Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic infections

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Malaria P. vivax P. falciparum P. malaria P. ovale

Malarial parasite- El m/e

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Laboratory diagnosis of Malaria

Stained blood films - Thin blood films - Thick blood films Fluorescence m/e - QBC Non m/e rapid diagnostic tests - ICT, ELISA, IFAT Detection of specific nucleic acid sequences - PCR
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Peripheral smear examination

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Thin smear preparation

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P.vivax - Ring forms & late trophozoite forms

Infected RBCs are enlarged

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P. Vivax Schizont form

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P. Falciparum :

Multiple ring forms +, Accole forms +

Infected RBC - not enlarged

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P.falciparum :
Double chromatin, accole forms+

Double chromatin
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P. falciparum Sickle shaped gametocyte

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Quantitative buffy coat - Immunofluorescense

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Elephantiasis

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Chylous (milky) urine

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Peripheral smear- Microfilaria bancrofti

Microfilaria sheathed, No nuclei in tail tip

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Sub conjunctival worm - Dirofilaria

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Dirofilaria repens :
7-14 cm long White thread like Characteristic feature: Microscopy Longitudinal ridges With transverse striations (beaded appearance).
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KALA AZAR Amastigote forms inside macrophages

LD bodies
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Trypanosomes in peripheral smear :

Sleeping sickness

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Intestinal parasites

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Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasites

Macroscopy - Presence of blood & mucus - Presence of Round worms, Pinworms, Proglottids

Normal saline ( Wet film Microscopy - Routine m/e) with Diluted lugols iodine - Permanent stain - Iron haematoxylin - Trichrome
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- Modified acid fast

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Amoebic ulcers - Intestine

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Amoebic liver abscess

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E.histolytica trophozoite
with ingested RBCs
RBCs Nuclei

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Giardia trophozoite

Flagella

Electron m/e

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Sucking disc

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Giardia trophozoites
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Giardia trophozoites- Rapid Field stain

Flagella

Nuclei Stool m/e (oil immersion)

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Opportunistic parasitic pathogens: Cryptosporidium Isospora Cyclospora Microsporidium

Modified acid fast staining Cryptosporidium oocysts

Cyclospora oocyst

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Isospora oocysts Modified acid fast staining

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Roundworm ova
(60x40 microns) Bile stained Triple layered outer shell Irregular mammillary coat Unsegmented ova
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Hookworm ova (60 x 40 microns)

Non bile stained (colorless) Segmented blastomeres Single outer hyaline shell membrane
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Pinworm ova

(55x30 microns)

Not bile stained (colorless) Planoconvex Coiled larvae inside

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Pinworm (anterior aspect) Cervical alae

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Gravid female Pinworm

Pinworm ova

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Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)

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Whipworm ova
Bile stained Barrel shaped with mucus plugs Unsegmented ova

(50x25microns)

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Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in stool

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Tapeworm

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Taenia proglottids :

Uterine branches
In T. saginata 15-30 branches on each side. In T. solium 5-10 branches on each side.
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Taenia proglottids Pressed between two slides

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PROGLOTTIDS

T.solium

T.saginata
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Taenia ova
(30x 43 microns)

Bile stained Radially striated wall Embryo with hooklets.

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Concentration methods
Formol ether sedimentation.
All protozoan cysts and helminthic eggs are concentrated.

Floatation methods.
Unfertilized eggs of Ascaris (roundworm), Eggs of T. saginata, T. solium, Eggs of intestinal flukes & Strongyloides larvae do not float.
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On concentration:
Before After

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Thank you
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