1

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to produce oxygen and water. The results of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are given below. Hidrogen peroksida mengurai membebaskan oksigen dan air. Keputusan satu eksperimen penguraian hidrogen peroksida diberi di bawah. Time (s) Masa (s) Volume of O2 (cm3) Isipadu O2 (cm3) 0 0 15 16 30 30 45 40 60 48 75 48 90 48

What is the average rate of this reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas ini purata? A B C D 2 0.53 cm3 s-1 0.80 cm3 s-1 1.88 cm3 s-1 2.56 cm3 s-1

Which explanation is paired correctly with the application of the rate of reaction? Pasangan manakah yang betul bagi menerangkan aplikasi kadar tindak balas? Application Aplikasi It is easier to light a fire using small pieces of charcoal. Adalah lebih mudah menyalakan api menggunakan ketulan kecil arang. Fish and meat are normally kept in a freezer. Ikan dan daging disimpan dalam pembeku sejuk. Food cooks faster in a pressure cooker. Makanan dimasak lebih cepat dalam periuk tekanan. Explanation Penerangan Total surface area exposed to air is smaller. Jumlah luas permukaan terdedah kepada udara adalah lebih kecil.

The low temperature slows down the rate of bacterial metabolism. Suhu yang rendah merendahkan kadar metabolisme bakteria. The high pressure decreases the number of water molecules in contact with the food. Tekanan yang tinggi mengurangkan bilangan molekul air yang bersentuh dengan makanan. To increase the activation energy of the reaction. Untuk meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas.

Iron is used in the industrial manufacture of ammonia. Besi digunakan dalam pembuatan ammonia dalam industri.

The equation below shows the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Which of the following will increase the rate of reaction? Antara berikut yang manakah akan meningkatkan kadar tindak balas? I Use larger size of zinc Menggunakan zink yang bersaiz besar Use higher concentration of hydrochloric acid Menggunakan kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang tinggi Increase the temperature of reaction Meningkatkan suhu tindak balas Increase the volume of hydrochloric acid Menambahkan isi padu asid hidroklorik I and II only I dan II sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja II and III only II dan III sahaja I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja

II

III

IV

Which of the following is a fast reaction?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas yang cepat?

A Rusting

Pengaratan
B Precipitation

Pemendakan
C Fermentation

Penapaian
D Photosynthesis

Fotosintesis

In an experiment, the reaction between 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid with excess zinc produces hydrogen gas. The graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time is sketched. Curve T is obtained.
Dalam satu eksperimen, tindak balas antara 25 cm asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm dengan zink berlebihan menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Graf isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa dilakarkan. Lengkung T diperolehi.
3 -3

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm
3

Time/s
Masa/s

If the experiment is repeated using another solution of nitric acid, which solution will produce curve U?
Sekiranya eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan asid nitrik yang lain, larutan manakah yang akan menghasilkan lengkung U?

A B C D

25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid

25 cm larutan asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm
3

-3

30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid

30 cm larutan asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm
3 3

-3

50 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid

50 cm larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm

-3

100 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid

100 cm larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm
3

-3

6. The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reaction Pernyataan-pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran suatu tindak balas. Which of the following combination is true about the effect of the concentration on the reactant particles? Antara kombinasi berikut yang manakah benar tentang kesan kepekatan ke atas zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas I II The total surface area of the reactant particles increases Jumlah luas permukaan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases Tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

III IV A B C D

The number of the reactant particles per one unit of volume increases Bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas per satu unit isipadu bertambah The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah I and II only I dan II saha II and III only II dan III sahaja I and IV only I dan IV sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja

7.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan ciri mangkin? A B C D A catalyst is specific in its reaction Mangkin adalah khusus dalam tindak balasnya A catalyst inflauences the quantity of product of reaction Mangkin mempengaruhi kuantiti hasil tindak balas The chemical property of a catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction Sifat kimia mangkin tetap tidak berubah di akhir tindak balas Only a little amount of a catalyst is needed to influence the rate of reaction Hanya sedikit mangkin diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas

8.

The equation below represents the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Persamaan di bawah mewakili tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Which of the following graphs shows the changes of volume of carbon dioxide against the time of reaction? Antara graf berikut, yang manakah betul bagi menunjukkan perubahan isipadu gas karbon dioksida terhadap masa tindak balas?

Volume CO2/cm3 Isipadu CO2/cm3

Volume CO2/cm3 Isipadu CO2/cm3

Time/min Masa/min

Time/min Masa/min Volume CO2/cm3 Isipadu CO2/cm3

Time/min Masa/min

Volume CO2/cm3 Isipadu CO2/cm3

Time/min Masa/min

Table 5 shows the total volume of oxygen, collected in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide. Jadual 5 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu oksigen yang dikumpul dalam penguraian hidrogen peroksida yang dimangkinkan oleh mangan(IV) oxida. Time (min) Masa Volume of gas Isipadu gas (cm3)

0 0

1 11.20

2 23.60 Table 5 Jadual 5

3 29.70

4 31.40

5 31.40

What is the average rate of reaction Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata? 3 -1 A 6.28 cm min 3 -1 B 7.85 cm min
3 -1 C 9.90 cm min D 11.80 cm3 min-1 Diagram 14 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric acid. Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfuric.

10

Sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphguric acid Natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik Mark X Tanda X

White paper Kertas putih Diagram 14 Rajah 14

Which of the following combination of the conditions take shortest time for the mark X to disappear from sight? Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan? Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik Volume Concentration Isipadu Kepekatan 3 (cm ) (mol dm-3) 5 1.0 5 1.0 5 0.5 10 0.5 Sodium Thiosulphate solution Larutan natrium tiosulfat Volume Concentration Isipadu Kepekatan 3 (cm ) (mol dm-3) 50 0.4 50 0.4 50 0.4 45 0.4

Temperature Suhu (oC) 30 40 30 40

A B C D

TRIAL PERLIS 2009 11 Which of the following is a slow reaction?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas perlahan?

A B C D

Precipitation
Pemendakan

Neutralisation
Peneutralan

Displacement
Penyesaran

Fermentation
Penapaian

12

The figure shows an energy level diagram. Rajah menunjukkan gambarajah aras tenaga.
Energy Tenaga

Reaction path Laluan tindakbalas

What is the activation energy for this reaction? Apakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

A B

m n

C D
13

p q

Table 4 shows the total volume of oxygen, collected in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by manganese(IV) oxide. Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu oksigen yang dikumpul dalam penguraian hidrogen peroksida yang dimangkinkan oleh mangan(IV) oksida. Time (min) Masa Volume of gas Isipadu gas (cm3)

0 0.00

1 12.20

2 24.60 Table 4 Jadual 4

3 30.70

4 32.40

5 32.40

What is the average rate of reaction between first minute and third minute? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata antara minit pertama dan minit ketiga? A B C D 18.50 cm3 min-1 9.25 cm3 min-1 8.10 cm3 min-1 6.48 cm3 min-1

14

The equation represents the reaction between zinc granules and dilute sulphuric acid. Persamaan kimia mewakili tindak balas di antara ketulan zink dengan asid sulfurik cair. H2SO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + H2 An increase in which factor will cause the production of hydrogen gas to be faster? Peningkatan faktor manakah menyebabkan penghasilan gas hydrogen yang lebih cepat? A Pressure Tekanan B Volume of acid Isipadu asid C Size of zinc granules Saiz granul zink D Temperature of the mixture Suhu campuran

15

The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reaction Pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran bagi satu tindak balas Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise in temperature on the reactant particles? Antara kombinasi berikut yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke atas zarah bahan tindak balas? I Total surface area of the reactant particles increases Jumlah luas permukaan zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah II The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases Tenaga kinetik zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah III The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah IV The number of reactant particles per unit volume increases Bilangan zarah bahan tindak balas per unit isipadu bertambah A I and II only I dan II sahaja II and III only II dan III sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja I and IV only I dan IV sahaja

16 The following equation shows a reaction to produce hydrogen gas. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. 2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2 Which of the following statements will increase the rate of production of hydrogen gas ? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan kadar penghasilan gas hidrogen? A B C D Increase the time of reaction Memanjangkan masa tindak balas Increase the volume of acid Menambahkan isipadu asid Increase the size of granulated magnesium Menambahkan saiz butir magnesium Increase the temperature of the mixture Meningkatkan suhu campuran

Trial kedah 2009 17 Figure 12 shows the graph of total volume of oxygen gas released against time for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Rajah 12 menunjukkan graf bagi jumlah isipadu gas oksigen yang terbebas melawan masa untuk penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

Figure 12 Which of the following is the inference from the graph? Manakah yang berikut adalah inferens daripada graf ? I II III IV Rate of gas released at t2 is zero Kadar pembebasan gas pada t2 adalah sifar The average rate of gas released in duration t1 is V/t1 cm3 min-1 Purata kadar pembebasan gas dalam tempoh t1 ialah V/t1 cm3 min-1 Rate of gas released at the initial reaction is highest Kadar pembebasan gas pada permulaan tindak balas adalah paling tinggi Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with time Penguraian hidrogen peroksida berkurangan dengan masa. I , II and III only I, III and IV only II, III and IV only I,II ,III and IV

A B C D

18

Graph 1 in Figure 13 is obtained from the reaction between 5 g of large marble chips and 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid. Graf I dalam Rajah 13 dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara 5 g ketulan marmar dan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik.

Figure 13 Which of the following reaction will produce graph 2? Manakah antara tindak balas berikut akan menghasilkan graf 2? A B C D
19

5 g large marble chips added to 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 5 g ketulan marmar ditambah kepada 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik 5 g crushed marble chips added to 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 5 g serbuk marmar ditambah kepada 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik 5 g large marble chips added to 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 5 g ketulan marmar ditambah kepada 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik 5 g crushed marble chips added to 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 5 g serbuk marmar ditambah kepada 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik

The table shows the volume of oxygen gas released for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Jadual menunjukkan isipadu gas oksigen yang dibebaskan bagi penguraian hidrogen peroksida.
Time (s) Volume of oxygen (cm3) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

0.0

6.6

12.5

17.9

23.0

27.8

31.8

35.2

What is the average rate of reaction in the third minutes?

Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata pada minit ke tiga?

A B C D 0.11 cm3s-1 0.13 cm3s-1 0.15 cm3s-1 0.18 cm3s-1

20

In an experiment, the reaction between 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid with excess zinc produces hydrogen gas. The graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time is sketched. A curve T is obtained.

Dalam satu eksperimen, tindak balas antara 25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3 dengan zink berlebihan menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Graf isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa dilakarkan. Lengkung T diperolehi.
Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm3

U T

Time/second If the experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve U?

Masa/saat

Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah yang akan menghasilkan lengkung U?
A 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid

25 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm-3 30 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3
50 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid

50 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm-3

100 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid

100 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm-3

I II III

IV

Temperature of acid in experiment P is higher than in experiment Q Suhu asid dalam eksperimen P lebih tinggi daripada dalam eksperimen Q Catalyst is used in experiment P but not in experiment Q Mangkin digunakan dalam eksperimen P tetapi tidak dalam eksperimen Q Quantities of metal carbonate and acid used in experiment P are more than that in experiment Q Kuantiti karbonat logam dan asid dalam eksperimen P melebihi dalam eksperimen Q Small particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment P and big particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment Q Saiz zarah karbonat logam yang kecil digunakan dalam eksperimen P dan saiz zarah karbonat logam yang besar digunakan dalam eksperimen Q

21

A III and IV only I , II and III only B C I, II and IV only D I, II , III and IV Figure 10 shows the graph of total volume of carbon dioxide against time for the reaction of a metal carbonate with dilute acid for experiment P and experiment Q. Rajah 10 menunjukkan graf bagi jumlah isipadu karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi tindak balas karbonat logam dengan asid cair bagi eksperimen P dan eksperimen Q.

Figure 10 Which of the following explains the differences between both curves from the experiments? Antara berikut, yang manakah menerangkan perbezaan antara dua lengkuk bagi eksperimen tersebut?

22

Which of the following is the characteristic of a catalyst?

Antara berikut, yang manakah ciri mangkin?

A Catalyst changes chemically after a reaction

Mangkin berubah secara kimia selepas suatu tindak balas

B Catalyst increases the quantity of the product

Mangkin meningkatkan kuantiti hasil tindak balas

C Catalyst may change physically after a reaction

Mangkin berubah secara fizikal selepas suatu tindak balas

D Catalyst is required in a large amount in a reaction

Mangkin diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam suatu tindak balas

23

Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with magnesium powder? Antara bahan tindak balas berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan kadar tindak balas paling tinggi dengan serbuk magnesium? A

25 cm3 of ethanoic acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid etanoik 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 of nitric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm-3

24

Diagram 11 shows the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for the reaction of excess zinc carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid Rajah 11 menunjukkan graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas melawan masa bagi tindak balas antara zink karbonat berlebihan dengan asid sulfurik cair.

Volume of carbon dioxide gas Isipadu gas karbon dioksida /cm3

Time/s Masa Diagram 11 Rajah 11 The gradient of the graph decreases with time because Kecerunan graf semakin berkurang terhadap masa kerana A catalyst is not used mangkin tidak digunakan temperature of reaction decreases suhu tindak balas semakin menurun volume of mixure decreases isi padu campuran semakin menurun concentration of sulphuric acid decreases kepekatan asid sulfurik semakin berkurang

25

The diagram shows an energy profile for a reaction which is represented by the following equation:

Rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi tindak balas yang diwakili oleh persamaan berikut:

R+S
Energy

P+Q

Tenaga

R+S
y kJ

x kJ

P+Q

What is the activation energy for this reaction?

Apakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

A y kJ

x kJ (y x) kJ (x y) kJ

26 The chemical equation shows the reaction between copper and silver nitrate solution. Persamaan kimia menunjukkan tindak balas di antara kuprum dengan larutan argentum nitrat.

Cu + 2AgNO3

Cu(NO3)2

2Ag

Which of the following increases the frequency of the effective collisions of the reacting particles?

Antara berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan bahan tindak balas?

A Decrease the size of copper Mengurangkan saiz kuprum B Increase the mass of copper Menambahkan jisim kuprum C Increase the volume of silver nitrate solution Menambahkan isipadu larutan argentum nitrat D Decrease the temperature of silver nitrate solution Merendahkan suhu larutan argentum nitrat 27 Table 2 shows the reaction conditions of two experiments to investigate the rate of reaction between nitric acid and granulated zinc. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keadaan tindak balas bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas di antara asid nitrik dengan ketulan zink.

Experiment I II

Mass of granulated zinc(g) 2.0 2.0

Volume of nitric acid(cm3) 100 50 TABLE 2

Concentration of nitric acid(mol dm-3) 0.1 0.2

Which of the following is the correct graph of volume of hydrogen gas released against time for both Experiment I and Experiment II?
Volume of hydrogen 3 gas/cm Volume of hydrogen 3 gas/cm

I II

II I
Time/s

Time/s

C
Volume of hydrogen 3 gas/cm

D
Volume of hydrogen 3 gas/cm

I II

II

Time/s

Time/s

28. Table 8 shows the total volume of carbon dioxide gas collected from the reaction between hydrochloric acid and excess marble chips. Jadual 8 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terkumpul dalam tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan ketulan marmar berlebihan. Time(s) Volume of carbon dioxide gas(cm3) 0 0 30 15 60 27 90 35 120 40 150 180 210 44 44 44

TABLE 8 JADUAL 8 What is the average rate of reaction in the first second minute? Apakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua? 0.17 cm3 s-1 0.22 cm3 s-1 0.33 cm3 s-1 0.45 cm3 s-1

A B C D

PAPER 2 SECTION A
1Diagram 5 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that affects the rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik. Experiment I
Eksperimen I

Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen

50 cm of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid

3 -3

-3

50 cm of 1.0 mol dm asid hidroklorik

Excess zinc granules

Butiran zink berlebihan

Experiment II
Eksperimen II

Hydrogen gas 50 cm of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid + Copper (II) sulphate solution
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm asid hidroklorik + Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat
3 -3

-3

Gas hidrogen

Excess zinc granules

Butiran zink berlebihan

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

a) (i)

Based on Diagram 5, state the factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5 nyatakan factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

How to determine the rate of reaction in this experiment.

Bagaimanakah kadar tindak balas ditentukan dalam eksperimen ini?

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] b) In Experiment II 2.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added. The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3
Dalam Eksperimen II 2.0 cm larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm ditambah. Isipadu 3 maksimum gas yang terbebas dalam Eksperimen I ialah V cm .
3 -3

(i)

What is the volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment II compare to Experiment I? Explain.
Apakah isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Eksperimen II berbanding Eksperimen I.

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketched as shown in Graph 5.1. Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5..1 Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3
Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm
3

Key
Kunci Experiment I Ekpserimen I

Experiment I:
Eksperimen I

Experiment II:
Eksperimen II

Time/s
Masa/s

Graph 5.1
Graf 5.1

Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 5.1
Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 5.1.

[2 marks]

(ii)Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II) sulphate solution affects the rate of reaction?
Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II) sulfat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

... ........... ............................................................................................................................ [3 marks]

c)

Table 5 shows three experiments done by a student.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan tiga eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.

Experiment
Eksperimen

Reactants
Bahan tindak balas

Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm .
3 -3

Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm .
3 -3

Excess calcium carbonate chips and 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 100 cm asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm .
3 -3

Table 5

The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown in Graph 5.2. .
Volume of carbon dioxide/ cm3
Isipadu karbon dioksida/cm
3

Experiment A

GRAPH 5.2
GRAF 5.2

Time/s
Masa/s

Based on Table 5 and graph 5.2 , determine which curves represent the results of Experiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.
Berdasarkan Jadual 5 dan Graf 5.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagi Eksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan [2 marks]

2. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen gas in the presence of a catalyst. Two experiments were carried out to compare the effects of two different catalysts on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In each experiment, 0.010 mol of the different catalyst was added to 40cm3 of 0.05 mol dm3 hydrogen peroxide solution. The volume of oxygen produced was measured at 30 seconds intervals. The results were plotted in the graphs below. Hidrogen peroksida terurai kepada air dan gas oksigen dalam kehadiran suatu mangkin. Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan kesan dua mangkin yang berbeza ke atas kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida. Dalam setiap eksperimen, sebanyak 0.010 mol mangkin yang berbeza telah ditambahkan ke dalam 40 cm3 0.05mol dm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida.. Isipadu oksigen yang terhasil diukur pada selang masa 30 saat. Keputusan yang didapati diplot pada graf dibawah. Graph of volume of oxygen gas against time Graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa 60 Volume of oxygen / cm3 [isipadu oksigen/cm3]

50

40 0

30
Experiment I :Manganese(IV) oxide as catalyst

20

10
Experiment II: Iron (III) oxide as catalyst

0 30 5 60 90 120 150 180 210

Time/s [masa/s]

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of apparatus that can be used for these experiments. Lukis satu gambarajah berlabel bagi radas yang boleh digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

[2 marks] (b) Calculate the average rate of reaction for the first 90 seconds for Experiment I and Experiment II from the above graph. Hitungkan kadar purata tindakbalas bagi 90 saat pertama bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperiment II daripada graf di atas. (i) Experiment I [Eksperimen I.]

[2 marks] (ii) Experiment II [Eksperimen II ]

[2 marks] (c) Based on your results in b(i) and b(ii), name the better catalyst. Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam b(i) dan b(ii), namakan mangkin yang lebih baik.

................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (d) If Experiment II is allowed to continue until the reaction is completed, predict the total volume of oxygen that will be produced. Jika Eksperimen II dibiarkan berterusan sehingga tindakbalas selesai, ramalkan jumlah isipadu oksigen yang akan terhasil. ............................................................................................................................................. ...

[1 mark]

(e) A third experiment was carried out using 40cm3 of 0.1mol dm3 hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and 0.010 mol of manganese (IV)oxide. Sketch the curve you would expect to obtain on the same axis and label it as P. Satu eksperimen yang ketiga telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan 40cm3 0.1mol dm3 larutan akeuas hidrogen peroksida dan 0.010 mol mangan(IV)oksida. Lakarkan lengkung yang dijangka akan didapati pada paksi yang sama dan labelkan graf itu sebagai P. [2 marks]

2 Experiments are carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between zinc and nitric acid. Table 4 shows the information of reactants used in each experiment.

Experiment I II

Reactant Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid. Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid. TABLE 4

The maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II is 60 cm3. The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment II is sketched as shown in Graph 2.

Volume of gas/cm3

60

80
GRAPH 2

Time/s

a) Based on the experiment, define the meaning of the rate of reaction. [1 mark] b) Write the chemical formula for the gas released in these experiments.

 [1 mark] c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II.

[1 mark] d) The chemical equation for Experiment I is shown below. Zn + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2

Based on Table 4, calculate the maximum volume of gas released in Experiment I. [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

[3 marks] e) Sketch the curve for Experiment I on the same axes in Graph 2. [2 marks] f) Using the collision theory, explain why there is a difference between the rate of reaction in Experiments I and Experiment II.

 [3 marks]

PAPER 2 SECTION B AND C

1. (a) Smaller pieces of charcoal are easily burnt compare to bigger pieces of charcoal.Explain why.
Arang bersaiz kecil lebih cepat terbakar berbanding arang yang besar. Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks] (b)A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Table 8 shows the results of the experiments.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

Experiment
Eksperimen

II

III

Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas

50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm-3 + 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol -3 dm sulphuric acid 10 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm-3 + 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol -3 dm sulphuric acid 10 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.1 mol dm-3 + 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol -3 dm sulphuric acid 10 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

Temperature / C
Suhu / C
o

30

35

30

Time taken for X mark to disappear from sight / s

Masa yang diambil untuk tanda X tidak kelihatan / s

18

10

50

Table 8
Jadual 8

(i)Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

[2 marks]

(ii)The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dengan larutan natrium tiosulfat.

Na2S2O3

H2SO4

Na2SO4

+ SO2 + S + H2O

Calculate the maximum mass of sulphur produced in Experiment III.

Hitung jisim maksimum sulfur yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III. [ Relative Atomic Mass : S = 32 ] [ Jisim Atom Relatif : S = 32 ]

[4 marks]

(iii)

Based on Table 8, compare the rate of reaction between

Berdasarkan Jadual 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Experiment I and Experiment II

Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

Experiment I and Experiment III

Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.
Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

3. (a) Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.
Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz kecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks] (b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affaecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.

Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.

Table 7 shows the results of the experiments.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

Experiment
Eksperimen
3

I
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid
-3 3

II
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid
-3 3

III
50 cm of 0.5 mol dm sulphuric acid
-3

50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

50 cm3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas

Zinc powder
Serbuk zink

Zinc granule
Ketulan zink

Zinc granule
Ketulan zink

Time taken to 3 collect 40cm of hydrogen gas/s

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 40 cm3 gas hydrogen/s

80

160

240

Table 7
Jadual 7

(i)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.

(ii)

[1 mark] Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid. Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment III. [ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulfurik. Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III. 3 [ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]

[5 marks] (iii) Based on Table 7, compare the rate of reaction between

Berdasarkan Jadual 7 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Experiment I and experiment II

Eksperimen I and experiment II

Experiment II and experimen III

Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.
Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

A group of pupils carried out two experiments to study the rate of reaction between magnesium and two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid T. Table 10 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiument II. Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara magnesium dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asid T. Jadual 10 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Experiment Eksperimen Reactants Bahan tindak balas 0.6 g magnesium ribbon and 30 cm3 hydrochloric acid 2.0 mol dm-3 I 0.6 g pita magnesium dengan 30 cm3 hydrochloric acid 2.0 mol dm-3 0.6 g magnesium ribbon and 30 cm3 acid T 2.0 mol dm-3 0.6 g pita magnesium dengan 30 cm3 acid T 2.0 mol dm-3 Products Hasil tindak balas Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas Magnesium klorida dan gas hidrogen Observation Pemerhatian The temperature of the mixture increases. Suhu campuran meningkat

Magnesium sulphate and hydrogen gas Magnesium sulfat daan gas hidrogen

The temperature of the mixture increases. Suhu campuran meningkat

II

(a) (i)

Table 10 Jadual 10 Referring to Experiment II, state the name of acid T used. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of acid T with magnesium. Merujuk Eksperimen II, nyatakan nama asid T yang digunakan. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas asid T dengan magnesium. [2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i). On the energy profile diagram show the: Activation energy without a catalyst, Ea Activation energy with catalyst, Ea Heat of reaction, H

Explain the energy profile diagram Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas di 10(a)(i). Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu tunjukkan: Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, Ea Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea Haba tindak balas, H

Jelaskan gambar rajah profil tenaga itu. [10 marks] [10 markah]
5. A group of students conduct 2 experiments to study the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan 2 eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. The Table 8 below shows the information about the reactants. Jadual 8 di bawah menunjukkan maklumat bagi bahan tindak balas yang digunakan. Experiment Eksperimen Experiment I Eksperimen I Reactants Bahan tindak balas Excess zinc granules and 25cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid Ketulan zink berlebihan dan 25cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 moldm-3 Excess zinc granules, 25cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid and 5cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 copper sulphate(II) solution Ketulan zink berlebihan, 25cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 moldm-3 dan 5cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0 moldm-3. Table 8 Jadual 8

Experiment II Eksperimen II

Diagram 8 shows the result of two experiments. Rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan dua eksperimen di atas

Volume of gas 3 / cm Isipadu gas / 3 cm

Time / s Masa / s

Diagram 8 Rajah 8 (a) Based on the Diagram 8 above, label the curve for experiment I and experiment II. Berdasarkan Rajah 8 di atas, labelkan lengkungan bagi eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. [2 marks] (b) i. Based on this experiment, what is the factor that affects the rate of the reaction? Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimen ini? [1 mark] ii. What are other factors that affecting the rate of reaction? Apakah faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas? [4 marks]

(c)

Write the chemical equation for this experiment. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.. [3 marks]

(d) Based on Diagram 8, compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II. Your explanation must refer to the collision theory. Berdasarkan Rajah 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Huraian kamu mestilah merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran. [7 marks] (e) Calculate the maximum volume of gas liberated in this experiment. Given that the molar volume of any gas is 24dm3 mol-1 at room condition. Kira isipadu maksimum, gas yang terhasil di dalam eksperimen ini. Isipadu molar bagi sebarang gas adalah 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik. [3 marks]