ASDAS

BSC ver.
S11
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

General Overview How It Works
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
Bad C/I Low Speech Rate High Protection Full-rate TCH
Fair C/I Medium Speech Rate Medium Protection Full or Half-rate TCH
Good C/I High Speech Rate Low Protection Half-rate TCH
Nuts and Bolts Version
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
GSM ..........................................................................................................................................................4
GSM Overview ..............................................................................................................................................5
AMR ..........................................................................................................................................................6
AMR Overview ..............................................................................................................................................7 AMR Link Adaptation Modes..........................................................................................................................8 AMR Coding Modes.......................................................................................................................................8 AMR Modes Bit Rates ...................................................................................................................................9 AFS Speech Frame Interleaving and Burst Generation ................................................................................11 AMR Full-Rate Table (Formula and Reference) ...........................................................................................12 AMR Half-Rate Table (Formula and Reference)...........................................................................................12
AMR BSC Settings & Explanation ..........................................................13

AMR ( Nokia ) BSC Parameter List ..............................................................................................................14 Free FR TCH Resources in BSC (Explanation) ............................................................................................14 upper limit for FR TCH resources (HRU) BSC Level..................................................................................14 lower limit for FR TCH resources (HRL) BSC Level...................................................................................14 AMR configuration in handovers (ACH) BSC Level ...................................................................................15 AMR set grades enabled (ASG) BSC Level...............................................................................................15 Initial AMR channel rate (IAC) BSC Level .................................................................................................15 Slow AMR LA enabled (SAL) BSC Level...................................................................................................16 TCH in Handover (HRI) BSC Level ...........................................................................................................16
AMR BTS FR Settings & Explanation ...............................................18

AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR Parameter List .........................................................................................................19 Free FR TCH Resources in BTS (Explanation) ............................................................................................19 upper limit for FR TCH resources (FRU) BTS Level ..................................................................................19 lower limit for FR TCH resources (FRL) BTS Level....................................................................................19 AMR FR codec mode set (FRC) BTS Level...............................................................................................20 AMR FR initial codec mode indicator (ICMI) (FRI) BTS Level ....................................................................20 AMR FR start mode (FRS) BTS Level .......................................................................................................21 AMR FR threshold 1 (FRT1) BTS Level ....................................................................................................21 AMR FR threshold 2 (FRT2) BTS Level ....................................................................................................22 AMR FR threshold 3 (FRT3) BTS Level ....................................................................................................22 AMR FR hysteresis 1 (FRH1) BTS Level...................................................................................................22 AMR FR hysteresis 2 (FRH2) BTS Level...................................................................................................23 AMR FR hysteresis 3 (FRH3) BTS Level...................................................................................................23 AMR FR Link Adaptation, Threshold and Hysteresis (Process) ....................................................................24
AMR BTS HR Settings & Explanation...............................................25

AMR ( Nokia ) BTS HR Parameter List.........................................................................................................26 AMR HR codec mode set (HRC) BTS Level..............................................................................................26 AMR HR initial codec mode indicator (ICMI) (HRI) BTS Level ...................................................................26 AMR HR start mode (HRS) BTS Level ......................................................................................................27 AMR HR threshold 1 (HRT1) BTS Level....................................................................................................27 AMR HR threshold 2 (HRT2) BTS Level....................................................................................................28 AMR HR threshold 3 (HRT3) BTS Level....................................................................................................28 AMR HR hysteresis 1 (HRH1) BTS Level ..................................................................................................29 AMR HR hysteresis 2 (HRH2) BTS Level ..................................................................................................29 AMR HR hysteresis 3 (HRH3) BTS Level ..................................................................................................29 AMR HR Link Adaptation, Threshold and Hysteresis (Process) ....................................................................30
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
AMR BTS FR & HR Handover Settings ...........................................31

AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Handover Parameter List................................................................................32 AMR FR & HR Timeslot (Explanation)..........................................................................................................32 AMR FR & HR Handover Thresholds Parameter (View) ...............................................................................32 intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR FR (IHRF) BTS Level .............................................................................33 intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR HR (IHRH) BTS Level ............................................................................34 AMR BTS (IHRH & IHRF) Handover Examples (Together)...........................................................................35 threshold dl Rx qual for AMR FR (QDRF) BTS Level.................................................................................35 threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (QURF) BTS Level......................................................................................35 threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (QDRH) BTS Level.....................................................................................36 threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (QURH) BTS Level.....................................................................................36 AMR BTS All Handover Examples Together (Complete) ..............................................................................37
AMR BTS FR & HR Power Control Settings ...........................38

AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Power Control Parameter List.........................................................................39 Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (LDRF) BTS Level ........................................................................39 Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (UDRF) BTS Level .......................................................................39 Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (LURF) BTS Level ........................................................................39 Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (UURF) BTS Level .......................................................................39 AMR FR Power Control Example.................................................................................................................40 Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (LDRH) BTS Level .......................................................................40 Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (UDRH) BTS Level ......................................................................41 Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (LURH) BTS Level .......................................................................41 Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (UURH) BTS Level ......................................................................41 AMR HR Power Control Example ................................................................................................................42
AMR BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Settings ................................43

AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Parameter List ..........................................................................44 Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR FR (BCIF) BTS Level ........................................................................44 Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR FR (GCIF) BTS Level......................................................................44 Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR HR (BCIH) BTS Level .......................................................................45 Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR HR (GCIH) BTS Level .....................................................................45
AMR BSC Settings & Explanation QUIZ ................................47 AMR BTS FR Settings & Explanation QUIZ ......................50 AMR BTS HR Settings & Explanation QUIZ .....................53 AMR BTS FR & HR Handover Settings QUIZ .................55 AMR BTS FR & HR Power Control Settings QUIZ ..57 AMR BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Settings QUIZ .......60 Purpose/Intention/Confidentiality Statement .......................62
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

GSM Section
This next section gives you a quick refresher and overview into GSM.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
GSM Overview o In GSM, the scarce frequency resource is the most limiting factor. The service signal bandwidth had to be adapted to the limited traffic channels available air interface (gross) bit rate of 22.8 kbit/s, taking into account the Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation scheme and the requested robustness against transmission errors. The bit rate must be shared by the data signal and necessary error protection add on, as requested by the Quality of Service (QoS) class. o In a typical GSM system an almost error free operation can be achieved due to the powerful error protection techniques against transmission errors. However, when the Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I) drops below a certain threshold and too many errors occur, the protection mechanisms are no longer capable to cope with this high amount of errors. The residual errors will corrupt the decoding process and may lead to very annoying artifacts in the reconstructed speech signal. If there are too many errors, the connection is released. As mentioned before, the maximum bit rate of a traffic channel (1 timeslot) is 22.8 kbit/s, so for a full rate coder speech signal of 13 kbit/s rate, an additional 9.8 kbit/s are spent for error protection. For a lower rate speech signal the error protection effort can be increased up to the total of 22.8 kbit/s, resulting in a higher protection level and more transmission errors. Basically, communication is still possible for lower C/I values.
The GSM codec function is realized in the Mobile Station (MS) and on the other side it is part of the Transcoder Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) which is normally implemented with the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC). The transcoder changes the A- law companded input signal into a 13 bit linear quantized signal. By applying redundancy and irrelevancy reducing coding techniques the output signal shows a bit rate of 13 kbit/s only. Together with control information this signal is transmitted inside the Base station SubSystem (BSS) using 16 kbit/s transmission links. The BSS comprises of the Base Station Controller (BSC) and the Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The transmission frame on this interface is name TRAU frame. The base station adds specific Forward Error Correction (FEC) overhead to the speech data to cope with the critical radio conditions. Finally, in the receiver after error correction and decoding, the speech signal is delivered to the user. Previous GSM codecs operated at a standard fixed rate (13 kbit/s) and constant error protection level (9.8 kbit/s). Which was perfect for systems that had enough frequencies and resources to minimize the C/I and capacity issues.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11

AMR Section
This next section gives you a quick refresher, overview and introduction into AMR.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
AMR Overview o AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) adapts to the local radio channel and traffic conditions and helps control the C/I and capacity issues of the past. o With AMR, an adaptive codec may switch between different codec modes with different (decreasing) speech rates, but also different (increasing) protection levels to cope with changing radio conditions, but still keeps the communication link. AMR offers two (2) types of speech rates: Full-rate and Half-rate. AFS (AMR Full-rate Speech) offers the opportunity for rural coverage improvements and deeper inbuilding coverage because of the maximum robustness to channel errors. Only one Full-rate call is shared by one timeslot (1 to 1 timeslot relationship). AHS (AMR Half-rate Speech) is used for maximum capacity advantages because two (2) Half-rate calls can be shared by one timeslot (2 to 1 timeslot relationship).
In AMR there are three (3) basic fundamental correlations between speech rate and protection, in relation to the radio conditions. With Good radio conditions, (Signal Strength and QoS), you can obtain a high speech rate with low protection needed. With Fair radio conditions, (Signal Strength and QoS), you can obtain a medium speech rate with medium protection needed. With Bad radio conditions, (Signal Strength and QoS), you can obtain a low speech rate with high protection needed.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
AMR Link Adaptation Modes o Fast Link Adaptation (Not supported by Nokia) Delivers fast reaction to channel changes. BTS allows in-band codec mode changes on every other speech frame, once every 40 msec, or once every 8 TCH frames. o Slow Link Adaptation (Supported by Nokia) Delivers slow reactions at the rate of once every 480 msec. BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on SAACH frame intervals (480 msec). Offers best flexibility with HO & PC algorithms. AMR Coding Modes o AMR codec offers eight (8) different source rates between 12.2 kbit/s and 4.75 kbit/s. The difference between the speech data rate and the GSM full rate channel of 22.8 kbit/s (respectively 11.4 kbit/s for the half rate channel) is used for error protection or error control. The (AFS) Full-rate channel mode is directed for maximum robustness to channel errors, in which all eight (8) codec modes are applicable. (12.2 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 6.7 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s) The (AHS) Half-rate channel mode addresses maximum capacity issues, in which only the lower six (6) codec modes are applicable. (7.95 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 6.7 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s)
v Only up to four (4) codecs can be used during an ongoing call, regardless of Full-Rate Speech or Half-Rate Speech. v Set of four (4) codecs within an ongoing call can be changed only by a handover.
AMR codec mode sets for MS and BTS are provided by BSC via layer 3 signaling.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
AMR Modes Bit Rates o In AMR, at a speech coder output, a distinct number of bits per twenty (20) ms segment are delivered depending on the selected codec mode. This number of bits determines the bit rate. For channel coding these data streams will be regrouped in class 1a, class 1b and class 2 according to subjective importance and different error protection levels will be applied. In AFS, class 1a and 1b bits are protected by specific channel encoding schemes. Due to the higher channel capacity in the full rate channel, all bits are protected, so there is no need for any class 2 unprotected bits. In AHS, class 1a and 1b bits are protected by specific channel encoding schemes. Class 2 bits are of minor importance and are not protected during radio transmission.
High Speech Rate Low Protection
Medium Speech Rate Medium Protection
Low Speech Rate High Protection
Protected by (6) CRC bits
Unprotected bits
In AMR, the speech frames are delivered by the speech coder in a sequence of blocks. The length of each speech frame depends on the actual used codec mode. In addition, the two (2) bits in-band signaling describing the codec modes are fed to the channel coder used for either codec mode indication or codec mode commands/requests, depending on the frame number. In AFS there are two (2) inputs which are handled differently: 1st, the two (2) bits in-band signaling will be precoded to a length of eight (8) bits. 2nd, for the speech frame, the first step is a reordering of the speech bits into two (2) classes: class 1a bits and class 1b bits, according to their subjective importance.
speech coder delivers speech frames ?
2 in-band bits precoded to 8 in-band bits
? speech bits reordered into class 1a and class 1b bits
AMR N&B(v1.4)
BSC ver. S11
Next, class 1a bits have a strong influence on speech quality, so they are additionally protected by six (6) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits. Tail bits are used at the end to reset the convolutional coder and their length differs between 4 bits and 6 bits. Next, the class 1a bits, plus its six (6) CRC bits, class 1b bits and the tail bits are coded by a convolutional coder. For the different codec modes, different coding rates of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 are applied. After the coding process, the output rate exceeds the maximum number of four burst transmission. Puncturing has to be applied to fix the coded speech bits to a constant length of 448 bits. The number of bits to be punctured depends on the codec mode. Lastly, the coded and punctured speech data is appended to the precoded in-band signal. The total length is now 456 bits and after interleaving over eight (8) sub-blocks of 57 bits each, will be mapped to normal bursts of 114 bits each for transmission.
2 in-band bits coded to 8 in-band
? tail bits reset convolutional coder
? class 1a, CRC, class 1b and tail bits coded by convolutional coder
? speech bits punctured because too many bits for 456 bit speech frame, then 8 coded in-band bits added.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11
AFS Speech Frame Interleaving and Burst Generation o The 456 channel coded bits will be completely re-ordered and re-arranged to eight (8) sub-blocks of 57 bits each, as follows: v v v v v v v v v v Coded bit 0 is put into sub-block 1 and position 0 Coded bit 1 is put into sub-block 2 and position 49 Coded bit 2 is put into sub-block 3 and position 41 Coded bit 3 is put into sub-block 4 and position 33 Coded bit 4 is put into sub-block 5 and position 25 Coded bit 5 is put into sub-block 6 and position 17 Coded bit 6 is put into sub-block 7 and position 9 Coded bit 7 is put into sub-block 8 and position 1 Coded bit 8 is put into sub-block 1 and position 50 Coded bit 9 is put into sub-block 2 and position 42 : : : v Coded bit 455 is put into sub-block 8 and position 8
Then sub-blocks are interleaved over eight (8) sub-blocks, then mapped to bursts of 114 bits each (normal bursts). A normal burst always include bits from two (2) different speech frames, in which even bits come from the higher frame number (N+1) and odd bits come from the lower frame (N). The first four (4) sub-blocks (1-4) of frame N are mapped onto the even bits of four (4) normal bursts. The second four (4) sub-blocks (5-8) of frame N are mapped onto the odd bits of the following four (4) normal bursts.
( 456 bit, once every 20 msec ) ?
( 456 bit 8 sub-blocks = 57 bit ) ?
( Normal Burst format = 114 bit ) ? Transmitted on the corresponding users slots of the TCH
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11
AMR Full-Rate Table (Formula and Reference) Net Bit Formula: [ ( A + B + C + D ) x 2 + E ] = F G = H Speech Frame Formula: { H + I = J } Sub-block Formula: ( J K = L ) Example: [ ( 81 + 163 + 6 + 4 ) x 2 + 0 ] = 508 60 = 448 (12.2 kbit/s) { 448 + 8 = 456 (22.8 kbit/s) } ( 456 8 = 57 )
Coder Rate (kbit/s) # bits per # 1a bits # 1b bits 20 msec A 12.2 10.2 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75 244 204 159 148 134 118 103 95 81 65 75 61 55 55 49 39 B 163 139 84 87 79 63 54 56 # CRC bits C 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1/2 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/4 1/4 1/5 1/5 FEC rate # Tail bits D 4 4 6 4 4 6 4 6 Total # coded bits F 508 642 513 474 576 520 565 535 # # in-band Speech Punctured Net # bits coded Frame bits bits bits G 60 194 65 26 128 72 117 87 H 448 448 448 448 448 448 448 448 I 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 J 456 456 456 456 456 456 456 456 # Subblocks K 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 # Subblock bits L 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 # Formatted Burst bits
# 2 bits
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AMR Half-Rate Table (Formula and Reference) Net Bit Formula: [ ( A + B + C + D ) x 2 ] = F - G = X + E = H Speech Frame Formula: { H + I = Y x 2 (for two calls) = J } Sub-block Formula: ( J K = L ) Example: [ ( 67 + 56 + 6 + 4 ) x 2 ] = 266 78 = 188 + 36 = 224 (7.95 kbit/s) { 224 + 4 = 228 (11.4 kbit/s) x 2 = 456 (22.8 kbit/s) } ( 456 8 = 57 )
Coder Rate (kbit/s) # bits per # 1a bits # 1b bits 20 msec A x x 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75 x x 159 148 134 118 103 95 x x 67 61 55 55 49 39 B x x 56 59 55 47 42 44 # CRC bits C x x 6 6 6 6 6 6 x x 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/3 FEC rate # Tail bits D x x 4 4 4 4 4 6 Total # coded bits F x x 266 260 240 224 303 285 # # in-band Speech Punctured Net # bits coded Frame bits bits bits G x x 78 64 40 16 91 73 H x x 224 224 224 224 224 224 I x x 4 4 4 4 4 4 J x x 456 456 456 456 456 456 # Subblocks K x x 8 8 8 8 8 8 # Subblock bits L x x 57 57 57 57 57 57 x x 114 114 114 114 114 114 # Formatted Burst bits
# 2 bits
E x x 36 28 24 16 12 12
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11

AMR BSC Settings & Explanation For Free FR TCH Resource Settings Configuration in Handovers Settings Grades Enabled Settings Initial Channel Rate Settings Slow LA Enabled Settings TCH Rate Internal Handover Settings Section
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11
AMR ( Nokia ) BSC Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR BSC level parameters .
BSC PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" Name HRL HRU HRI IAC ACH ASG SAL Q3 NAME btsLoadDepTCHRate btsLoadDepTCHRate tchRateInternalHO initAmrChannelRate amrConfinHandovers amrSetGradesEnabl slowAmrLaEnabled 0 0 1 1 1 Y Y RANGE ... ... .. / / / 100 100 5 2 2 N N UNIT % % MMl 100 0 1 1 1 N N MML ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO ZEEM, ZEEO
Free FR TCH Resources in BSC (Explanation) o HRL and HRU are set on the BSC level, but the load evaluation is based on individual BTSs. o BTS level parameter: btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL) and (FRU) are BTS specific parameters which have priority over the BSC level parameter: btsLoadDepTCHRate (HRL) and (HRU). The features are disabled when you set: (BSC level) HRL > HRU or (BTS level) FRL > FRU. Disabled parameter example: (BSC level) HRL = 100 > HRU = 0 or (BTS level) FRL = 80 > FRU = 20.
v This parameter controls the TCH channel rate determination on the BSC level according to the cell load in the traffic channel allocation.
upper limit for FR TCH resources (HRU) BSC Level Q3 name: btsLoadDepTCHRate Range: 0100 (%)
Description: With this parameter you define the upper limit for the percentage of free full rate resources. Full rate TCHs are allocated when the number of free full rate resources exceeds the value of the parameter. Basically, stop HR call packing. lower limit for FR TCH resources (HRL) BSC Level Q3 name: btsLoadDepTCHRate Range: 0100 (%) Description: With this parameter you define the lower limit for the percentage of free full rate resources. Full rate TCHs are allocated until the number of free full rate resources is reduced below the value of the parameter. The half rate resources are then allocated. Basically, start HR call packing, FR HR. FREE FR TCHs in BSC EXAMPLE ( HRU ) ( HRL ) Upper % of free FR TCHs Lower % of free FR TCHs
v This parameter controls the TCH channel rate determination on the BSC level according to the cell load in the traffic channel allocation.
OSS, RNW Manager, BSC Level, OPT Parameters tab
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11
% N O T U S E D T C H s
% 100 70
Stop HR
FREE FR TCHs in BSC EXAMPLE Upper limit for free FR TCHs btsLoadDepTCHRate (HRU)
No Action Required = TCH usage in all BTSs within the BSC
50 30
Start HR
Lower limit for free FR TCHs btsLoadDepTCHRate (HRL) Time Allocation of AMR FR calls Packing of AMR FR to AMR HR calls FR HR
v
0 Allocation of AMR FR calls
AMR configuration in handovers (ACH) BSC Level Q3 name: amrConfInHandovers
If the multirate configuration of source and target BTS are the same, then these 2 parameters have no impact.
Range: 1 = The currently used multirate configuration is preferred in further channel allocations. Basically, in a HO should the call use the Source cell AMR configuration or the Target cell AMR configuration? 1 = Use the Source cell AMR configuration! 2 = The multirate configuration of target BTS is preferred in further channel allocations. Basically, in a HO should the call use the Source cell AMR configuration or the Target cell AMR configuration? 2 = Use the Target cell AMR configuration! Description: With this parameter you define the preference between the current used multirate configuration and the one defined for the target BTS during internal (intra-cell) and external (inter-cell) handovers. AMR set grades enabled (ASG) BSC Level Q3 name: amrSetGradesEnabl
v If the multirate configuration of source and target BTS are the same, then these 2 parameters have no impact.
Range: Y = Downgrades and upgrades are applied. Basically, if an (Source) UltraSite hands off to a (Target) MetroSite, should there be a downgrade or upgrade after HO? Y = Yes! N = Downgrades and upgrades are not applied. Basically, if an (Source) UltraSite hands off to a (Target) MetroSite, should there be a downgrade or upgrade after HO? N = No! Description: With this parameter you define whether codec mode set downgrades during internal (intra-cell) HOs and upgrades after internal (intra-cell) HOs are applied or not. Initial AMR channel rate (IAC) BSC Level Q3 name: initAmrChannelRate
v tchRateInternalHo and tchRateIntraCellHo are overridden by this parameter.
Range: 1 = Any Rate, there are no extra requirements by the parameter and the chosen channel rate is defined by taking into account the currently used information for channel allocation. Basically, should the call go to either FR or HR 1st during a HO or initial call setup? 1 = Either, FR or HR! 2 = AMR FR is allocated over AMR HR, despite any of the values of the currently used information for channel allocation. Basically, should the call go to FR or HR 1st during a HO or initial call setup? 2 = FR only! Description: With this parameter you define the initial channel in call setup, internal (intra-cell) HOs and external (inter-cell) HOs for an AMR call. AMR N&B(v1.4) 15
BSC ver. S11
Slow AMR LA enabled (SAL) BSC Level Q3 name: slowAmrLaEnabled
Nokia supports, Slow AMR LA, where codec mode changes happen every SAACH period (480ms), instead of as fast as 40ms.
Range: Y = Fast LA (Link Adaptation) [40ms]. Not supported by Nokia N = Slow LA [480ms]. Supported by Nokia Description: With this parameter you define the AMR link adaptation (LA) mode within the BSS. Basically, think of this parameter as the opposite, if selected, then Fast LA, if not selected Slow LA. AMR BSC EXAMPLE
( ACH ) ( IAC )
( SAL ) ( ASG )
OSS, RNW Manager, BSC Level, OPT Parameter tab
= Y or 1
= N or 0
TCH in Handover (HRI) BSC Level Q3 name: tchRateInternalHo Range: (Actual Rate) 1 = The call serving type of TCH has to be primarily allocated. The call serving type of speech codec inside the call serving type of TCH can change. Basically, during a handover, the Target TCH type must match the Source TCH type, but the speech codec inside of the Source TCH can be allocated to the Target TCH types speech codec, even if it is different.
Source TCHF CM-4 Target TCHF (No Change Allowed) CM-1 (Change Allowed)
(Data Call) 2 = The call serving type of TCH and the call serving type of speech codec are preferred to be primarily allocated during the speech connection. The channel rate change is possible during data connection, if necessary, and if the radio interface data rate allows it. Basically, during a handover, 1st see if the Target TCH type and Target speech codec inside of the Target TCH type, can be matched to the Source TCH type and Source speech codec inside the Source TCH type, if not, then use the preferred, (based on C/I), Target TCH type and/or Target speech codec inside of the Target TCH type. Also, if there is a data connection, the Source data rate can be allocated to the Target data rate, even if it is different.
Source TCHF CM-4 Data MCS-1 Target TCHF (No Change, if possible) CM-4 (No Change, if possible) Data MCS-2 (Change Allowed)
(No Rate Change) 3 = The call serving type of TCH and the serving type of speech codec are not allowed to change. Basically, during a handover, the Target TCH type and the speech codec inside of the Target TCH type must match the Source TCH type and Source speech codec inside the Source TCH type.
Source TCHF CM-2 Target TCHF (No Change Allowed) CM-2 (No Change Allowed)
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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(Preferred Rate) 4 = The preferred channel rate of TCH and preferred speech codec have to be primarily allocated. Basically, during a handover, the Target TCH type and the speech codec inside of the Target TCH type do not have to match the Source TCH type and Source speech codec inside the Source TCH type. The call will switch over to the new Target TCH type and new Target speech codec inside of the new Target TCH type.
Source TCHH CM-4 Target TCHF (Change Required) CM-1 (Change Required)
(Best Candidate) 5 = TCH has to be primarily allocated from the best BTS of the handover candidate list. Basically, during a handover, the Source TCH type and speech codec inside of the Source TCH type will be allocated only to the Best Target Candidates TCH type and only to the Best Target Candidates speech codec inside of the Best Target Candidates TCH type.
Source TCHF CM-1 Target (Best Candidate Only) TCHF (Change Required) CM-2 (Change Required)
Description: With this parameter you define the traffic channel allocation during BSS internal or external handovers. The parameter controls the target cell selection and the TCH channel rate and speech codec determination in traffic channel allocation. Basically, during a handover, define whether the call can or cannot change TCH type, speech codec and data.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11

AMR BTS FR Settings & Explanation For Free FR TCH Resource Settings FR Codec Mode Settings FR Threshold Settings FR Hysteresis Settings Section
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver. S11
AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR FR BTS level parameters .
BTS PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" FRL FRU FRC FRH1 FRH2 FRH3 FRS FRT1 FRT2 FRT3 ICMI-FRI Q3 NAME btsSpLoadDepTCHRate btsSpLoadDepTCHRate amrConfigurationFr: codecModeSet amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis1 amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis2 amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis3 amrConfigurationFr: startMode amrConfigurationFr: threshold1 amrConfigurationFr: threshold2 amrConfigurationFr: threshold3 amrConfigurationFr: initCodecMode 0 0 RANGE ... ... 100 100 UNIT % % kbit/s 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB
MMl 100 0 12.2 10.2 7.40 5.9 1 2 2 00 22 28 0 0
MML ZEQM, ZEQO ZEQM, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO
0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 (0 or 1 - 4 values by using &) 0 0 0 15 15 15
00=CM-1, 01=CM-2, 10=CM-3, 11=CM-4 0 0 0 0 / 63 63 63 1
0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB
Free FR TCH Resources in BTS (Explanation) o BTS level parameters: btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL) and (FRU) are set on the BTS level for each BTS, which has priority over the BSC level parameters: btsLoadDepTCHRate (HRL) and (HRU). o The features are disabled when you set: (BSC level) HRL > HRU or (BTS level) FRL > FRU. Disabled parameter example: (BSC level) HRL = 100 > HRU = 0 or (BTS level) FRL = 80 > FRU = 20.
upper limit for FR TCH resources (FRU) BTS Level Q3 name: btsSpLoadDepTCHRate Range: 0100 (%) Description: With this parameter you define the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be available for traffic channel allocation. Full rate TCHs are again allocated when the number of the free full rate resources increases above the threshold given by the parameter. Basically, stop HR call packing. lower limit for FR TCH resources (FRL) BTS Level Q3 name: btsSpLoadDepTCHRate Range: 0100 (%) Description: With this parameter you define the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be available for traffic channel allocation. Full rate TCHs are allocated until the number of free full rate resources is reduced below the threshold given in the parameter. The half rate resources are then allocated. Basically, start HR call packing, FR HR. FREE FR TCHs EXAMPLE This feature is disabled at the BTS level because FRL (100) > FRU (0) ( FRU ) ( FRL )
Upper % of free FR TCHs Lower % of free FR TCHs
OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT Parameters tab
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% N O T U S E D T C H s
% 100 70
Stop HR
FREE FR TCHs in BTS EXAMPLE

Upper limit for free FR TCHs btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRU)
No Action Required
50 30
Start HR
= TCH usage in BTS

Lower limit for free FR TCHs btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL)
0 Allocation of AMR FR calls Packing of AMR FR to AMR HR calls FR HR Allocation of AMR FR calls
Time
AMR FR codec mode set (FRC) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: codecModeSet Range: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 kbit/s
v If this parameter is defined as disabled, then other AMR FR set related parameters (thresholds, hysteresis, ICMI and start mode) are set as 0.
You can give 0 or 1 4 values at the same time by using the wild card character &. Basically, 0 = AMR FR set parameters are disabled; or select from 1 up to 4 values, such as: [1st value] 1 (4.75) + [2nd value] 4 (5.90) + [3rd value] 16 (7.40) + [4th value] 128 (12.20) = 149 Description: With this parameter you define the codec mode set for a full rate channel. If the parameter is defined as disabled, then the whole codec mode set is disabled. AMR FR initial codec mode indicator (ICMI) (FRI) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: initCodecMode Range: 0 = Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM 05.09 GSM 05.09 rule = Depending on the number of codecs in ACS (Active Codec Set up to 4 codecs): 1 mode = Only codec defined in ACS. 2 or 3 modes = The most robust mode of ACS (lowest bit rate). 4 modes = Second most robust mode of the set. 1 = Initial codec mode is defined by the Start Mode field, [ AMR FR start mode (FRS) ]. Description: With this parameter you define whether the initial codec mode used by the mobile station is defined explicitly in the AMR codec mode set or is it implicitly derived by the mobile station from the amount of codec modes in the AMR codec mode set. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. If this parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR FR start mode parameter is set as 00.
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AMR FR start mode (FRS) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: startMode Range: 00 = Codec mode 1 01 = Codec mode 2 10 = Codec mode 3 11 = Codec mode 4
Description: With this parameter you define explicitly the initial codec mode used by the mobile station. Basically, if ICMI-FRI = 0, then FRS = 00; if ICMI-FRI = 1, then FRS = 00 or 01 or 10 or 11, telling the mobile which mode to initially start with. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. If this parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR FR start mode parameter is set as 00. AMR BTS FR EXAMPLE ( ICMI ) ( FRI )
0 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0001 (0010 (0100 (1000 0000) 0001) 0010) 0100) 1000) 0000) 0000) 0000) 0000) = disabled = 4.75 kbit/s = 5.15 kbit/s = 5.90 kbit/s = 6.70 kbit/s = 7.40 kbit/s = 7.95 kbit/s = 10.2 kbit/s = 12.2 kbit/s
( FRS ) = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 ( FRC )
( FRC )
= Selected
= Not Selected
OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab
AMR FR threshold 1 (FRT1) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: threshold1 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bitrate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the FR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 2 to Codec Mode 1. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR threshold 2 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 3.
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AMR FR threshold 2 (FRT2) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: threshold2 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the FR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 3 to Codec Mode 2. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR threshold 2 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 3. AMR FR threshold 3 (FRT3) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: threshold3 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 4 (fourth lowest bitrate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the FR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 4 to Codec Mode 3. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR threshold 2 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 3. AMR BTS FR EXAMPLE ( FRT1 ) ( FRT2 ) ( FRT3 ) ( 8.0 dB x 2 = 16, 0.5 dB step ) ( 11.0 dB x 2 = 22, 0.5 dB step ) ( 15.0 dB x 2 = 30, 0.5 dB step )
OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab AMR FR hysteresis 1 (FRH1) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis1 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 1, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the FRT1 threshold. Ex: FRT1 (10) + FRH1 (2) = 12. When this threshold is breached (12), it allows the FR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 1 to Codec Mode 2. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds and the relating hysteresis must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 and AMR FR hysteresis 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2, and so on for AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3.
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AMR FR hysteresis 2 (FRH2) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis2 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 2, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the FRT2 threshold. Ex: FRT2 (14) + FRH2 (2) = 16. When this threshold is breached (16), it allows the FR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 2 to Codec Mode 3. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds and the relating hysteresis must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 and AMR FR hysteresis 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2, and so on for AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3. AMR FR hysteresis 3 (FRH3) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis3 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 3, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 4 (fourth lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the FRT3 threshold. Ex: FRT3 (18) + FRH3 (2) = 20. When this threshold is breached (20), it allows the FR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 3 to Codec Mode 4. v If the AMR FR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds and the relating hysteresis must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 and AMR FR hysteresis 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2, and so on for AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3. AMR BTS FR EXAMPLE ( FRH1 ) ( FRH2 ) ( FRH3 ) ( 1.0 dB x 2 = 2, 0.5 dB step ) ( 1.0 dB x 2 = 2, 0.5 dB step ) ( 1.0 dB x 2 = 2, 0.5 dB step )
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AMR FR Link Adaptation, Threshold and Hysteresis (Process) o For a Full Rate call to move from a higher codec mode to a lower codec mode, it must break the lower threshold limit, (From CODEC_MODE_4 to CODEC_MODE_3, it must break THR_3LR limit). o For a Full Rate call to move from a lower codec mode to a higher codec mode, it must break the upper threshold limit, (From CODEC_MODE_2 to CODEC_MODE_3, it must break THR_2UR limit).
The numbers used in the following example, for modes, thresholds and hysteresis , were taken from the examples above. AMR BTS FR EXAMPLE
Good C/I CODEC_MODE_4 (128 = 12.2 kbit/s) FRT3 (30=15.0dB) + FRH3 (2=1.0dB) = THR_3UR (16.0dB) (Up from MODE_3) FRT3 (30=15.0dB) CODEC_MODE_3 (16 = 7.4 kbit/s) FRT2 (22=11.0dB) + FRH2 (2=1.0dB) = THR_2UR (12.0dB) (Up from MODE_2) FRT2 (22=11.0dB) CODEC_MODE_2 (4 = 5.9 kbit/s) FRT1 (16=8.0dB) + FRH1 (2=1.0dB) = THR_1UR (9.0dB) (Up from MODE_1) FRT1 (16=8.0dB) CODEC_MODE_1 (1 = 4.75 kbit/s) Bad C/I = THR_1LR (8.0dB) (Down from MODE_2) = THR_2LR (11.0dB) (Down from MODE_3) = THR_3LR (15.0dB) (Down from MODE_4)
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AMR BTS HR Settings & Explanation For HR Codec Mode Settings HR Threshold Settings HR Hysteresis Settings Section
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AMR ( Nokia ) BTS HR Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR HR BTS level parameters .
BTS PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" HRC HRH1 HRH2 HRH3 HRS HRT1 HRT2 HRT3 ICMI-HRI Q3 NAME amrConfigurationHr: codecModeSet amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis1 amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis2 amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis3 amrConfigurationHr: startMode amrConfigurationHr: threshold1 amrConfigurationHr: threshold2 amrConfigurationHr: threshold3 amrConfigurationHr: initCodecMode RANGE 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 (0 or 1 - 4 values by using &) 0 0 0 15 15 15 UNIT kbit/s 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB MMl 7.40 5.90 4.75 2 2 0 00 22 28 0 0 MML ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO ZEQY, ZEQO
00=CM-1, 01=CM-2, 10=CM-3, 11=CM-4 0 0 0 0 / 63 63 63 1
AMR HR codec mode set (HRC) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: codecModeSet Range: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 kbit/s
If this parameter is defined as disabled, then other AMR HR set related parameters (thresholds, hysteresis, ICMI and start mode) are set as 0.
You can give 0 or 1 4 values at the same time by using the wild card character &. Basically, 0 = AMR FR set parameters are disabled; or select from 1 up to 4 values, such as: [1st value] 1 (4.75) + [2nd value] 4 (5.90) + [3rd value] 16 (7.40) = 21 Description: With this parameter you define the codec mode set for a full rate channel. If the parameter is defined as disabled, then the whole codec mode set is disabled. AMR HR initial codec mode indicator (ICMI) (HRI) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: initCodecMode Range: 0 = Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM 05.09 GSM 05.09 = Depending on the number of codecs in ACS (Active Codec Set up to 4 codecs): 1 mode = Only codec defined in ACS. 2 or 3 modes = The most robust mode of ACS (lowest bit rate). 4 modes = Second most robust mode of the set. 1 = Initial codec mode is defined by the Start Mode field, [ AMR HR start mode (HRS) ]. Description: With this parameter you define whether the initial codec mode used by the mobile station is defined explicitly in the AMR codec mode set or is it implicitly derived by the mobile station from the amount of codec modes in the AMR codec mode set.
v If the AMR HR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. If this parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR HR start mode parameter is set as 00.
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AMR HR start mode (HRS) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: startMode Range: 00 = Codec mode 1 01 = Codec mode 2 10 = Codec mode 3 11 = Codec mode 4
Description: With this parameter you define explicitly the initial codec mode used by the mobile station. Basically, if ICMI-HRI = 0, then HRS = 00; if ICMI-HRI = 1, then HRS = 00 or 01 or 10 or 11, telling the mobile which mode to initially start with.
v If the AMR HR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. If this parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR HR start mode parameter is set as 00.
AMR BTS HR EXAMPLE ( ICMI ) ( HRI )

0 1 2 4 8 16 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0000 (0001 0000) 0001) 0010) 0100) 1000) 0000) = disabled = 4.75 kbit/s = 5.15 kbit/s = 5.90 kbit/s = 6.70 kbit/s = 7.40 kbit/s
( HRS ) = 1 + 4 + 16 ( HRC )
( HRC )
= Selected
= Not Selected OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab
AMR HR threshold 1 (HRT1) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: threshold1 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bitrate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the HR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 2 to Codec Mode 1.
v If the AMR HR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds must be in consistent order, that is, AMR HR threshold 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR threshold 2 must be equal to or smaller than AMR HR threshold 3.
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AMR HR threshold 2 (HRT2) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: threshold2 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the HR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 3 to Codec Mode 2.
AMR HR threshold 3 (HRT3) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: threshold3 Range: 0 to 63 [ 0.0 to 31.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 4 (fourth lowest bitrate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0. Basically, when this threshold is breached, it allows the HR call to move (down) from Codec Mode 4 to Codec Mode 3. Note: if a 4th mode, (Codec Mode 4), was not selected for AMR HR, then regardless if the hysteresis (HRH3) and the threshold (HRT3) is set, it will be ignored because there is no where for the MS to go. Ex: HRT3 (16) + HRH3 (2) = 18. Normally, in this case, HRT3 is set to 0 and HRH3 is set to 0.
AMR BTS HR EXAMPLE ( HRT1 ) ( HRT2 ) ( HRT3 ) ( 11.0 dB x 2 = 22, 0.5 dB step ) ( 14.0 dB x 2 = 28, 0.5 dB step ) ( 0.0 dB x 2 = 0, 0.5 dB step )
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AMR HR hysteresis 1 (HRH1) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis1 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR HR threshold 1, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the HRT1 threshold. Ex: HRT1 (8) + HRH1 (2) = 10. When this threshold is breached (10), it allows the HR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 1 to Codec Mode 2.
v If the AMR HR codec mode set parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. The thresholds and the relating hysteresis must be in consistent order, that is, AMR HR threshold 1 and AMR HR hysteresis 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2, and so on for AMR HR threshold 3 and AMR HR hysteresis 3.
AMR HR hysteresis 2 (HRH2) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis2 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR HR threshold 2, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the HRT2 threshold. Ex: HRT2 (12) + HRH2 (2) = 14. When this threshold is breached (14), it allows the HR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 2 to Codec Mode 3.
AMR HR hysteresis 3 (HRH3) BTS Level Q3 name: amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis3 Range: 0 to 15 [ 0.0 to 7.5 dB ], ie: 2 = 1 dB Description: With this parameter, together with AMR HR threshold 3, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 4 (fourth lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0. Basically, if a 4th mode, (Codec Mode 4), was selected, then the hysteresis is used to set the delta above the HRT3 threshold. Ex: HRT3 (16) + HRH3 (2) = 18. When this threshold is breached (18), it allows the HR call to move (up) from Codec Mode 3 to Codec Mode 4. However, if a 4th mode, (Codec Mode 4), was not selected for AMR HR, then regardless if the hysteresis (HRH3) and the threshold (HRT3) is set, it will be ignored because there is no where for the MS to go. Ex: HRT3 (16) + HRH3 (2) = 18. Normally, in this case, HRT3 is set to 0 and HRH3 is set to 0.
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AMR BTS HR EXAMPLE ( HRH1 ) ( HRH2 ) ( HRH3 ) ( 2.0 dB x 2 = 4, 0.5 dB step ) ( 2.0 dB x 2 = 4, 0.5 dB step ) ( 0.0 dB x 2 = 0, 0.5 dB step )
AMR HR Link Adaptation, Threshold and Hysteresis (Process) o For a Half Rate call to move from a higher codec mode to a lower codec mode, it must break the lower threshold limit, (From CODEC_MODE_4 to CODEC_MODE_3, it must break THR_3LR limit). o For a Half Rate call to move from a lower codec mode to a higher codec mode, it must break the upper threshold limit, (From CODEC_MODE_2 to CODEC_MODE_3, it must break THR_2UR limit).
The numbers used in the following example, for modes, thresholds and hysteresis , were taken from the examples above. Good C/I CODEC_MODE_4 (-- kbit/s) HRT3 (0=0.0dB) + HRH3 (0=0.0dB) = THR_3UR (0.0dB) (Up from MODE_3) HRT3 (0=0.0dB) CODEC_MODE_3 (16 7.4 kbit/s) = THR_3LR (0.0dB) (Down from MODE_4) AMR BTS HR EXAMPLE
HRT2 (28=14.0dB) + HRH2 (4=2.0dB) = THR_2UR (16.0dB) (Up from MODE_2) HRT2 (28=14.0dB) = THR_2LR (14.0dB) (Down from MODE_3)
CODEC_MODE_2 (4 5.9 kbit/s)
HRT1 (22=11.0dB) + HRH1 (4=2.0dB) = THR_1UR (13.0dB) (Up from MODE_1) HRT1 (22=11.0dB) = THR_1LR (11.0dB) (Down from MODE_2)
CODEC_MODE_1 (1 4.75 kbit/s) Bad C/I
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AMR BTS FR & HR Handover Settings For FR Handover Threshold Settings HR Handover Threshold Settings Section
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AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Handover Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR FR and HR BTS level parameters .
BTS PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" IHRF IHRH QDRF QDRH QURF QURH amrHandoverFr amrHandoverHr Threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR Threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR Threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR Threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR Q3 NAME 0 0 0 0 0 0 RANGE 7 7 7 7 7 7 UNIT MMl 0 0 4 4 4 4 MML ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO
AMR FR & HR Timeslot (Explanation) o In AMR, each timeslot of each TRX is assigned to be either TCHF (Full-Rate), TCHH (Half-Rate) or TCHD (Dual-Rate). It is with those timeslot assignments where the Pack and Unpack feature comes into meaning. Pack means, handover from two (2) TCHF timeslots to one (1) TCHH timeslot or one (1) TCHD timeslot. Unpack means, handover from one (1) TCHH timeslot to two (2) TCHF timeslots or from one (1) TCHD timeslot to two (2) TCHF timeslots. AMR FR & HR TSL EXAMPLE
General Resource Example 3 TRXs x 8 TS/TRX = 24 TS 24 TS (B TS + S TS + G TS) = 20 TS 20 TS x 30% = 6 HR TS or 6 DR TS Handovers are normally performed from: [ Pack ]: 1) FR HR; 2) FR DR; [ Unpack ]: 3) HR FR; 4) DR FR depending upon the BTS load.
G = CDED/CDEF TS B = BCCH TS RTSL TRX-1 0 B 1 S 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 G 7 G
TRX-2
TRX-3 S = SDCCH/8 TS
F = FR TS
H = HR TS
D = FR/HR TS
AMR FR & HR Handover Thresholds Parameter (View) o In AMR, the following FR and HR parameters, as indicated below, deal with intra-cell and inter-cell handovers, in regards to Pack and Unpack. AMR FR & HR BTS Handover EXAMPLE ( QDRF ) ( QURF ) [ Pack ] ( IHRF ) Qual = 6 Qual = 6 Qual = 2
( QDRH ) ( QURH ) [ Unpack ] ( IHRH )
Qual = 6 Qual = 6 Qual = 4
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intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR FR (IHRF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverFr Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07)
Each example will build upon each other, bringing you into the BIG PICTURE
Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR FR call in order to switch it to an AMR HR call. Basically, this parameter sets the intra-cell HO threshold boundary for a FR call, if it breaches this threshold, it will (pack) handover from a FR timeslot to a HR timeslot.
QUAL 0
AMR FR BTS HO EXAMPLE

AMR HR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRF = 2, ( 2 0 ), switch from FR TS HR TS [ Pack ]
amrHandoverFr (IHRF)
5
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0 GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
IHRF = 2 ( 0.4% - 0.8% )
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intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR HR (IHRH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverHr Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07)
Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR HR call in order to switch it to an AMR FR call. Basically, this parameter sets the intra-cell HO threshold boundary, for a HR call, if it breaches this threshold, it will (unpack) handover from a HR timeslot to a FR timeslot.
QUAL 0
AMR HR BTS HO EXAMPLE
amrHandoverHr (IHRH)
5
AMR FR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRH = 4, ( 4 7 ), switch from HR TS FR TS, [ Unpack ]
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
IHRH = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% )
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AMR BTS (IHRH & IHRF) Handover Examples (Together) o This slide shows how the two parameters, IHRH and IHRF, fit together and operate in regards to intra-cell handovers, with respect to Pack and Unpack.
QUAL 0
AMR BTS HO EXAMPLE
AMR HR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRF = 2 , ( 2 0 ), switch from a FR TS HR TS, [ Pack ]
5
AMR FR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRH = 4, ( 4 7 ), switch from HR TS FR TS, [ Unpack ]
6
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
IHRF = 2 ( 0.4% - 0.8% ) IHRH = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% )

This slide shows the IHRF and IHRH parameters combined, taken from the prior two (2) slides.
threshold dl Rx qual for AMR FR (QDRF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverFR.thresholdDIRXQual Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07) Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR FR set. Basically, this parameter sets the threshold boundary in downlink for an inter-cell FR call HO. threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (QURF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverFR.thresholdUIRXQual Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07) Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR FR set. Basically, this parameter sets the threshold boundary in uplink for an inter-cell FR call HO.
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threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (QDRH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverHR.thresholdDIRXQual Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07) Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR HR set. Basically, this parameter sets the threshold boundary in downlink for an inter-cell HR call HO. threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (QURH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverHR.thresholdUIRXQual Range: 0..7 (hence: Quality Class 07) Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR HR set. Basically, this parameter sets the threshold boundary in uplink for an inter-cell HR call HO.
QUAL 0
AMR BTS HO EXAMPLE
Amr: (QDRF) (QURF) Amr: (QDRH) (QURH)
AMR FR & HR TS Call [ Inter-cell HO ] If quality breaks, (QDRF or QURF or QDRH or QURH) = 6, ( 6 7 ), inter-cell HO
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 LEV
AMR Inter-cell HO Types HR FR FR FR
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AMR BTS All Handover Examples Together (Complete) o This slide shows how the all of the parameters, IHRH, IHRF, QDRF, QURF, QDRH and QURH fit together and operate in regards to intra-cell and inter-cell handovers, with respect to Pack and Unpack.
AMR BTS HO EXAMPLE

QUAL 0
AMR HR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRF = 2 , ( 2 0 ), switch from FR TS HR TS, [ Pack ]
AMR FR TS Call [ Intra-cell HO ] If quality breaks IHRH = 4, ( 4 7 ), switch from HR TS FR TS [ Unpack ]
Amr: (QDRF) (QURF) Amr: (QDRH) (QURH)
AMR FR & HR TS Call [ Inter-cell HO ] If quality breaks, (QDRF or QURF or QDRH or QURH) = 6, ( 6 7 ), inter-cell HO
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 LEV
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0
GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
IHRF = 2 ( 0.4% - 0.8% ) IHRH = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% )
QDRF = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% ) QURF = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% ) QDRH = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% ) QURH = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% )
AMR Inter-cell HO Types HR FR FR FR
This slide shows how all the handover parameters fit together, taken from the prior slides.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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AMR BTS FR & HR Power Control Settings For FR Power Control Threshold Settings HR Power Control Threshold Settings Section
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AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Power Control Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR FR and HR BTS level parameters .
BTS PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" LDRF LDRH LURF LURH UDRF UDRH UURF UURH amrPowerControlFr amrPowerControlHr amrPowerControlFr amrPowerControlHr amrPowerControlFr amrPowerControlHr amrPowerControlFr amrPowerControlHr Q3 NAME 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RANGE 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 UNIT Qual Qual Qual Qual Qual Qual Qual Qual MMl 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 MML ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO ZEUB, ZEUC, ZEUO
Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (LDRF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlFr.PcLthresholdDlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the BTS power increase. Defined for the default FR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the FR call threshold boundary in downlink for a BTS to power up. Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (UDRF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlFr.PcUthresholdDlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the BTS power decrease. Defined for the default FR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the FR call threshold boundary in uplink for a BTS to power down. Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (LURF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlFr.PcLthresholdUlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the MS power increase. Defined for the default FR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the FR call threshold boundary in uplink for a MS to power up. Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (UURF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlFr.PcUthresholdUlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the MS power decrease. Defined for the default FR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the FR call threshold boundary in uplink for a MS to power down.
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AMR FR Power Control EXAMPLE Qual = 6 ( LDRF ) ( LURF ) Qual = 6 OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab ( UDRF ) ( UURF ) Qual = 4 Qual = 4
AMR FR Power Control Example o The following slide is based upon the values from the example above, for AMR FR Power Control.
QUAL 0
AMR FR Power Control EXAMPLE
AMR FR TS Call If quality breaks UDRF = 4 , BTS (Power Down) If quality breaks UURF = 4, MS (Power Down)
amrPowerControlFr (UDRF) amrPowerControlFr (UURF) 4
No Action Required, by either BTS or MS
amrPowerControlFr (LDRF) amrPowerControlFr (LURF) 6
AMR FR TS Call If quality breaks: LDRF = 6, BTS (Power Up) or LURF = 6, MS (Power Up)
LEV -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
BTS UDRF = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% ) LDRF = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% )
MS UURF = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% ) LURF = 6 ( 6.4% - 12.8% )
Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (LDRH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlHr.PcLthresholdDlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the BTS power increase. Defined for the default HR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the HR call threshold boundary in downlink for a BTS to power up.
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Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR (UDRH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlHr.PcUthresholdDlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the BTS power decrease. Defined for the default HR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the HR call threshold boundary in uplink for a BTS to power down. Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (LURH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlHr.PcLthresholdUlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the MS power increase. Defined for the default HR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the HR call threshold boundary in uplink for a MS to power up. Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (UURH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrPowerControlHr.PcUthresholdUlRXQual Range: 0 to 7 Quality Class Description: With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality measurements for the MS power decrease. Defined for the default HR AMR set. Basically, this parameter sets the HR call threshold boundary in uplink for a MS to power down. AMR HR Power Control EXAMPLE Qual = 4 ( LDRH ) ( LURH ) Qual = 4 OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab ( UDRH ) ( UURH ) Qual = 3 Qual = 3
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AMR HR Power Control Example o The following slide is based upon the values from the example above, for AMR HR Power Control.
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0
GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
QUAL 0
AMR HR Power Control EXAMPLE
AMR HR TS Call If quality breaks UDRH = 3 , BTS (Power Down) If quality breaks UURH = 3, MS (Power Down)
amrPowerControlFr (UDRH) amrPowerControlFr (UURH) 3
No Action Required, by either BTS or MS

amrPowerControlFr (LDRH) amrPowerControlFr (LURH) 4
AMR HR TS Call If quality breaks LDRH = 4, BTS (Power Up) If quality breaks LURH = 4, MS (Power Up)
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
BTS UDRH = 3 ( 0.8% - 1.6% ) LDRH = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% )
MS UURH = 3 ( 0.8% - 1.6% ) LURH = 4 ( 1.6% - 3.2% )
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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AMR BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Settings For FR Super Reuse Threshold Settings HR Super Reuse Threshold Settings Section
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AMR ( Nokia ) BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Parameter List o In AMR, indicated below is a list of those AMR FR and HR BTS level parameters .
BTS PARAMETERS GROUP AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" AMR "Optional" BCIF BCIH GCIF GCIH Q3 NAME Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR FR Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR HR Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR FR Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR HR -127 -127 -127 -127 RANGE 127 127 127 127 UNIT dB dB dB dB MMl 10 10 17 17 MML ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO ZEHC, ZEHB, ZEHO
Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR FR (BCIF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverFR.superReuseBadCIThreshold Range: -127 to 127 dB Description: With this parameter you define the downlink C/I ratio on a super reuse TRX for triggering the HO from the super reuse TRX. Defined for AMR FR calls. Basically, when IUO feature is enabled in the BTS and FRT is set to 1 on certain TRXs, this parameter sets the C/I FR call threshold boundary to be triggered for a HO from a Super Layer: FRT=1 TRX (Super reuse TRX) to a Regular Layer: FRT=0 (Regular TRX). Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR FR (GCIF) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverFR.superReuseGoodCIThreshold Range: -127 to 127 dB Description: With this parameter you define the downlink C/I ratio on a super reuse TRX for triggering the HO to the super reuse TRX. Defined for AMR FR calls. Basically, when IUO feature is enabled in the BTS and FRT is set to 1 on certain TRXs, this parameter sets the C/I FR call threshold boundary to be triggered for a HO from a Regular Layer: FRT=0 (Regular TRX) to a Super Layer: FRT=1 TRX (Super reuse TRX). AMR FR Super Reuse CI EXAMPLE
( GCIF ) ( BCIF ) OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab
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= Call CI
Good CI 25
AMR FR Super Reuse CI EXAMPLE

Call HO from Regular Layer to Super Layer (AMR FR Super Reuse)
20
( GCIF = 17 ) 15
No Action Required
( BCIF = 1010 )
Start AMR Super Reuse FR HO
Call HO from Super Layer (AMR FR Super Reuse) to Regular Layer
Start Regular Layer FR HO
0 Bad CI
Time
BCIF = 10 (Bad)
GCIF = 17 (Good)
Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR HR (BCIH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverHR.superReuseBadCIThreshold Range: -127 to 127 dB Description: With this parameter you define the downlink C/I ratio on a super reuse TRX for triggering the HO from the super reuse TRX. Defined for AMR HR calls. Basically, when IUO feature is enabled in the BTS and FRT is set to 1 on certain TRXs, this parameter sets the C/I HR call threshold boundary to be triggered for a HO from a Super Layer: FRT=1 TRX (Super reuse TRX) to a Regular Layer: FRT=0 (Regular TRX). Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR HR (GCIH) BTS Level Q3 name: amrHandoverHR.superReuseGoodCIThreshold Range: -127 to 127 dB Description: With this parameter you define the downlink C/I ratio on a super reuse TRX for triggering the HO to the super reuse TRX. Defined for AMR HR calls. Basically, when IUO feature is enabled in the BTS and FRT is set to 1 on certain TRXs, this parameter sets the C/I HR call threshold boundary to be triggered for a HO from a Regular Layer: FRT=0 (Regular TRX) to a Super Layer: FRT=1 TRX (Super reuse TRX). AMR HR Super Reuse CI EXAMPLE
( GCIH ) ( BCIH ) OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab
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= Call CI
Good CI 25
AMR HR Super Reuse CI EXAMPLE

Call HO from Regular Layer to Super Layer (AMR HR Super Reuse)
20
( GCIF = 17 ) 15
No Action Required
( BCIF = 1010 )
Start AMR Super Reuse HR HO
Call HO from Super Layer (AMR HR Super Reuse) to Regular Layer
Start Regular Layer FR HO
0 Bad CI
Time
BCIF = 10 (Bad)
GCIF = 17 (Good)
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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AMR BSC Settings & Explanation QUIZ For Free FR TCH Resource Settings Configuration in Handovers Settings Grades Enabled Settings Initial Channel Rate Settings Slow LA Enabled Settings TCH Rate Internal Handover Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
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1. On the graph below, indicate the following horizontal and vertical lines for HRL and HRU: 1a. HRL = 20% (indicate with a horizontal line) 1b. HRU = 60% (indicate with a horizontal line) 1c. Draw a vertical line where AMR HR starts 1d. Draw a vertical line where AMR HR stops %
% N O T U S E D T C H s 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
FREE FR TCHs in BSC QUIZ
= TCH usage
Time
2. Fill in the blanks and indicated on the graph below, with horizontal lines for HRL and HRU, if you want this feature disabled: 2a. HRL = _____% (indicate with a horizontal line) 2b. HRU = _____% (indicate with a horizontal line) %
100 % 90 N O T U S E D T C H s 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
FREE FR TCHs in BSC QUIZ
= TCH usage
Time
3. What would you set ACH to, (1 or 2), if the currently used multirate configuration is preferred in further channel allocations? ACH = _____. 4. What would you set ASG to, (Y or N), if downgrades and upgrades are not to be applied? ASG = _____.
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5. What would you set IAC to, (1 or 2), if AMR FR is to be allocated over AMR HR, despite any of the values of the currently used information for channel allocation? IAC = _____. 6. What would you set SAL to, (Y or N), if you want Fast LA (Link Adaptation) [40ms] enabled? SAL = _____. 7. What would you set HRI to, (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5), if during a handover, you wanted the Target TCH type and Target speech codec to be the same as the Source? HRI = _____ .
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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AMR BTS FR Settings & Explanation QUIZ For Free FR TCH Resource Settings FR Codec Mode Settings FR Threshold Settings FR Hysteresis Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
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1. On the graph below, indicate the following horizontal and vertical lines for FRL and FRU: 1a. FRL = 30% (indicate with a horizontal line) 1b. FRU = 70% (indicate with a horizontal line) 1c. Draw a vertical line where AMR HR starts 1d. Draw a vertical line where AMR HR stops %
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
FREE FR TCHs in BTS QUIZ
= TCH usage
Time
2. Fill in the blanks and indicated on the graph below, with horizontal lines for FRL and FRU, if you want this feature disabled: 2a. FRL = _____% (indicate with a horizontal line) 2b. FRU = _____% (indicate with a horizontal line) %
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
FREE FR TCHs in BTS QUIZ
= TCH usage
Time
3. What would you set FRC to, (0 or 1 - 4), if you want to disable the values? FRC = _____. 4. What would you set ICMI - FRI to, (0 or 1), if you want the initial codec mode defined by the Start Mode field? ICMI-FRI = _____. 5. What would you set FRS to, (00, 01, 10 or 11), if the MS to start with Codec Mode 3? FRS = _____.
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6. In the diagram below, perform the following: 6a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 6b. Circle the up or down arrows, indicating which direction the modes are switched from. AMR BTS FR QUIZ
Good C/I CODEC_MODE_4 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_3 ( ___ ) + HYS_3 ( ___ ) = THR_3UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_3) THR_3 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_3 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_2 ( ___ ) + HYS_2 ( ___ ) = THR_2UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_2) THR_2 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_2 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_1 ( ___ ) + HYS_1 ( ___ ) = THR_1UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_1) THR_1 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_1 ( ___________ kbit/s) Bad C/I = THR_1LR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_2) = THR_2LR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_3) = THR_3LR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_4)
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AMR BTS HR Settings & Explanation QUIZ For HR Codec Mode Settings HR Threshold Settings HR Hysteresis Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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1. What would you set HRC to, (0 or 1 - 4), if you want to disable the values? HRC = _____. 2. What would you set ICMI - HRI to, (0 or 1), if you want the initial codec mode defined by the Start Mode field? ICMI-HRI = _____. 3. What would you set HRS to, (00, 01, 10 or 11), if the MS to start with Codec Mode 1? HRS = _____. 4. In the diagram below, perform the following: 4a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 4b. Circle the up or down arrows, indicating which direction the modes are switched from. AMR BTS HR QUIZ
Good C/I CODEC_MODE_4 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_3 ( ___ ) + HYS_3 ( ___ ) = THR_3UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_3) THR_3 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_3 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_2 ( ___ ) + HYS_2 ( ___ ) = THR_2UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_2) THR_2 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_2 ( ___________ kbit/s) THR_1 ( ___ ) + HYS_1 ( ___ ) = THR_1UR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_1) THR_1 ( ___ ) CODEC_MODE_1 ( ___________ kbit/s) Bad C/I = THR_1LR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_2) = THR_2LR ( ___ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_3) = THR_3LR ( __ ) ( ? or ? from MODE_4)
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AMR BTS FR & HR Handover Settings QUIZ For FR Handover Threshold Settings HR Handover Threshold Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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1. Fill in the diagram below, perform the following: 1a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 1b. Place on the diagram, horizontal lines indicating: IHRF, QDRF, QURF, IHRH, QDRH, QURH 1c. Place on the diagram, Pack and Unpack in the appropriate areas. 1d. Place on the diagram, Intra-cell HO and Inter-cell HO in the appropriate areas. AMR FR & HR Handover QUIZ
QUAL 0
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0
GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
IHRF = ( _____ ) QDRF = ( _____ ) QURF = ( _____ )
IHRH = ( _____ ) QDRH = ( _____ ) QURH = ( _____ )
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AMR BTS FR & HR Power Control Settings QUIZ For FR Power Control Threshold Settings HR Power Control Threshold Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
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1. Fill in the diagram below, perform the following: 1a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 1b. Place on the diagram, horizontal lines indicating: UDRF, LDRF, UURF, LURF 1c. Place on the diagram, Power Up and Power Down in the appropriate areas. 1d. Place on the diagram, BTS and MS in the appropriate areas. AMR FR Power Control QUIZ
QUAL 0
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0
GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
BTS UDRF = ( _____ ) LDRF = ( _____ )
MS UURF = ( _____ ) LURF = ( _____ )
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2. Fill in the diagram below, perform the following: 2a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 2b. Place on the diagram, horizontal lines indicating: UDRH, LDRH, UURH, LURH 2c. Place on the diagram, Power Up and Power Down in the appropriate areas. 2d. Place on the diagram, BTS and MS in the appropriate areas. AMR HR Power Control QUIZ
QUAL 0
7 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
LEV
QUAL Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA BER(%) X < 0.01 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 8.0 X > 8.0
GSM BER(%) X < 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 6.4 6.4 - 12.8 X > 12.8
BTS UDRH = ( _____ ) LDRH = ( _____ )
MS UURH = ( _____ ) LURH = ( _____ )
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AMR BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Settings QUIZ For FR Super Reuse Threshold Settings HR Super Reuse Threshold Settings Section This next section allows you to practice your knowledge of what you have learned from this section. Please keep in mind that practice makes perfect. The more you practice what you have learned, the more proficient you will be.
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1. Fill in the diagram below, perform the following: 1a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 1b. Place on the diagram, horizontal lines indicating: BCIF and GCIF. 1c. Place on the diagram, RL to SL-AMR-FR and SL-AMR-FR to RL in the appropriate areas. 1d. Place on the diagram, No Action Required in the appropriate areas. (Note: RL = Regular Layer and SL-AMR-FR = Super Layer AMR Full-Rate)
Good CI 25
= Call CI
AMR FR Super Reuse CI QUIZ
20
15
10
0 Bad CI
Time
BCIF = _____ (Bad)
GCIF = _____ (Good)
2. Fill in the diagram below, perform the following: 2a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values. 2b. Place on the diagram, horizontal lines indicating: BCIH and GCIH. 2c. Place on the diagram, RL to SL-AMR-HR and SL-AMR-HR to RL in the appropriate areas. 2d. Place on the diagram, No Action Required in the appropriate areas. (Note: RL = Regular Layer and SL-AMR-HR = Super Layer AMR Half-Rate)
Good CI 25
= Call CI
AMR HR Super Reuse CI QUIZ
20
15
10
0 Bad CI
Time
BCIH = _____ (Bad)
GCIH = _____ (Good)
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BSC ver. S11
Purpose/Intention/Confidentiality Statement
This document was created for the projects that have Nokia equipment, by , for the purpose of teaching and training individuals on another way to implement a process, and/or to bridge the gap in fitting the pieces together, where there may be a gray area of knowledge transfer. If this document should become out of date, due to new improvements, a review process has been set into place, to which a new revision will be produced replacing the old revision presented in this document. Most of the reference material used in this document has been pieced together from various Nokia documents, tools, screen shots, project trials, personal experiences, etc. and therefore this document is considered part of any confidential material clause. It is not the intention to take any credit for any development of any tool, reference documentation, etc. that is explained in this document. The development of those tools, reference documents, etc. will stay with the companies and/or individuals that have created them.
AMR N&B(v1.4)
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BSC ver.

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

Bad C/I Low Speech Rate High Protection Full-rate TCH

Good C/I High Speech Rate Low Protection Half-rate TCH

Nuts and Bolts Version

BSC ver. S11

AMR BSC Settings & Explanation ..........................................................13

AMR BTS FR Settings & Explanation ...............................................18

AMR BTS HR Settings & Explanation...............................................25

BSC ver. S11

AMR BTS FR & HR Handover Settings ...........................................31

AMR BTS FR & HR Power Control Settings ...........................38

AMR BTS FR & HR Super Reuse Settings ................................43

BSC ver. S11

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

High Speech Rate Low Protection

Medium Speech Rate Medium Protection

Low Speech Rate High Protection

Protected by (6) CRC bits

speech coder delivers speech frames ?

2 in-band bits precoded to 8 in-band bits

? speech bits reordered into class 1a and class 1b bits

BSC ver. S11

2 in-band bits coded to 8 in-band

? tail bits reset convolutional coder

BSC ver. S11

( 456 bit, once every 20 msec ) ?

( 456 bit 8 sub-blocks = 57 bit ) ?

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

BSC ver. S11

OSS, RNW Manager, BSC Level, OPT Parameters tab

BSC ver. S11

0 Allocation of AMR FR calls

AMR configuration in handovers (ACH) BSC Level Q3 name: amrConfInHandovers

BSC ver. S11

Slow AMR LA enabled (SAL) BSC Level Q3 name: slowAmrLaEnabled

OSS, RNW Manager, BSC Level, OPT Parameter tab

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

BSC ver. S11

MMl 100 0 12.2 10.2 7.40 5.9 1 2 2 00 22 28 0 0

0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 (0 or 1 - 4 values by using &) 0 0 0 15 15 15

00=CM-1, 01=CM-2, 10=CM-3, 11=CM-4 0 0 0 0 / 63 63 63 1

0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB

Upper % of free FR TCHs Lower % of free FR TCHs

OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT Parameters tab

BSC ver. S11

FREE FR TCHs in BTS EXAMPLE

= TCH usage in BTS

BSC ver. S11

( FRS ) = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 ( FRC )

OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab

BSC ver. S11

BSC ver. S11

OSS, RNW Manager, BTS Level, OPT AMR Parameters tab