Chapter 7 The Skeleton

Skeletal Facts
Skeleton accounts for 20% of body mass about 30 lbs. in a 160 lb. person
Skeleton axial (skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage) & appendicular

The Axial Skeleton

Figure 5.6
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.20b

The Skull
Skull is the bodys most complex bony structure Two sets of bones (22 bones)
Cranium
Facial bones

Bones are joined by sutures Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.21a

Skull
Cranial bones protect the brain & furnish attachment sites for head and neck muscles Facial bones
Form framework for the face Cavities for sense organs (sight, taste, & smell) Openings for food & air Secures the teeth Anchors facial muscles for expression

Cranial Bones
8 bones Frontal anterior cranium Paired Parietal superior & lateral skull (where the four largest sutures occur) Occipital posterior wall and base Paired temporal lateral surface Sphenoid meets with all other cranial bones Ethmoid forms bony area between nasal cavity
Middle nasal conchae- posterior to cartilage in the nose, but above inferior

Form the helmet

Facial Bones
Mandible lower jawbone Maxillary bone upper jaw Zygomatic bone (2) cheekbones Nasal bones (2) nose Lacrimal bones (2) lateral nose/inside eye socket Palatine bones (2) posterior part of the upper mouth Vomer posterior to cartilage in the nose Inferior nasal conchae - posterior to cartilage in the nose 14 bones total

The Skull

Figure 5.7
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.21b

Bones of the Skull

Figure 5.11
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.22

Human Skull, Superior View

Figure 5.8
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.23

Human Skull, Inferior View

Figure 5.9
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.24

Orbits & Nasal Cavity

Orbits bony cavities around eyes Nasal cavity bones & hyaline (separated by nasal septum) Bony part vomer and ethmoid bone

Paranasal Sinuses
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Figure 5.10
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.25a

Paranasal Sinuses
Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice

Figure 5.10
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.25b

The Hyoid Bone

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Above Adams Apple
Figure 5.12
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.26

The Fetal Skull

The fetal skull is large compared to the infants total body length

Figure 5.13
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.27a

The Fetal Skull

Fontanelles fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
Allow the brain to grow Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
Figure 5.13
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.27b