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Relative pronouns (that, who, etc.) are used to connect two separate clauses:
clause I relative pronoun clause 2
When information is essential to the sentence and cannot be left out, we use:
that to refer to things or people: The chart that is on page 10 shows ... who to refer to people: The number of women who were enrolled ... what to refer to the thing that or the things that: The government should show us what must be done. (= the thing(s) that must be done)
Note that you should only use one relative pronoun (not The government must show us that
w.1uiltneeds to be done.).
The relative pronoun can be left out if it refers to the object of a verb, but not if it refers to the subject of a verb. Compare:
The students that I teach all come from overseas countries. students is the object of the verb teach, so the relative pronoun that can be left out: The students I teach all come from ... The students who are studying BAP should see me today. students is the subject of the verb are studying, so the relative pronoun who cannot be left out (not The students are studying EAP should see me today.).
g) I understand that you mean. h) The chart is on the left shows the number of students enrolled from 1999 to 2005.
Note: to join two negative ideas, we use or if the subject and the verb are the same:
I don't have tea or coffee. (not: I dont have tea and coffee.)
g) I enjoy playing football _________________ I don't really like watching it. h) If you study in a country such as Australia, England _________________ America, your English will improve dramatically.
Auxiliary verbs
1. Tick the correct sentence in each pair.
1 a. Why they think this? b. Why do they think this? 2 a. I am not agree with this idea. b. I do not agree with this idea.
Do, be and have are called auxiliary verbs. This means that they help to change the main verb.
Do is used with the infinitive to make negatives or questions:
I don't agree. (not I am not agree.) Do you agree? (not Are you agree?) Do can be used with other question words: Why do you agree? (not Why you agree?)
Have is used with the past participle of the verb to make the perfect tenses:
I have been here for three months. (not I am been here or I been here)
The auxiliary verb must agree with the subject of the verb:
Does your mother drink tea? (not Do your mother drink tea?)
2. Underline the correct auxiliary verb in each sentence. Sometimes no auxiliary is needed.
a) What do/ does your friend like to eat? b) Where do/ are you going? c) I am/ - totally agree with you. d) What have/ did you done today? e) I am/ do not believe this. f) She is/ are learning the piano. g) I was/ have not seen her for two years. h) They -/ are went to America for their holiday.
Test 3
A. Complete sentences 1-8using and I but I or I or not and a suitable ending from the box.
a) My grandfather doesn't have a DVD player ___________________________________________ b) We swam in the sea _________________________________________________________ c) I enjoyed the walk __________________________________________________________ d) I couldn't decide whether _____________________________________________________ e) The tour fee includes all meals and transport _________________________________________ f) Nowadays, it is difficult to study without a computer ___________________________________
g) I like most drinks ____________________________________________________________ h) The price for the hotel includes both breakfast ________________________________________ I got a little lost near the end. dinner. I dont like coffee. a loptop at home. we walked along the beach collecting shells. not entry to the museum. even a television at home. to go to the party.
C. Add a relative pronoun to each of the following sentences. Which two sentences do not need a relative pronoun?
a) The students struggle the most are those without any maths qualifications. b) It was my grandmother first taught me about art. c) I'm not really sure we have to write about in this essay. d) A thermometer is an instrument is used to measure temperature. e) I am writing to apologize for I said to you last week.
f) Venus is a planet you can sometimes see without a telescope on a very clear night. g) Yabbies are creatures live in rivers and lakes in Australia. h) The people I know on my course are all from my previous school.
D. Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verb: be, do or have.
a) What time ____________ you get home last night? b) When ____________ you going to get a new car? c) Where ____________ you been? I ____________ been waiting here for ages. d) Stephen ____________ arriving on the 6 o'clock flight tomorrow morning. e) A special tool ____________ used to cut the aluminum cans to the correct size. f) ____________ not worry, I ____________ not going to tell your mother about your test result.
g) My sister wears very strange clothes; she ____________ not care what people think. h) At last I ____________ finished my homework!