THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller designed by Intel. It was optimized for 8-bitmath and single bit Boolean operations. Its family- MCS-51 includes 8031, 8051 and 8751 microcontrollers.

MICROPROCESSOR
1. Contains ALU, general purpose registers, stack pointer, program counter, clock timing circuit and interrupt circuit. 2. Has one or two bit handling instructions. 3. Has one or two bit handling instructions. 4. Access times for memory and I/O devices are more. 5. Microprocessor based system requires more hardware. 6. Microprocessor based system is more flexible in design point of view. 7. It has single memory map for data and code. 8. Less number of pins are multi-functioned.

MICROCONTROLLER
1. Contains the circuitry of microprocessor and in addition it has built-in ROM, RAM, I/O devices, timers and counters. 2. Has two or more instructions to move data between memory and CPU. 3. Has many bit handling instructions. 4. Less access time for built-in memory and I/O devices. 5. Microcontroller based system requires less hardware reducing PCB size and increasing the reliability. 6. Less flexible in design point of view. 7. It has separate memory map for data and code. 8. More number of pins are multi-functioned.

FEATURES OF 8051
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 4096 bytes program memory on chip. 128 bytes data memory on chip. Four register banks. 128 user defined software flags. 64kbytes each program and external RAM addressability. One microsecond instruction cycle with 12MHz crystal clock. 32 bidirectional I/O lines organized as four 8-bit ports. Multiple mode, high speed programmable serial port. Two multiple mode, 16-bit timers/counters. Two-level prioritized interrupt structure. Full-depth stack for subroutine return linkage and data storage. Direct byte and bit addressability. Binary or decimal arithmetic. Signed-overflow detection and parity computation. Hardware multiple and divide in 4 microsecond. Integrated Boolean processor for control applications. Upwardly compatible with existing 8084 software.

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