CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS

Introduction to

Offshore Structures
Part I Hodjat Shiri
BSc Civil Eng., MSc Geotech Eng. , PhD (curnt.) Offshore Geotech.

Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS) July 2009

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Modern Offshore Structure

Piled-Jacket

TLP

Semi-Sub

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Offshore Structures are not limited to Platforms

Vessels and Tankers Sub-Marines & ROVs Pipelines Sub-sea manifolds Bridges Wind Turbines Artificial Islands Ports and Jetties

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Oil Rocks
The worlds first offshore oil platform built near Baku in Soviet Union, 1949

The first oil platform in the world is the Oil Rocks (Neft Dalar), built near BAKU in Azerbaijan of Rusiia. Building on the platform began in 1949, with Tankers transporting Oil from the first Well to Baku in 1951. The Oil Rocks lies 4550 km (about 25 nm) offshore on the CASPIAN SEA. The most unique feature of the Oil Rocks is that it is actually a functional city with a population of about 5000. The Oil Rocks is a city on the sea, with over 200 km of streets built on piles of dirt and landfill. Most of the inhabitants work on shifts;

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Thames Sea Forts

The Worlds predecessors of modern offshore oil platforms,
having been pre-constructed in a very short time, during World War II , they were then floated to their location and placed on the shallow bottom of the Thames estuary

Installation sequence

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Maunsell Sea Forts

The Worlds first modern offshore platform

The Maunsell Sea Forts were small fortified towers built in the Thames and Mersey estuaries during the second world war to help defend the United Kingdom. They take their name from their designer Guy Maunsell . They were decommissioned in the late 1950s and were used for other activities

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Offshore Structures:
Fixed Structures [ Piled-Jackets, Jackup Rigs, GBS] Floating Structures [ Spar, TLP, FPSO, SemiSub,]

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Water Depth
Shallow waters, D < (300~400 m) Intermediate Waters, (800~1000 m) > D > (300~400 m) Deep Waters, D > 1000 m
324 m

Empire State, NY, 1931

381 m

Eiffel, Paris,1889

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Shallow Water Offshore Complex

Connection Bridges Living Quarter PLF Wellhead PLF

Topside
Wellhead PLF

Production PLF

Flare

Jacket
JackUp Rig

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Jacket Based Platforms

Topside

Jacket

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Platform Compartments

Pedestal Crane Flare HeliDeck Control Unit Top Deck Mezzanine Deck Cellar Deck Utilities

Conductor Pipes Boat landing

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Construction Milestones
Engineering, Feasibility Study, Conceptual Design, FEED, Basic, Detailed, Shop, Field Procurement: heart of Job Fabrication, Steel Cutting, Fitting, Welding, Erection, Piping, E&I, Safety, Painting Pre-commissioning, mechanical, E&I, Safety, Load out & Sea-fastening, Yard Preparation, Barge preparation, Grillage
Installation, Barge Mooring, Ballasting, Load Transfer, Sea-fastening, Parking

Transportation, Pilot Transition, Towing, Field Entering, Positioning Installation, Barge Approach, Mooring, Sea-Fastening Cut, Lifting or Launching,
Stabbing, Welding

Hook up, Ship Loosed Items, Caisson, Risers, Commissioning Start up

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Load Out & Transportation

Pilotage

Open Sea Towing

Load out

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Offshore Installation
Heavy Lifting by Derrick Crane Barges Floatover by Launch Barges

Topside Lifting

Topside Floatover

Jacket lifting

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Heavy lifting Derrick Crane Barges

Revolving Crane Barges Shearlegs

Shearleg

Jacket Revolving Crane

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Platforms Structural Engineering

Main Categories : Fabrication Erection Analysis Load-out Analysis Transportation Analysis Installation Analysis In-Place Analysis

In-place Analysis / Environmental Loads

Wind Wave Current Earthquake Ice & Snow Temperature Variations Marine Growth Tides Seafloor Movements

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Platforms Structural Engineering

Design Rules & Codes Eurocode 8: "Structures in Seismic Regions - Design", CEN (in preparation). API-RP2A, "Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms", American
Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 18th ed., 1989.

OCS, "Requirements for Verifying the Structural Integrity of OCS Platforms"., United States Geologic Survey, National
Centre, Reston, Virginia, 1980.

DNV, "Rules for the Design, Construction and Inspection of Offshore Structures", Det Norske Veritas, Oslo, 1977 (with
corrections 1982).

NPD, "Regulation for Structural Design of Load-bearing Structures Intended for Exploitation of Petroleum Resources",
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, 1985.

BS6235, "Code of Practice for Fixed Offshore Structures", British Standards Institution, London, 1982. DOE-OG, "Offshore Installation: Guidance on Design and Construction", U.K., Dept. of Energy, London 1985. Eurocode 1: "Basis of Design and Actions on Structures", CEN (in preparation).

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End of Part One

Thank You