+-Be used to Be used to + noun phrase or verb-ing (in this pattern used is an adjective and to is a preposition).

If you are used to something, you have often done or experienced it, so it's not strange, new or difficult for you. The opposite of be used to is be not used to. I am not used to the new system yet. I am used to getting up early in the morning. I don't mind it. He didn't complain about the noise nextdoor he was used to it.

Get used to Get used to + noun phrase or verb-ing (in this pattern used is an adjective and to is a preposition). If you get used to something, you become accustomed to it. It is the process of becoming used to something. I got used to getting up early in the morning. After a while he didn't mind the noise in the office - he got used to it.

Used to Used to + verb refers to a habit or state in the past. It is used only in the past simple. Past habits If you used to do something, you did it for a period of time in the past, but you don't do it any more. Past states We also say used to to express a state that existed in the past but doesn't exist now. States are not actions. They are expressed using stative verbs such as have, believe, know and like. The form of the question is did(n't) + subject + use to be. The form of the negative is subject + didn't + use to be.

We used to live there when I was a child. I used to walk to work everyday when I was younger.

I used to like The Beatles but now I never listen to them. He used to have long hair but nowadays his hair is very short.

Did(n't) he use to work in your office? We didn't use to be vegetarians

Be used to:

We use be used to + verb-ing to talk about things which feel normal for us or things that we are accustomed to:

Im used to getting up early, so I dont mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, its what I usually do). My little daughter is used to eating lunch at noon. So she was grumpy yesterday when we didnt eat until one.

Note that we make the negative or the question with the verb 'be' in the normal way. The 'used to' doesn't change:

Lucy isn't used to staying up late, so she's very tired today. Are your children used to walking a lot?

We can also use be used to + noun, which has the same meaning:

I've lived in the UK almost all my life, so Im used to rain (= rain is normal for me). That football team always lose, so theyre used to disappointment!

We can put the verb 'be' into any tense. So we can talk about things in the past or the future as well as the present using this expression:

It was difficult when I first started university, because I wasn't used to the amount of work we had to do. Soon I'll be used to driving in London and I won't be so frightened!

We can use 'get used to + verb-ing' to talk about the change of not normal to normal. We can also use this in any tense:

Don't worry if your new job is hard at first. You'll get used to it. It took me a while, but I got used to speaking another language every day. It took me a few months to get used to living in Japan. At first everything seemed very different, but them gradually it became normal for me

Concessive clause

A concessive clause is a clause which begins with "although" or "even though" and which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the sentence. The sentence "Although he's quiet, he's not shy" begins with a concessive clause- "Although he's quiet " which has an opposite meaning of - "he's not shy" which is the main part of the sentence.

NOTE: " In spite of" , " despite" have similar meaning to "although" or "even though". BUT they don't introduce clauses. They have different syntax. They are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb+ing.) They don't introduce a clause (subject + verb.)

Although, even though:

Study these examples:
"He had enough money." " He refused to buy a new car." The above two statements can be combined as follows : Although Even though he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car

OR He refused to buy a new car although even though he had enough money.

Structure:
"Although", and "even though" introduce concessive clauses. Although /even though subject verb

Examples:
Although it was raining, he walked to the station. Even though she is very old, she runs fast.

Despite / in spite of:

Despite and in spite of do not introduce a concessive clause. They are rather followed by a noun or a verb+ing form.

Study this example:

"He had enough money." "He refused to buy a new car." The above two statements can be combined as follows :

Despite In spite of

all his money, having enough money, OR

he refused to buy a new car.

He refused to buy a new car

despite in spite of

all his money. having enough money.

Structure
Despite / in spite of + a noun, + verb + ing.

Examples:
Despite /in spite of the rain, he walked to the station. Despite /in spite of being tired, he walked to the station.

Remember:
1. Although, even though + subject + verb (Concessive clause) 3. In spite of, despite + noun or verb+ing (Not a concessive clause) 2. There are structural similarities between:

"in spite of", "despite" and "although", "even though" "because of", "due to", "owing to", "thanks to" and "because", "since ,"as", "for". (Expressing cause and effect) In spite of Despite Because of Due to owing to Thanks to Although Even though Because + verb + noun

Since For As

Choose the right answer:

1. Although 3. In spite of she is beautiful, everybody hates her. the noise. earning a low salary, Sara helped her parents they are neighbors. working very hard.

2. The children slept deeply in spite of 4. Jane rarely sees Alan although 6. Although 7. In spite of 9. Although 11. Although 12. In spite of 13. Although

5. Kate did not do well in the exam in spite of I was very hungry, I couldn't eat.

the difficulty, they managed to solve the math problem. she loved him. being ill. it was cold, Marie didn't put on her coat. the weather was bad, we had a good time. all our hard work, a lot of things went wrong. we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. I was feeling very ill. I was still feeling ill. the low salary. the low salary. the hotel was noisy. the noise.

8. Liza never talked to him although 10. Clare did the work in spite of

14. I went to hospital because

15. I went to work the next day although 16. She accepted the job in spite of 17. She refused the job because of 18. I managed to sleep although 20. He runs fast in spite of 19. I couldn't get to sleep because of

his old age.