EXERCISE TOPIC: SALTS

Which of the following is an insoluble salt? Antara yang berikut, manakah merupakan garam tak larut?
A

Calcium nitrate Kalsium nitrat Potassium nitrate Kalium nitrat Calcium carbonate Kalsium karbonat Potassium carbonate Kalium karbonat
Which of the following substances is not a salt? A B C D Zinc oxide Sodium nitrate Calcium chloride Ammonium sulphate

Which of the following is a coloured salt? Antara berikut yang manakah suatu garam berwarna? A Iron(II) sulphate Ferum(II) sulfat B Silver nitrate Argentum nitrat C Lead(II) nitrate Plumbum(II) nitrat D Calcium carbonate Kalsium karbonat
4. Reaction between solution A and sodium chloride solution will produce lead(II) chloride precipitate and sodium nitrate solution.
Tindak balas antara larutan A dan larutan natrium klorida akan menghasilkan mendakan plumbum(II) klorida dan larutan natrium nitrat.

A + 2NaCl

PbCl2 + 2NaNO3

Which of the following substances is A?

Antara berikut, yang manakah A?

A Lead(II) iodide
Plumbum(II) iodida

B Lead(II) nitrate
Plumbum(II) nitrat

C Lead(II) carbonate
Plumbum(II) karbonat

D Lead(II) sulphate
Plumbum(II) sulfat

Substance X + Sulphuric acid Bahan X asid sulfuric

Salt Y + Water + Carbon dioxide Garam Y Air Karbon dioksida

Referring to the equation above, what could substance X be? Merujuk persamaan diatas , apakah kemungkinan bahan X ? A Coppe(11) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida B Magnesium metal Logam magnesium C Zinc carbonate Zink karbonat D Sodium hydroxide Natrium hidroksida
6.Diagram 8 shows a method of preparing insoluble salt by mixing solution X and solution Y. Rajah 8 menunjukkan suatu kaedah penyedian garam tak terlarutkan melalui campuran larutan X dan larutan Y.

Solution Y Larutan Y Solution X Larutan X Salt Garam Mixing two solution Campuran dua larutan Filter and rinse Turas dan bilas Diagram 8 Rajah 8 What is the type of the reaction shown in Diagram 8. Apakah jenis tindak balas ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8. A.Neutralisation reaction Tindak balas peneutralan B.Substitutiuon reaction Tindak balas penukar gantian C.Precipitation reaction Tindak balas pemendakan D.Addition reaction Tindak balas penambahan

Salt crystals
Dry Keringkan

Which substance is most normally added to an acid to prepare sodium chloride? Bahan yang manakah paling biasa ditambahkan kepada suatu asid untuk menyediakan natrium klorida? A B C D An alkali Suatu alkali A metal Suatu logam A carbonate Suatu karbonat An insoluble base Suatu bes yang tak terlarutkan

R is decomposed by strong heating. The residue is yellow when hot and white when cold. What is R ? R terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat. Baki berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk terhasil. Apakah R ? A B C D Lead(II) oxide Plumbum(II) oksida Lead(II) carbonate Plumbum(II) karbonat Zinc oxide Zink oksida Zinc carbonate Zink karbonat

Diagram 2 shows the set up of apparatus for the heating of salt X. The gas released turns the lime water chalky.

Salt X

Heat

Lime water

DIAGRAM 2 Which of the following is salt X ?

A B C D

Zinc nitrate Zinc sulphate Zinc carbonate Sodium carbonate

10

The following equation represents the reaction of preparing zinc sulphate salt. Persaman berikut mewakili tindak balas menyediakan garam zink sulfat ZnO + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O Which substances can be used to replace zinc oxide? Bahan-bahan yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan zink oksida?

I II III IV A B
C D

Zinc Zink Zinc hydroxide Zink hidroksida Zinc carbonate Zink karbonat Zinc nitrate Zink nitrat I and III only I dan III sahaja II and IV only II dan IV sahaja
I, II and III only I,II dan III sahaja I, II, III and IV I, II, III, dan IV sahaja

11

A precipitate is formed when hydrochloric acid is added to solution X. Which of the following solutions is most probably solution X? Mendakan terbentuk apabila asid hidroklorik ditambah kepada larutan X. Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mungkin larutan X? A B C D Zinc nitrate Silver nitrate Calcium nitrate Magnesium nitrate

12

Which of the following salt can be prepared by double decomposition reaction? Antara garam berikut, yang manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda dua? A B C D Sodium nitrate Potassium carbonate Calcium sulphate Magnesium chloride

13

You are required to verify the cation and anion in a sample of ammonium sulphate salt solution. What reagents can you use to verify the cation and anion? Anda dikehendaki mengesahkan kation dan anion dalam satu sampel larutan ammonium sulfat. Apakah reagen-reagen yang boleh gunakan untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion? Cation Kation A Nessler reagent Reagen Nessler Nessler reagent Reagen Nessler Potassium thiocyanate Kalium tiosianat Potassium thiocyanate Kalium tiosianat Anion Anion Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat

14 Which of the following ions form a white precipitate that is insoluble in excess ammonia solution? I Zn2+ II Pb2+ III Ca2+ IV Mg2+ A B C D 15 I and II only II and III only II and IV only III and IV only

Zinc chloride solution and aluminium chloride solution are colourless solutions. Which of the following can be used to differentiate the solutions?

Larutan zink klorida dan larutan aluminium klorida adalah larutan tidak berwarna. Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-larutan tersebut?
A Ammonia solution

Larutan ammonia
B Barium nitrate solution

Larutan barium nitrat

C Silver nitrate solution

Larutan argentum nitrat

D Sodium hydroxide solution

Larutan natrium hidroksida

16

The equation shows the decomposition of a copper(II) nitrate salt.

Persamaan menunjukkan penguraian garam kuprum(II) nitrat.

2Cu(NO3)2

2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 gas at room condition if 0.1 mol of Cu(NO3)2 salt is heated.

Hitung isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida, NO2 pada keadaan bilik jika 0.1 mol garam Cu(NO3)2 dipanaskan?
Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions 0.6 dm3 1.2 dm3 2.4 dm3 4.8 dm3

Isipadu molar = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu bilik.

A B C D

17

The reaction between copper(II) oxide and dilute sulphuric acid is represented by the following chemical equation. Tindak balas antara kuprum(II) oksida dan asid sulfurik cair diwakili oleh persamaan kimia berikut. CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(s) + H2O(l)

6.0 g copper(II) oxide is added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. what is the mass of of copper(II) oxide left at the end of the reaction? [Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Cu = 64] 6.0g kuprum(II) oksida ditambah kepada 50.0 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 Berapakah jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang tinggal pada akhir tindak balas? [Jisim atom relatif: O = 16; Cu = 64] A B C D 0.3 g 2.0 g 2.8 g 4.0 g

PAPER 2 STRUCTURE 1. Diagram 5.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate. Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat. Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.

Excess copper (II) oxide powder

Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan

Acid
Asid xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Heat
Panas

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

(a)

State the colour of copper (II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

........................................................................................................................................ .. [1 mark] (b) Based on Diagram 5.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II) sulphate.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan kuprum (II) sulfat.

.............. [1 mark] (c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.

........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(d)

State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess.
Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan.

.............. [1 mark]

(e)

0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid and excess copper (II) oxide. Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate formed.
0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan. Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative Atomic Mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[Jisim Atom Relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[2 marks] (f) Describe a chemical test to verify the present of cation in copper (II) sulphate solution.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran kation dalam larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (g) Diagram 5.2 shows the decomposition of compound X to form copper (II) oxide and gas Q.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan penguraian sebatian X bagi menghasilkan kuprum (II) oksida dan gas Q.

Compound X
Sebatian X

Copper (II) oxide

Kuprum (II) oksida logam

Gas Q
Gas Q

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

Gas Q turns the limewater chalky.

Compound X is another copper compound.

Gas Q mengeruhkan air kapur. Sebatian X adalah sebatian kuprum yang lain.

Based on the observation of limewater,

Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur,

(i)

Name gas Q.
Namakan gas Q.

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the formula of compound X.

Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

2.

Diagram 4 shows a series reaction of zinc compound. Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian zink. Sodium carbonate Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat Natrium karbonat

Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat

Zinc oxide
Zink oksida

Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

a)Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc carbonate precipitate.
Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk membentuk mendakan zink karbonat.

(i)

What is the colour of zinc carbonate?

Apakah warna zink karbonat?

.. [1 mark]

(ii)

Name the reaction.

Namakan tindak balas ini.

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.
Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.

i)

Name gas R.
Namakan gas R.

.. [1 mark]

ii)

Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

........................................................ [2 marks] (iii) Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zinc oxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R itu diuji.

[2 marks] (c)Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemical equation is shown below.
Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat. Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.

ZnCO3 +

H2SO4

ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O

6.5 g Zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid. Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate produced.
6.5 g zink karbonat bertindak balas lengkap dengan asid sulfuric berlebihan. Hitungkan jisim zink sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative molecular mass: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]

[Jisim molekul relative: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]

3.

A student carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).

Step I

5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution is poured into each test tube labelled 1 to 8. 1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into test tube 1. Step II is repeated by using test tube 2 to test tube 8 using the volume barium chloride solution as shown in Table 4. All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow barium chromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is measured and recorded.

Step II

Step III

Step IV

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalan Jadual 4.

Test tube
Tabung uji

Volume of barium chloride/ cm3

Isipadu barium 3 klorida/ cm

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Height of precipitate/ cm
Tinggi mendakan/cm

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Table 4
Jadual 4

a)

What is the colour of the precipitate formed?

Apakah warna mendakan yang terbentuk?

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

b)

Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against the volume of barium chloride solution.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu barium klorida.

[3 marks] c) (i) Based on the plotted graph in (b)

Berdasarkan graf yang telah dilukis di (b),

Determine the minimum volume of barium chloride solution needed to completely react with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI) solution.
Tentukan isipadu minimum larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untuk 3 -3 bertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm larutan kalium kromat (VI) 1.0 mol dm .

[1 mark]

(ii)

Calculate the number of moles of barium ions, Ba2+.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion barium, Ba .
2+

[1 mark] (iii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO 4 .
2-

[1 mark] Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- that has reacted with 1 mole of barium ions, Ba2+ .
Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO 4 yang telah bertindakbalas 2+ dengan 1 mol ion barium, Ba .
2-

(iv)

[1 mark] (v) Write the ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

c)

The height of precipitate in test tubes 5,6,7 and 8 remains unchanged. Explain why.
Tinggi mendakan dalam tabung uji 5,6,7 dan 8 tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.

....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

ESEI 1(a)The following flow chart in diagram 7 shows the formation of copper (II) salt solution and a series of its reactions.

Salt of X compound Sebatian garam X

Heat Panaskan

Gas Z Gas Z Pass through

+ sulphuric acid + asid sulfurik Copper (II) salt solution + water + gas Z Larutan garam kuprum (II) + air + gas Z + Barium nitrate solution + Larutan Barium nitrat Y precipitate Mendakan Y

lime water Alir ke dalam air kapur Lime water turns cloudy Air kapur keruh

Diagram 7 Rajah 7 Based on Diagram 7: Berdasarkan Rajah 7:

(i)

Identify salt X, gas Z and Y precipitate

[3 marks]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of Y precipitate.

[2 marks]

(iii) Copper (II) salt solution is a soluble salt. Describe chemical test to verify the cation and anion in the compound.
[5 marks]

(a)

Lead(II) nitrate is a soluble salt and lead(II) sulphate is an insoluble salt. Plumbum(II) nitrat adalah garam larut dan plumbum(II) sulfat adalah garam tak larut. (i) State the method of preparation both of the salts. Nyatakan kaedah penyediaan kedua-dua garam itu. (ii) State the reactants for the preparation of lead(II) sulphate. Nyatakan bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan plumbum(II) sulfat. [4 marks] By using lead(II) oxide or lead(II) carbonate as a reactant, describe how a sample of lead(II) nitrate crystals can be prepared in the laboratory. In your description, include the chemical equation involved. Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) oksida atau plumbum(II) karbonat sebagai bahan tindak balas, huraikan bagaimana satu sampel hablur plumbum(II) nitrat dapat disediakan dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat. [10 marks]

(b)

(c)

Three test-tubes contain colourless solutions. The labelled on the test-tubes are removed. Each test-tube contains whether dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid or sodium sulphate solution. Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the solutions in each test-tube. Tiga tabung uji mengandungi larutan tidak berwarna. Label pada tabung uji telah tertanggal. Setiap tabung uji mengandungi sama ada asid hidroklorik cair, asid sulfurik cair atau larutan natrium sulfat. Huraikan ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menentusahkan larutan dalam setiap tabung uji. [6 marks]

(a)

Salts can be classified into soluble and insoluble salt.

(i)

Name one example of an insoluble chloride salt. [1 mark]

(ii)

Name the chemicals needed to prepare salt in (a) (i) and name the reaction. [3 marks]

(b)

Diagram 8 shows a flow chart of the qualitative analysis of substance X. Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta alir analisis kualitatif bagi sebatian X.

Black powder X Serbuk hitam X Add hydrochloric acid, HCl solution Tambah larutan asid hidroklorik, HCl Blue solution Y Larutan biru Y Solution Y + Sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution Larutan Y + larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH Blue precipitate Mendakan biru Solution Y + Silver nitrate, AgNO3 solution Larutan Y + Larutan argentum nitrat, AgNO3

White precipitate Mendakan putih

Diagram 8 Rajah 8

(i)

Based on diagram 8, identify the Black powder X Blue solution Y Cation and anion of Y solution.

[4 marks]

(c)

An experiment is carried out to construct an ionic equation for an insoluble salt, lead (II) chromate (VI). A fixed volume of 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 solution is placed into each of the 8 test tubes of the same size. Different volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solution is added to each test tube. The height of the yellow precipitate, lead (II) chromate (VI) formed into each test tube is measured, recorded and plotted in Graph 8.

Height of lead (II) chromate (VI) precipitate / cm

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

8
Volume of potassium chromate (VI) solution, K2CrO4 / cm3 Isipadu larutan kalium kromat(VI), K2CrO4 / cm3

Graph 8 Graf 8

Based on Graph 8 (i) Calculate The number of moles of lead (II) ions used. The number of moles of potassium chromate (VI) that has reacted completely with 5.00 cm3 of lead (II) nitrate. [4 marks]

(ii)

Based on the answer in (c) (i), construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead (II) chromate (VI). [2 marks]

(iii)

Explain why The height of precipitate formed increases and then remain constant Tinggi mendakan bertambah dan kemudian menjadi malar. The colour change in the solution above the precipitate. Perubahan warna larutan di bahagian atas mendakan. The eight test tubes used are of the same size. Kelapan-lapan tabung uji yang digunakan adalah bersaiz sama. [6 marks]