipe and custom coating applicator. 2 Conflicts and Deviations 2.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable Saudi AramcoMaterials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs),Standard Drawings (SASDs) or industry standards, codes, and forms shall beresolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through theManager, Consulting Services Department.2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company orBuyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302 and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of SaudiAramco,Dhahran. 3 References Material or equipment supplied to this specification shall comply with the latest editionof the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.3.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering Procedure SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards SAES-H-002 Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelinesand Piping Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 4 of 22 SAES-H-100 Appendix I Qualification Procedure for Sand for Abrasive Blasting Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification 01-SAMSS-024 Pipe Handling and Nesting Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements

Form 175-091300 Shop-Applied External FBE Coating 3.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D714 Standard Method of Evaluating the Degree of Blistering of Paint ASTM D4060 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser ASTM G8 Test for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings ASTM G14 Test for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings ASTM G42 High temperature test for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings International Organization for Standardization ISO 8501-1/SIS Pictorial Surface Preparation Standard for Painting Steel Surfaces Swedish Standard Institute SS 05 59 00 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standard for Painting Steel Surfaces The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) SSPC PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic GagesSSPC SP 1 Solvent CleaningSSPC SP 10 Very Thorough Blast Cleaning (near white metalblast) Canadian Standards Association CAN/CSA-Z245.20 - 02 External Fusion Bond Epoxy Coating for SteelPipe Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 5 of 22 NACE International NACE PR0394 - 94 Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant-Applied Fusion Bonded Epoxy ExternalPipe Coating 4 Materials 4.1 Coating4.1.1 Material for the shop-applied external coating shall be thermosettingresin powder for application by the fusion bond process, with or withoutprimer, as tested and approved by Saudi Aramco, and applied accordingto the Manufacturer's recommendation. Use of reclaimed powder shallnot exceed the Manufacturer's recommendation. In no case shall suchuse be greater than a maximum of 10% by weight without writtenapproval from the RSA.4.1.2 The Vendor may select any of the Saudi Aramco-approved productsgiven in APCS-104 or another equal alternative agreed upon by the RSAin writing.4.1.3 Proposed alternative coating materials must proceed and pass therelevant qualification tests in Appendix A of this Specification.4.1.4 Powder coating materials (and materials used for touch-up and repairs)supplied to the Vendor shall be marked with the following information:a) The Manufacturer's nameb) The material identification numberc) The batch numberd) Date of manufacturee) The shelf life (or expire date)4.1.5 The Vendor shall retain samples of each powder batch for a period of 1 year. The sample shall be of sufficient size for the following tests, if required:a) Instrumental Analyses, IR and DTAb) Gel Timec) Moisture Contentd) Bend tests Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 6 of 22 e) Cathodic disbonding tests4.1.6 Coating material shall be stored and handled in accordance with thecoating Manufacturer's recommendations.4.2 Repair MaterialsTouch-up or repair shall be made with FBE or other Saudi Aramco approvedmaterials tested in accordance with, and meeting the requirements for adhesion,hardness, and

cathodic disbonding performance in Appendix A of thisspecification. Touch-up material shall also be approved by the Manufacturer.4.3 Blast Abrasives4.3.1 Material for blast cleaning shall be steel grit or other abrasives that containless than 100 ppm sulfates, and chlorides, less than 2% carbonates, and of a particle size that will produce a clean angular surface profile as specifiedin paragraphs 6.3 and 6.4. The abrasives shall be stored in a dry conditionand maintained dry during use. Sand is prohibited and shall not be used asanabrasiveinaccordancewith SAES-H-100. 4.3.2 The Vendor shall furnish a chemical analysis for all batches of abrasivesto verify that carbonates, chlorides, and sulfates do not exceed the limitsin paragraph 4.3.1. 5 Handling of Pipe Prior to Coating 5.1 Proper equipment for handling, unloading and temporary storage of bare pipeshall be used to avoid any damage to bare pipe, pipe ends or obliteration of necessary pipe markings.5.2 The Vendor shall take special care to avoid damage to any internal coatingsduring all phases of the external coating process and to avoid corrosion damageto bare steel surfaces during storage.5.3 The stacking height of bare pipe shall be limited by the requirements of 01-SAMSS-024. 5.4 Pipe or fittings received in a damaged condition or showing serious defects thatmay impair the coating, such as extensive laminations, burrs, gouges, metal sliversor cold laps, shall be reported to the Buyer's Representative for disposition.The Vendor shall determine final disposition due to the surface coat ability.5.5 Vendor shall have an approved procedure (see paragraph 1.4) for handling,loading, unloading, storage and preparation for shipment for pipe and fittingsprior to coating. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 7 of 22 6 Cleaning and Surface Preparation 6.1 Prior to abrasive cleaning, all oil, grease and other deleterious materials shall beremoved by solvent cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP 1 or by detergentwashing or steam cleaning. No residue that will affect adhesion shall be left onthe surface.Oven burn-off at a temperature of 370-400C may also be employed, if, in theopinion of the Vendor, this is the only satisfactory method of ensuring that thesteel is free of oily contaminants. The reported oily contamination shall beinvestigated and confirmed by the Buyer's Representative and written approvalshall be obtained from the Buyer prior to burn-off. (See paragraph 1.3.1.)6.2 The surface temperature of pipe or fittings shall be at least 3C above thedew point before and during abrasive blasting and until start of pre-heating.If preheating is used, it shall be carried out in a uniform manner to avoiddistortion of the pipe and/or damage to any internal coating.6.3 The surface to be coated shall be abrasive cleaned to a near white metal surfacefinish equal to Sa 2-1/2 as described in ISO 8501-1/SIS SS 05 59 00 or SSPC(SP10). Any internal coating shall be protected from damage by the blastingmaterial at all times.6.4 The blast pattern shall be a uniform angular anchor profile with a height of 38 - 100 micrometers (1.5 to 4 mils).6.5 Chloride Contamination6.5.1 The blasted surface of pipes and fittings that will not be subsequentlytreated with a phosphoric acid and fresh water wash shall be tested forthe presence of residual chlorides after blasting using a test method thathas been prior-approved in writing by the RSA. Residual Chlorides shallbe no greater than 40 mg/m. Test the first pipe and/or fitting coated onany given day. After that, test one out of every 50 pipes or 50 fittings.In the event of a failure, re-test the piece. If it fails the re-test, test allpieces that were blast cleaned both before and after the contaminatedpiece until three in a row pass the test. All pieces coated since the lastgood test must be re-blasted, re-tested, and re-coated.If the phosphoric acid and fresh

water wash is permitted prior toapplication of the FBE powder. The Vendor must use an approvedprocedure (see paragraph 1.4). Pipe or fittings treated in this manner donot require testing for chloride contamination. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 8 of 22 Commentary: For high temperature FBE powder coatings application, the residual Chlorides shall be not greater than 25 mg/m. 6.6 Defect Repair and Disposition6.6.1 After abrasive cleaning and before coating, the surface to be coated shallbe carefully inspected for metal defects. The Vendor shall be responsiblefor the repair of any defects, which can be repaired by filing or grinding,and for restoring the anchor pattern at the locations of such repairs whenthesizeexceeds 75mminanydirection.Thetoolsandmanneremployedto remove metal defects shall not contaminate the surface.6.6.2 Any pipes or fittings containing surface defects that are significantlyserious or extensive that they cannot be readily repaired shall be set asidefor disposition by the Buyer's Representative.6.6.3 If these defects are significant so that the production is severelydisrupted, the coating process shall be stopped and both the Buyer andthe Buyer's Representative shall be informed. The Vendor shall advisethem of any remedial measures that could be taken to achieve anacceptable coating. The final decision, whether the affected pipe andfittings can be coated, shall be made by the Vendor after consultationwith the Buyer's Representative.6.7 Dew Point readings shall be recorded at the start and every 2 hours during theblasting operation in the immediate vicinity of the operation. Blasting andcoating operations shall be suspended if the substrate temperature is less than3C above the dew point.6.8 Any metal surface showing evidence of flash rusting shall be re-blasted prior tocoating. 7 Coating Application 7.1 The coating material shall be applied according to the Vendor's approved writtenapplication procedure (see paragraph 1.4) incorporated with the Manufacturer'srecommendations.7.2 In no case shall steel tubular products and associated fittings and couplings,which have been internally coated, be exposed to a temperature detrimental tothe internal coating.7.3 The coating dry film thickness shall be as follows: Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 9 of 22 7.3.1 350 to 525 micrometers (14 to 21 mils) for the services described inparagraph 1.2.17.3.2 575 to 750 micrometers (23 to 30 mils) for the service described inparagraph 1.2.27.3.3 575 to 750 microns (23 to 30 mils) for the service described in paragraph1.2.37.3.4 Fittings and couplings are allowed a maximum DFT of 1000 micrometers(40 mils) regardless of service.7.4 Any steel tubular products and associated fittings and couplings having less thanthe specified minimum dry film thickness shall be re-blasted and coated at nocost to Saudi Aramco.7.5 The finished coating shall have a cut back at each end in the range of 38 to65 mm measured from end of pipe, dependant on the diameter of the pipes.7.6 The cured coating shall be of uniform color and gloss, and shall be free of blisters, and fish eyes as defined in SSPC vol. 1. Cosmetic sags, runs, and othernon-injurious irregularities are acceptable as long as the area affected is less than0.5 % of the total coated area.7.7 For girth weld areas the allowable DFT shall be in the range of 400 to1000 micrometers (16 to 40 mils). Lower limit is determined by the service(see paragraph 1.2). 8 Quality Requirements

The Vendor's quality assurance system shall include, as a minimum, the following:a) Checking cleanliness of pipe immediately prior to blasting (see paragraph 6.1).b) Monitoring of size, shape, dryness and cleanliness of the blasting material andprocess (see paragraph 4.3).c) Checking visually, in good light, the surface of the pipes for metal defects, dustand surface debris (see paragraph 6.6.1).d) Checking pipe surface blast profile (see paragraph 6.4).e) Checking temperature control of the pipe surface (see paragraphs 6.2 and 7.2).f) Checking coating thickness of cured FBE (see paragraphs 7.3 and 9.3).g) Checking on the coating adhesion properties (see paragraph 9.4). Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 10 of 22 h) Holiday detection of l00% of the coated surface area of all pipes (see paragraphs9.5 and 11.4).i) Supervision of adequate and proper repair of all defects (see paragraph 11). j) Checking of coating color, appearances and uniformity (see paragraph 7.6).k) Visual examination for damage to internal coating (see paragraph 5.2).l) Cure Test - see paragraph 9.7m) Checking for residual chloride contamination (see paragraph 6.5.1). 9 Inspection Requirements 9.1 NoticeThe Vendor shall notify the Buyer's Representative not less than 5 days inadvance of the start of each production run. The Vendor shall provide theBuyer's Representative with a detailed time schedule to permit him to witness ormonitor all processing and testing phases.9.2 Responsibility for Inspection9.2.1 The Vendor shall be responsible for all quality control checkingincluding visual inspection, thickness measurements, and holiday testing,and shall keep records on the results of all such inspections in a formsuitable to the Buyer's Representative.9.2.2 The Buyer's Representative shall have access to each part of the process,and shall have the right and opportunity to witness or monitor any of thequality control tests and/or perform such tests himself on a randomsampling basis.9.2.3 The Buyer's Representative shall have the right to halt this work pendingalterations or corrections to the process to correct all faults found in thework that result in failure to conform to this specification.9.3 Coating Thickness TestEvery pipe and spool piece shall be checked in accordance with SSPC (PA-2) inat least five (5) equidistant places. Loose fittings shall be checked in at least5 locations. All coating thickness measurements shall be made using anon-destructive type of thickness gauge, which has been calibrated as requiredin paragraph 9.8.1. All results shall be as specified in paragraph 7.3 of thisSpecification, and shall be recorded. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 11 of 22 Exception: Except that fittings 6-inch and smaller shall be checked in at least 3 locations. 9.4 Adhesion TestThe adhesion of the coating shall be determined at one location on a pipe foreach of the following cases:a) The first production joint,b) The first joint after any interruption in production andc) Once every hour or twenty pipe lengths, whichever is more frequent.If 3 tests have been successful, the frequency may be reduced to once every2 hours or 50 pipe lengths, whichever is sooner. Custom coated pieces shallhave one sample per production lot subjected to this test. Failure of the test shallrequire lot narrowing by testing the pipes/fittings until three in a row (coatedboth before and after the piece that failed) show satisfactory adhesion. A lot isdefined as one shift's production, except in the case of custom coated pieceswhere a lot is defined as any number of pieces

processed through the customcoating oven at the same time.9.4.1 Test Procedure9.4.1.1 With a sharp narrow bladed knife, two incisions(approximately 13 mm long) shall be made, in the form of anX, through to the metal substrate.9.4.1.2 At the intersection of the X, an attempt shall be made to forcethe coating from the steel substrate with the knife point.The point of the knife shall be inserted horizontally i.e., the flatof the blade under the coating at the point of intersection of theX such that the blade point is on the metal surface. Using alevering action, the flat point shall be forced away from the steelin an attempt to pry off the coating. Refusal of the coating todisbond from the substrate shall be recorded as a pass. A passshall also be recorded where the coating fails cohesively. Partialor complete adhesive failure between the coating and thesubstrate shall be recorded as a failure. Disbondment at thepoint of the intersection is common due to the action of markingthe 'X' cut. Therefore, for 1 mm away from the tip of theintersection any disbondment shall be ignored.9.4.1.3 The pipe or fitting shall be allowed to cool to below 80C priorto conducting the adhesion test. Failure of the test shall require Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 12 of 22 each piece coated on that day to be subjected to the test until atotal of three tests in a row (three done both before and afterthe piece which failed) are satisfactory.9.5 Holiday Detection9.5.1 l00% of the coated pipe or fittings surface area shall be holiday detectedwith a hot spark pulse-type DC detector employing an audible signalingdevice. The electrode used for locating holidays shall be designed toensure direct contact with the coating, (with no visible gaps). Holidaydetection shall not be conducted if the surface temperature of the pipe isabove 80C.9.5.2 Travel rate of the detectors electrode shall not exceed 75 cm/s and shallnot be allowed to remain stationary while the power is on.9.5.3 Holiday test voltage shall be 125 volts DC per 25 micrometers (0.001 in)of maximum coating thickness. However, to eliminate the need forcontinual adjustment during shop production, a maximum voltage of 2400 volts 50 volts may be used for the coating thickness range 350 to750 micrometers (14 to 30 mils). Holidays shall be clearly marked forrepair.9.6 Bend Test9.6.1 Once per shift or every one hundred pipe lengths (whichever is the morefrequent) and at the start of using a new batch of powder the flexibility of the coating shall be determined by a bend test. The powder utilized forthe test shall be taken from the plant application fluid bed. (Bend testingis not required for custom coated fittings.)9.6.2 Two test bars measuring approximately 25 mm x 192 mm x 9.5 mm shallbe coated at a dry film thickness of 425 - 525 micrometers (17 - 21 mils)for the services in paragraph 1.2.1 and 575 - 750 micrometers (23 to30 mils) for the service in paragraph 1.2.2 and 1.2.3.9.6.3 The coating thickness shall be measured at 5 locations 25 mm apart oneach sample, and the thickness recorded. The average of these readingsshall fall in the range in 9.6.2.9.6.4 Test bars shall be holiday detected in accordance with paragraph 9.5.3 of this specification, and all holidays marked and recorded.9.6.5 Specimens shall be at a temperature of 25C 3C when clamped in thebender with the coated side up. The specimens shall be bent flatwise at60 degrees over a 25.4 mm thick shoe of the following dimensions: Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 13 of 22 - Shoe radius 95.2 mm- Chord 152 mm- Arc 178 mm9.6.6 Bending shall be accomplished in less than 30 seconds.9.6.7 The coated specimens shall show no cracks to base metal whenexamined at 10X magnification except where gripped or clamped.If visual examination cannot determine whether a crack extends to basemetal,

holiday testing using the hot spark detector method with aconductive rubber electrode shall be used. Tests are to be carried out asrequired in 9.5.3 of this specification.9.6.8 If either of the bend tests fail, the tests shall be repeated.9.6.8.1 If both bend re tests are satisfactory, the bend test shall beaccepted.9.6.8.2 If either (or both) of the re tests fail, all pipes coated since theprevious successful bend test shall be set aside. Furthercoating application with the suspect batch of powder shall beimmediately discontinued.Two specimens with the same dimensions as given inparagraph 9.6.2 shall be cold cut from the first coated pipe withthe suspect batch or since the last successful bend test,whichever occurred later. The edges of the specimens asnecessary shall be chamfered to remove stress raisers.If the samples fail the bend test, all pipe that has been coatedwith the suspect material shall be blasted off and the pipes shallbe recoated. If the samples pass the bend test, lot narrowingshall be used until the Buyer's Representative is satisfied thatall pipes with substandard coatings have been identified.These pipes shall be blasted and recoated.9.7 Cure TestTwice per shift the coating on production pipes shall be tested by DifferentialScanning Calorimeter analysis. Custom coated fittings shall be subjected to thesame test at a frequency of one sample per production lot. Girth welds shall bechecked twice per day. Failure of the test shall require each piece coated on thatday to be subjected to the test until a total of three tests in a row (three done bothbefore and after the piece which failed) are satisfactory. The glass transition Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 14 of 22 difference (Tg2-Tg 1 ) must be in the range specified by the FBE manufacturer tobe acceptable.9.8 Calibration of Inspection Equipment9.8.1 Coating thickness gauge (reference paragraph 10.3) shall be calibrated atthe start of production and every 3 hours during production, atapproximately the mid-range of the coating thickness against a certifiedor known standard.9.8.2 Holiday detector shall be calibrated at least twice per 8 hours shiftagainst a suitable calibrated voltmeter and adjusted to ensure that voltageis sufficiently high to detect an intentional pinhole holiday through thecoating on the pipe. 10 Recheck on Coating Material Quality The Buyer's Representative at any time may require that the Vendor to prepare a set of test specimens as defined in Appendix A,and arrange for the performance of any or allof the tests covered by Appendix A at a third-party laboratory. Provided the coating onthe specimens passes the tests, the Buyer shall pay for the tests; otherwise the Vendorshall pay the costs. 11 Repairs 11.1 General11.1.1 Each length of coated pipe leaving the Vendor's premises shall be freeof holidays and visual coating defects.11.1.2 Defects shall be repaired in accordance with the criteria and methodsbelow.11.2 Small Defects (Areas of damage up to 1450 mm)11.2.1 For small pinholes, metal slivers, or minor damage repair materials shallbe as specified under paragraph 4.2, and repairs shall be in accordancewith the coating Manufacturer's recommended procedure.11.2.2 Repaired areas shall be tested in accordance with paragraph 9.5, andshall be holiday free.11.3 Large Defects (Areas of damage exceeding 1450 mm)When the Buyer's Representative approves large repairs, the followingprocedure shall be followed using material outlined under paragraph 4.2. If the

Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 15 of 22 total damaged area exceeds 1860 cm, the joint shall be totally recoated. Exception: Hot melt sticks shall not be used for the repair of FBE used for services described in paragraph 1.2.3. 11.3.1 Preparation of SurfaceThe pipe surface to be recoated shall be cleaned to remove all dirt anddamaged or disbonded coating using abrasive blasting or other approvedand suitable means. The edges of the original coatings shall be feathered out approximately 50 mm around the specific area to becoated, and all dust cleaned off before applying the patch coating.11.3.2 Patch CoatingThe preferred method for patching large defects shall be to heat the arealocally with induction heating or other heating means and blow on(flock) the same type powder used on the production coating line.11.3.3 Alternative Patch CoatingWhen equipment is not available for patching by the method covered in11.3.2, the following procedures shall be used:a) The material for patch coating in the shop shall be catalyticallytwo-part cured epoxy coating supplied or approved by theManufacturer of the powder coating or by the RSA.b) The repair coating shall be applied by spatula, brush, roller or spraydepending on the size and nature of the damaged area being repaired.c) The patch coating shall not be applied when the pipe surfacetemperature is less than 3C above the dew point.11.3.4 Curing Patched AreaFreshly patched coated areas shall be allowed to cure according to thecoating Manufacturer's recommendations prior to handling, and therepaired area shall be holiday tested in accordance with paragraph 9.5.11.4 Defect Acceptance Criteria11.4.1 Mechanical DamageAny coated joint with mechanically damaged coating exceeding1860 cm, shall be rejected, blasted and coated at the expense of the Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 16 of 22 Vendor. Mechanical damage repairs shall be per paragraphs 11.2 and11.3 of this Specification.11.4.2 Holidays11.4.2.1 The allowable number of holidays rate that can be repairedbefore other special measures are required, is 1 per 1.0 m of coated pipe surface.11.4.2.2 If the cause of holidays is determined to be improper coatingapplication or defective coating materials, the joint shall berejected and totally recoated at the Vendor's expense.11.4.2.3 If the holiday repair exceeds 1 holiday per 1.0 m of coatedpipe surface, and the cause is determined to be defects in thepipe surface, such as slivers, cold-laps or pitting, thefollowing procedure shall apply:a. Any coated joint having a holiday rate of 2 holidays per1.0 m or less shall be 100% repaired.b. If the holiday rate exceeds 2 holidays per 1.0 m, theVendor, in consultation with the Buyer's Representative(and the Buyer, if needed), shall either reject the affectedpipes as not coatable

or shall increase the coatingthickness to the maximum specified in paragraph 7.3 inorder to reduce the holiday rate to 1 per 1.0 m or less.c. After increasing the coating thickness, if the holiday rateis still excessive, the Vendor shall advise the Buyer andthe coating operation shall be stopped.d. The Vendor shall advise the Buyer of remedial measuresthat could be taken to achieve an acceptable coating forthe Buyer's approval. 12 Pipe Storage and Preparation for Shipment 12.1 Each coated length of pipe shall be externally Stenciled at a point approximately60 cm (2 feet) from the end to reproduce the original marking and to identify thetype of coating applied, Purchase Order number, pipe size, pipe grade and datecoated. For pipe double-jointed at the Vendor's shop, the shop weld numbershall be included in the stencil.12.2 All pipes shall be stored on padded elevated racks or polyethylene sheathed sandberms until time for delivery. Non-compressible rubber pads 10 mm thick 3 per Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 17 of 22 12.2 m length, 5 per 24.4 m length shall be used to separate the pipe for yardtransportation and storage.12.3 Padding material and procedures shall be approved by the Buyer'sRepresentative.12.4 All booms, hooks, forks, supports and skids used in handling or storing coatedpipe shall be designed and maintained in such a manner as to prevent anydamage to the pipe or to the coating, and shall be approved by Buyer'sRepresentative.12.5 The Buyer's Representative will have authority to stop any storage procedure ormeans of transport from the yard, if in his opinion there is a possibility of damage to the coating because of improper procedures. Revision Summary 25 October 2011 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissuedwith editorial revisions including removing the committee members list. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 18 of 22 Appendix A Qualification Procedure for Initial Product Approval 1. General Requirements1.1 In order to qualify FBE powder coating material as acceptable under thisSpecification, the Supplier of the coating material must submit the followingcertification in writing to the Buyer's Representative, who for materialsprequalification purposes is hereafter referred to as the ResponsibleStandardization Agency Representative (RSA).a) Certification from an independent testing laboratory that they witnessed orperformed the preparation and testing of the samples, and that allprocedures were in accordance with this qualification procedure.b) Certification by the Supplier that the proposed coating meets the following:- Has passed all the tests and met all the requirements of thisqualification procedure.- Is suitable for the intended service conditions as detailed in SaudiAramco Engineering Standard SAES-H-002,APCS-104, Shop orField-applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (External).

c) A record of all test results.1.2 All initial qualification tests shall be carried out at no cost to Saudi Aramco.The RSA shall decide if the data presented by the Supplier satisfy therequirements of the tests outlined below.2. Qualification Tests2.1 Instrumental AnalysisInstrumental analysis of the coating powder material shall be conducted by theinfra red (IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques, in a laboratoryacceptable to the RSA.2.2 Preparation of Test Specimens2.2.1 Test specimens shall be as outlined in the applicable test Specificationunless otherwise stated.2.2.2 Surface preparation, application, dry film thickness and curingparameters for the test specimens shall be identical to that used in thiscoating Specification for the intended service. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 19 of 22 2.2.3 Prior to each test the specimens shall be conditioned for 24 hours at 25Cand 50% relative humidity.2.3 Glass Transition Temperature and Degree of Cure (CAN/CSA Z 245.20 - 02)2.3.1 The glass transition temperature shall equal or exceed 93C as minimumrequirement for all FBE powder coatings.2.3.2 High Temperature FBE powder, the glass transition temperature shallequal or exceed 115C.2.3.3 When determining the degree of cure, the difference in glass transitiontemperatures (Tg 2 Tg 1 ) shall be in accordance with the powdermanufacturer's specification.2.4 Flexibility and Bending Test2.4.1 Selection and Measurement2.4.1.1 Three (3) test specimens of approximately 25 mm x 192 mm x9.5 mm shall be cold cut from a coated pipe section in thelongitudinal direction, or test bars of this size coated inaccordance with 09-SAMSS-089 can also be used for this test.2.4.1.2 The coating thickness shall be measured at 5 locations 25 mmapart on each specimen, and the thickness recorded.2.4.2 The specimens shall be holiday detected in accordance with paragraph 9.5of this Specification, and all holidays shall be marked and recorded.2.4.3 Bending2.4.3.1 The specimens shall be placed in a freezer at 0C for 30 minutes,then removed and clamped in the bender with the coated side up.The test specimens shall be bent flat wise at 60 degrees over a25.4 mm thick shoe of the following dimensions. Shoe radius 95.2 mm Chord 152 mm Arc 178 mm2.4.3.2 Bending shall be accomplished in less than 30 seconds. Allowthe coated specimens to return to ambient temperature andinspect. Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 20 of 22

2.4.4 Acceptance Criteria2.4.4.1 The coated specimens shall show no cracks when examined at10 X magnification, except where clamped or gripped.2.4.4.2 Holiday test on the bent specimens will show no holidays inaddition to those already marked and recorded prior to bending.2.4.4.3 Flexibility at 25C is 5.5 / pipe diameter, at 0C 3.75 / pipediameter.2.4.5 The flexibility and bending qualification tests must be carried out atthickness 575 -750 microns (23-30 mils) DFT.2.5 Impact Resistance (ASTM G14)2.5.1 Seven (7) specimens shall be tested for impact resistance at atemperature of 10C in accordance with ASTM G14.2.5.2 Impact resistance of all seven specimens shall be 6.8 J (60 inch lbs) ormore. Freedom from penetration shall be verified using a low voltage(67.5 volts DC) wet sponge holiday detector.2.5.3 Minimum requirements for the impact resistance for coatings approvedfor service in the higher temperature range shall be 11.3 J (100 inch lbs)2.6 Adhesion TestThree adhesion tests shall be conducted on a section from the production coatedpipe. The test procedure and evaluation shall be in accordance with paragraph9.4.12.7 Cathodic Disbonding (ASTM G8)Threespecimensshallbetestedbytheprocedure giveninASTMG8.Thecuredpowder coating when subjected to an impressed current at 1.5 volts shall notdisbond more than 12 mm radius from the edge of the intentional holiday in30 days, at a test temperature of 25C.2.8 Chemical Resistance, Immersion Test2.8.1 Three (3) specimens shall be half immersed for 30 days in each of thefollowing solutions at 80C:a) Distilled waterb) 5% Sodium Hydroxide Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 21 of 22 c) 5% Sodium Chloride2.8.2 Specimens shall also be tested in synthetic seawater at 93C for 90 days.Longer period test may be required if the specimens showedirreproducible results.2.8.3 None of the coated specimens shall show evidence of cracking, softening,loss of adhesion, swelling, and discoloration. Blisters shall be not morethan (#6) or less in size as determined and defined by ASTM D714.3. Tests for FBE Coatings to be used in Hot Subkha Service (up to 115C)3.1 Cathodic Disbonding ASTM G42 (Modified for higher temperature)Three specimens shall be tested by the procedure given in ASTM G42.The cured powder coating when subjected to an impressed current at 1.5 voltsshall not disbond more than 15 mm radius from the edge of the intentionalholiday in 30 days, at a test temperature of 82C.For High Temperature FBE powder coating, repeat the same test for the durationof 60 days, at a temperature of 93C. Coating shall not disbond more than10 mm radius from the edge of the holiday.3.2 The cathodic disbonding tests shall be carried out on panels with dry filmthickness not exceeding 625 microns (25 mils). Commentary Note: Should a coating pass the tests below this thickness, it would be considered satisfactory at the specified thickness. 3.3 Cross-Section and Interface PorosityTo determine the degree or porosity and voids in the applied coating crosssection and interface. The coating manufacturer shall consult with the RSA todetermine which test and acceptance criteria shall be considered in accordancewith international standard that shall be used.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)3.4.1 Prepare three (3) steel panels in accordance with Section 4.1. 3.4.2 Conduct electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements,after exposing the coated panels to 3%NaCl solution for no less than24 hours, to obtain initial electrochemical impedance values. The initialvalues must be greater than 1x10

8 ohm.cm. Coatings with

Document Responsibility: Paints and Coatings Standards Committee 09-SAMSS-089Issue Date: 25 October 2011 Shop-Applied External FusionNext Planned Update: 25 October 2016 Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Line PipesPage 22 of 22 recommended film thickness exhibiting lower electrochemicalimpedance values shall be rejected.3.5 Fingerprinting for Coating IdentificationAs part of the qualification procedure of a coating system, the supplier shallsubmit to the RSA, a fingerprint of the coating obtained in accordance withISO 20340 (Annex B). The fingerprint shall be used in subsequent routine batchtesting of coating supplied for use in the field, to confirm that the suppliedcoating is similar to the coating tested in the qualification stage.

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