Chemical Calculations

1. Calculate the Relative Molecular Mass of the following compounds: a) sucrose, C22H22O11 b) calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 c) cobalt chloride crystals, CoCl2.6 H2O a) RMM = 22 X 12 + 22 X 1+ 11 X 16 = 462 b) RMM = 3 X 40 + 2 ( 1 X 31 + 4 X 16 ) = 310 c) RMM = 1 X 59 + 2 X 35.5 + 6 ( 2 X1 + 1 X 16 ) = 238 Note: RMM has no units 2. Calculate the percentage % of oxygen in magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 RMM of MgCO3 = 1 X 24 + 1 X 12 + 3 X 16 = 84 % of oxygen = 100% X (3 oxygen atoms X relative atomic mass of oxygen ) divided by the relative molecular mass of MgCO3 Thus, % oxygen = 100% X ( 3 X 16 ) / 84 = 57.1 %

3. Calculate the percentage % of (a) oxygen and (b) water in hydrated copper(II) sulphate crystals, CuSO4. 5H2O RMM of CuSO4. 5H2O is: 64 + 32 + 4 X 16 + 5 ( 2 + 16 ) = 250 a) % of oxygen = 100% X ( 9 X 16 ) / 250 = 57.6 % b) % of water = 100% X ( 5 X 18 ) / 250 = 36.0 % 4. Calculate the mass of nitrogen in 45 g of urea, CO(NH2)2 RMM of urea = 12 + 16 + 2 (14 + 2) = 60 Mass of Nitrogen = 45 g X ( 2 nitrogen atoms X relative atomic mass of nitrogen ) divided by the relative molecular mass of CO(NH2)2 Hence, mass of Nitrogen = 45 g X ( 2 X 14 ) / 60 = 21.0 g

5. Calculate the mass of water contained in 11.9 of cobalt chloride crystals, CoCl2.6 H2O

RMM of CoCl2.6 H2O = 1 X 59 + 2 X 35.5 + 6 ( 2 X1 + 1 X 16 ) = 238 Thus, mass of water = 11.9 g X ( 6 X 18 ) / 238 = 5.40 g 6. A compound contains only the elements iron and chlorine. X-Ray Spectrometric analysis shows that the compound contains 34.5 % by mass of iron. Determine the EMPIRICAL formula of this compound.
Element % RAM % / RAM Divide by smallest no. Ratio

Fe 34.5 56 34.5/56= 0.616 0.616/0.616= 1 Cl 65.5 35.5 65.5/35.5=1.845 1.845/0.616= 2.99 Thus, the empirical formula of this compound is FeCl3 7. An oxide of iron contains contains 27.6% by mass of oxygen. Find the empirical formula of this compound.
Element % RAM % / RAM Divide by smallest no.

1 3

Ratio

1.293/1.293= 1 1.725/1.293= 1.33 Thus, the empirical formula of this compound is Fe3O4

Fe O

72.4 27.6

56 16

72.4/56= 1.293 27.6/16= 1.725

X3=3 X3=4

8. An organic compound of mass 5.00 g was found to contain 4.14 g of Carbon by analysis. The organic compound contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon. Find the empircal formula of the organic compound.
Element Mass(g) RAM Mass / RAM Divide by smallest no. Ratio

4.14/12 = 0.345/0.345= 1 0.345 H 0.86 1 0.86/1= 0.86 0.86/0.345= 2.49 Thus, the empirical formula of this compound is C2H5

4.14

12

X2=2 X2=5

9. A compound has the empirical formula NO2. The relative molecular mass of this compound is 92. Find the molecular formula of this compound.

To find the MOLECULAR FORMULA, both data - the empirical formula and the relative molecular mass must be known. Let the molecular formula be NnO2n Relative molecular mass = 14 X n + 16 X 2n = 92 Simplifying, 46n = 92; n = 92/46= 2 Thus, the MOLECULAR formula = N2O4 10. A hydrocarbon has the empirical formula C7H9. Its relative molecular mass of is 279. Find the molecular formula of this hydrocarbon. To find the MOLECULAR FORMULA, both data - the empirical formula and the relative molecular mass must be known. Let the molecular formula be C7nH9n Relative molecular mass = 12 X 7n + 1 X 9n = 279 Simplifying, 93n = 279; n = 279/93= 3 Thus, the MOLECULAR formula = C21H27 11. An organic compound of mass 5.00 g contains the elements oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Analysis reveals the following composition: 2.00 g of carbon and 2.67 g of oxygen. Find the molecular formula of this organic compound if its realtive molecular mass is 180.
Step 1, determine the empirical formula Element Mass(g) RAM Mass / RAM Divide by smallest no. Ratio

C 2.00 12 2.00/12 = 0.167 0.167/0.167= 1 H 0.33 1 0.33/1= 0.33 0.33/0.167= 1.98 O 2.67 16 2.67/16 = 0.167 0.167/0.167= 1 The empirical formula of this compound is CH2O
Step 2, determine the MOLECULAR formula

1 2 1

Let the molecular formula be CnH2nOn Relative molecular mass = 12 X n + 1 X 2n + 16 X n = 180 Simplifying, 30 n = 180; n = 180/30= 6 Thus, the MOLECULAR formula = C6H12O6