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CHEMISTRY UNIT 2
Workbook
Steve Bishop
January 2013
Name: .. Date:
The atom
This is a representation of an atom.
Label the following: electron, proton, neutron and nucleus
Periodic table
Compounds
Proton
Electron
Mass number
Groups (down)
Neutron
Molecule
No of electrons in outer
shell
No of electron shells
Mass
Charge
Neutron
Proton
Electron
Symbol
Atomic
Mass
Number of
Number of electrons in
number
number
particles in the
each shell
nucleus
Protons
Hydrogen
Nucleus
0
First
Second
Third
shell
shell
shell
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
5. Which groups in the Periodic table contain: (a) only metals (b) only non-metals and (c)
both metals and non-metals?
Proton number
Mass number
Period
Group
Element
Heating substances
Procedure heat one small spatula
scoop of each substance in a dry test
tube over a blue Bunsen flame.
Wear eye protection and wash hands
after use. Heat in well ventilated room.
Do not breathe in the fumes.
Copper carbonate is a green powder, when heated produced a black powder and carbon
dioxide gas.
This type of reaction is called thermal decomposition.
We can write an equation for this reaction:
Copper carbonate black powder + carbon dioxide gas
Suppose one particle of copper carbonate looks like this:
Use diagrams as those above to draw the chemical equation for this.
Can you write down in symbols the reaction that has taken place?
What do you think a particle of lead nitrate (the white powder) looks like? Draw it below:
Write an equation to show what happens to one particle of lead nitrate when it is heated.
Use the diagrams to represent the particles.
What do you think the yellow powder left in the tube is called?
10
11
12
Formula
molecule
Water
2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
Alumina
2 aluminium, 3 oxygen
Quartz
1 silicon, 2 oxygen
Ammonia
1 nitrogen, 3 hydrogen
Methane
1 carbon, 4 hydrogen
Calcium oxide
CaO
Sugar
C6H12O6
Sodium thiosulphate
Na2S2O3
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
Copper nitrate
Cu(NO3)2
13
Chemical reactions
Reactants
Products
Word equation
Hydrogen + Oxygen
Water
Picture
Symbol
2H2 + O2
2H2O
Check:
do they balance?
4 H and 2 O
4 H and 2 O
Reactants
Products
Ethanol + ______________
Carbon dioxide +
______________
Word equation
Picture
Symbol
C2H6O + 3 ____
_______ + 3H2O
Check:
do they balance?
14
_______, 6H, 7O
Reactants
Products
Nitrogen + _____________
Ammonia
Word equation
Picture
Symbol
N2 + _______
2________
Check:
do they balance?
2N, ______
_________, 6H
15
Magnesium
Sand
Carbon dioxide
Milk
Limestone
Element
Compound
Mixture
In the flasks are the particles of four different gases. (Each circle represents an atom.)
16
Molecules
Compounds
Pure
substances
_________
_
Atoms
_________
_
_________
_
Molecules
In each of the boxes draw images to represent an element, a compound and a mixture
Element
17
Compound
Mixture
Key terms
Explain the meaning of these key terms:
Atom
Element
Compound
Periodic table ..
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Atomic number
Mass number ..
Energy level
Electron shell ..
Noble gases
18
Unreactive
Stable ..
Molecules .
Ions
Covalent bonds
Reaction
Reactants
Products ..
19
20
chloride
compound
mixture
oxide
solution
When two elements react, the new substance formed is called a .............................. .
(1)
(b)
The white powder formed when zinc reacts with oxygen is called zinc .......................... .
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q2.
(a)
(i)
What is represented by
.................................................................................
(ii)
What is represented by
...........................................................................
(2)
(b)
21
Q3.
The diagram represents an atom. Choose words from the list to label the diagram.
electron
ion
neutron
nucleus
(Total 3 marks)
Q4
Sando-K is a medicine. It is given to people whose bodies contain too little of a particular element.
Sando-K is a mixture of two compounds. The formulae of the two compounds are given below.
KHCO3
(a)
KCl
Use the Data Sheet to help you to name all the elements in these compounds.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
22
Q5.
(a)
aluminium
beer
copper
milk
pure water
sodium chloride
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
(3)
(b)
brittle
dull
shiny
PROPERTIES OF METALS
PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS
(3)
23
Q6.
In the flasks are the particles of four different gases. (Each circle represents an atom.)
(a)
oxygen, O2 ..................................
(1)
(ii)
(b)
The gases in A and B are elements and the gases in C and D are compounds. Explain
why.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
24
Q7.
About 100 years ago a scientist called J. J. Thomson thought that an atom was a ball of
positive charge with negative particles stuck inside. Today a different model is used. The
diagram shows how an atom of carbon is represented by this model.
(a)
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
(iii)
What is the central part of the atom called that contains both
and ?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Use the model to explain why the six electrons are arranged as shown.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
25
Q8.
(a)
(i)
An argon atom has the structure shown. Use the words in the box to label the
particles in the atom. Each word should only be used once.
electron
neutron
proton
(2)
(ii)
(b)
Oxygen would not be a suitable gas to use in a light bulb. Explain why.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
26
Q9.
(a)
The diagram represents an atom of beryllium. Use words from the box to label the
diagram.
electron
ion
isotope
molecule
nucleus
(2)
(b)
Use crosses (x) to complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium
atom. The atomic (proton) number of magnesium is 12.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
27
Q10.
The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you with this question.
(a)
(b)
Q11.
All substances are made of a vast number of extremely small particles called atoms.
Every particle of water is like every other particle of water, every particle of hydrogen is
like every other particle of hydrogen, etc.
(a)
Every particle of water is like every other particle of water. Use Daltons ideas and your
knowledge of water to explain why.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
28
(b)
Dalton thought that all atoms of an element are exactly the same. We now know that it is
possible to have atoms of the same element but with different mass numbers.
The diagrams represent two atoms of hydrogen.
Q12.
Hydrogen is an element.
(a)
electron
group
nucleus
symbol
(2)
29
(b)
(i)
+ .................................
water
(1)
(ii)
Q13.
(a)
(i)
Argon is an element.
What is an element?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
30
(ii)
Name one other gas in the hot air that is also an element.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
H C C CH
H
H
H
Use the correct words from the box to complete the sentences.
bond
(i)
carbon
compound
element
mixture
(ii)
31
Q14.
Complete the table to show the number of atoms of each element in the formula of
calcium carbonate.
Calcium has been done for you.
Element
Calcium, Ca
Carbon, C
Oxygen, O
(2)
(ii)
bond
electron
molecule
nucleus
(2)
32
(b)
Name the fuel that is used to heat the limestone and clay.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
argon.
The gas formed when calcium carbonate
decomposes is
carbon
dioxide.
nitrogen.
(1)
33
(c)
(i)
Particle size in mm
Medical effect
Give two reasons why local residents are concerned about the cement works
burning a different fuel.
1 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) The company operating the cement works stated that smoke particles from the
chimney had not changed since it started burning the different fuel.
If you were a local resident, what evidence would you like to see to help you decide
if the companys statement is true or not?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
34
Q15.
Symbol
Al
35
Q16.
Complete the table to show the names and charges of the particles in an atom.
Name of particle
Charge
proton
0
electron
1
(2)
Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to help you answer these questions.
(b)
Why are lithium and sodium in the Group 1 of the periodic table?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Give one property of helium that is the same as other gases in Group 0.
..............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give one property of helium that is different from other gases in Group 0.
..............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
36
Q17.
(i)
(ii)
The atom of a different element has an atomic number of 5 and a mass of 11.
How many neutrons are in this atom?
.....................................
(1)
37
(b)
The chemical symbols and positions of six elements in the periodic table are shown.
Symbol
Al
38
Q18.
(a)
Describe this reaction of sodium in terms of the names of the substances and the
numbers of the atoms involved.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Use the periodic table on the data sheet to help you to answer this question.
(i)
(2)
(ii)
How is the electronic structure of sodium different from the electronic structure of
chlorine?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
39
Q19.
There are millions of different substances that make up our world. All these substances
are made from chemical elements.
(a)
What is an element?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Q21.
Draw and label a diagram of an atom of carbon. Include the correct names of the
particles.
(4)
(b)
Use your diagram to give the atomic number and mass number of carbon.
Atomic number ............................................................................................
Mass number ...............................................................................................
(2)
40
Q23.
2, 7.
41