CHEMICAL PLANT CONTROL (CH-306)

ASSIGNMENT (BASICS TERMS AND DEFINATIONS)

CH-018 TE

SETPOINT The setpoint is a value for a process variable that is desired to be maintained. For example, if a process temperature needs to kept within 5 C of 100 C, then the set point is 100 C. INPUT VARIABLES Input variables are that which denotes the effect of surrounding on to the chemical process. TYPES: i)MV (Manipulated Var.): Operator can adjust (Fuel flow rate) ii) DV (Disturbance Var.): Decided by external reasons (Feed flow, Fuel Press.) (measured DV and unmeasured DV) OUTPUT VARIABLES Output variables are that which denotes the effect of chemical process on to the surrounding TYPES: CV (Controlled Var.): Decided by the changes in input variables (assumed to be measured) Measured and unmeasured outputs ERROR Error is the difference between the measured variable and the set point and can be either positive or negative. FEED BACK CONTROL In this process control system informations about controlled variable is fed back to the controller and final control elemnt. It uses direct measurement of the controlled variable to adjust values of manipulated variables.It does not measure the disturbance directly. FEED FORWARD CONTROL In this process disturbance are measured in advance and compensate without waiting for a change (disturbance) in control variable . It is used for direct measurement of the disturbance to adjust manipulated variables.

CASCADE CONTROL Cascade control is a control system in which a secondary (slave) control loop is set up to control a variable that is a major source of load disturbance for another primary (master) control loop Proportional (P) Control : The proportional mode adjusts the output signal in direct proportion to the controller input (which is the error signal, e). OR A proportional (P) controller has an output U proportional to its input e , that is, U = Kp e, where K , is a proportionality constant.

THE INTEGRAL (I) CONTROLLER The Integral controller adds the system deviation over time. It integrates the system deviation. OR An integral (I) controller has an output U proportional to the integral of its input e, that is, U = K , / e ( t ) dt, where K , is a proportionality constant

PD .PI AND PID CONTROLLER PD, PI, DI, and PID controllers are combinations of proportional (P), derivative (D), and integral (I) controllers

DEAD TIME It is a delay in the response of a process after some variable is changed, during which no information is known about the new state of the process. It may also be known as the transportation lag or time delay.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CHEMICAL PLANT CONTROL (CH-306)

ASSIGNMENT :
TOPIC : FROM : TO : BASICS TERMS AND DEFINATIONS SALEEM CHOHAN CH-018 SIR ZUBAIR AHMED