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HAR.O'EH

CHAPTTR. NINE

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ones eitherttrl - _then it would appear that he experiences no t!'] rD$ll - Yet surely R' Ze'ira said: dreamsat a]i.[:rv! ntbl xll qrpl;ry:ur t?r: bl - Whoever sleepsfor seven days without havinga dream y't x'lpl - is called wieked, rE$lgi - for it is stated:tur ,,yJ lp?!'bl fbl Vtt{1,, - he will rest wted ond nat be vhited with eail. Ult{, r'1i?nbx - Do not read sovei'a lsatedl, the accepted vocalizationof this word; y:r? x?X - rther, read it as if the word were pronounced slwvo [seuen].r'3pow, a failure to seeany dreams a signof a if is wickedpeffirrely a righteouspersonwould experience sorze dreams!- ? The Gemara responds: lDSp t:il xh( - Rather, this is what Rav Huna meansto say: !t1t'r-l [A righteous person] does see dreams;indeed,he sees positivedreams; xl1 u(E y:l x5't - but when he awakes, he does not have knowledge of what he saw while he had been asleeP'ttrl The Gemaraofferswordsof adviceto onewho feelstroubled by a dreamthat he had: rtl5 r1 Nltil tl rES - Rav Huna bar Ami said the following IfFl! l!'t lpl.<nJg rtl rD{ - in the name of R' Pedas,who in turn said it in the name of R' Yochanan: lult't trlb[ il$1.1,] ilElry - Onewho seesa dream, and his soul is distressedabout it, ilglbutr:Ft ulnlll lh - shoutdgo and have it interpreted in the presenceof three people. questions The Gemara this: ulr.rpl - Should he really have lthe dream] interpreted by thesepeople? xlpn ll rp$,ll - But surely Bav Chisda said: ir{gn xfr xph - A dream that has uot been interpreted N:''!Pn xbl x4tlxl - is like a letter that has not beenread; i.e. as long as it has not yet been interpreted, a dream carries no portent at all. Thus, if one feelshis dream might bodeill, why have it interpreted and risk grving veracity to an adverse - ? omen?t151 The Gemara respondsby emendingRav Huna bar Ami's statement:

xntx xbx - Rather, sayit this way: ilgtg r:D! utrur - If one is distrr:ssed a dream he has seen,let him "pspsdy" [the by dream] in the presenceof three people.ttsl The Gemaraproceeds detail exactly how he would do this: to lnl xnrbr xlh tntl - Let him bring three peopletttl sayto and them: rxlD x?t?NFtf,r- "I have seena glood dresrn." trnrbr :'lfil ilr? - And let them say to him: rl,lt? x?r1 Niil x?p - ,,It is good, and may it be good. :rrb ;'rr:rrdb xm[] - May the

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ltlg rl,lh xlEV IF - May it be decreed upon you seven timee from Ileaven that it be good, !<lt, r:,lll - and may it indeed be good."lrEl The Gemaranext lists a seriesof versesthat the assembled persons shouldsayto the onewho experienced dream; the n'i:!Eitlir'5ui lrprll - And let them then recite three [verses]of whoser transfo'rmation,i.e. verses themeis transformation from tribulation to joy, ntttrp t/!Vl - three [versesofl redemption rntbibu, urSgl - and three [versesofl peace. The Gemara lists eachset of verses, respectively: nitll,l VrV - The following are the three to be recited whose themeis trqnsformation: tb btn?bt.lpgD!?g,1,, - The frst is: You hs;ue tronsformed my Lomentinto d.onaingfor me; DnDl rptg "irlrpir U'U]_({rl - You undid my sackcl.othand girdcd me btnpl r!rn1 npgn t$,, - The second with gli.a.d,ncss,tu is: Thcn tlrc moidzn sha.ll rqjoice with d.once, rJn! trrlpn trr''tfrlt - and young rnen ond ol.d men [sh.oll rqjoice] togetlwn " 'rr llrrt{? trh$ tn?p,ll - I sheU trowform their mourning oy?f 'bX yhr/b 11bg,ilil?S'xbl,, intojqi, etc.tzor,' ,ut'i'l!,1!l And therthird is: But Hosh.emyour C,odwae unwilling to listen to Baleam, snd He tron+formed etc.for yaur sqke[Bolaam's] curseinto a blessing.izt) nlrllP WrV - The three verseslvhosetheme is redemption ar as follows: :rn)i - The first is that which is written:rE Elbqrli1'19,, He red.eemed soulin peaa my " 'rt'f!b'rJi?D!uJp: from battla ogainst me etc, " 'll ltturl ,il u!Ipr,, - Thr is second Then the redcemedof God will return etc.land conv joy).rzzt brxgi'b5 trVf r'!xY!. to Zion with songand euerlasting

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NO'IES (seeBsshi ). 11.If the rightouspersonis made to shun sin through ominous dreams complacentl [albeit thosedreamt by others], it standsto reasonthat he surely is not L5.Eitz Yosef. shown positive dreams lthat might causehim tr: becomecomplacent]. 16. The Gemara proceedsto describe a formal procedure 6rrs migk Indeed,this is evidenced the earlier-cited Baraisa that portrays King by underlaketo attempt to "reverse" the drenm'sapparentill omeninto r (Rashil. David as having never experienced positive dream a positiveone. 12.Prouerbs19:23. The question can be raised: The Gemara stated eariier that a drec has neither positive nor negative meaning as long a.sit has not ban 13. This alternative vocalization is allowed by the spelling of y:ru why doesthe Gemaranow seea needfor "remedyi.ryf written, as it is, without vowelization.The verse is thus read as saying: interpreted. If so, a drean that has not yet been inte4rreted? For a possibleapproach If fu restsfor seuen [days] on"dis not uisited fwith a dream, hp can be this difficulty, seeMaharshaas quotedin note 53 below (seealso Tcl,-l. consideredleuil.The rationale for this is that sincethe personis wicked, HeChnsid). him, not bothering to send him drepms [i.e. Yehudah. Heaven simply ignores 17..Rosi.adds that the three should be friends of his. at messagesl all, goodor bad (fioslri ). L4. Dikdukei Soferim ($8) favors an alternative text of our Gemara 18. According to the interpretation ilosafos seemsio favor, the rcr* which omits the words 'rD$p'lD xlx, rath.er,this is what [Rau Huna seuentimes , . . are part of the declaration made by the three frieri thar theseare insteadmeant as Tosafos alsooffersthe possibiliby 5fr b?r x1r1 Il'rDSp'! tneons say.Instead, Gemarareads:xyry tol the x5'r 'DJ-r'gpxI[r'xD v1;xlt, Wen did wesay[tlwt oneis euil]?Whenhe does of instmction; i.e. both the &eamer and the three friends should parts seventimes (seealso los. Ilo.Roshand recite their respective not see dream]at all. But if he sees [a [one],but doesnot knnw what he has seen,[hc] is fine. According to this reading, which is apparently to Orodr Chairn 220:l). 30:12. acceptedby Rashi as well, the Gemara does not further emend Rav 19,Psol;zrs Huna's words; it simply fromes a direct answer to the last question 20. Jere,miah31:12.The verse foretells how the Jews will rejoice posd. their exiles are returned. In the end, then, the foilowing conclusionsare reachedby Rav Huna: 2L Deuteronomy 23:6. The prophet Balaam sought to curse the (a) A righteous person is not plagued by personally seeing negative people,but God did not allow him to do this. Rather, each ofthe he drea:ns.ft) Nevertheless, is the subjectof ominousdreamsdreamt by times B'aiaammade an attempt to utter a curse, God inspired hb others land these are meant to increasehis vigilance against slipping declareinstead the Jews' lofty praisers. into sinl. (c) He is not in the category of wicked persons who see no 22.Psalms 55:19. dreo-s at all; rather, he doesseesomedreams -- positive ones,at that - but forgets them before he awakes lso he does not become 23.Isaioft 35:10.

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MEGITIAH NIKREIS

CHAPTER, ONE

MEGILIAH
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an inauspicious monthfor the Jews.{a3l notiony. ItD tht( xtl - For they do not eat from our The Megillahcontinuesthat Haman said to Achashverosh: food lfrp Ugt xtl - and they do not marry our women x9t a- ,,lU.'EV ltp:,, - Tlrcreis o certoin notion.tl|l t t:pfn - and they do not marry their womento us." Haman / \Ravaexpounded verse: this (a.s continured statedin the verse): ,,Drt# Dpt *p,: UT nqt),, .lE$ - Rava said: There was no lp,l? trgrt x#tf yl:I r{?t xll tlw "And tlrct do rwt observe king's lo,ut,Istt x4V x!r:f r7pp1 one who knewhowto slander asskillfully as Haman. ilt lES r,,i!? r,'ilpl - for they waste the whole year, avoiding the nftlrt xfr - For [Haman] saidto lAchashverosh],,,Cone,let king's rvork,with the ercuse: Today is the Sabbath or today is us destroy [the Jewsl." ilrb lDS - [Achashverosh] replied PEtssover.rr{521 to him.r4sr r$Fpt ttyll r31r5grf Xbl rr,lfxr: xfrl4p'r _ ,,I am Haman continued(asstatedin the verse): afraid of their God, that He should not do to me as He did to ,,Efilf,t'? ilIt p$ l?tp?!,, - "And.it is of no benefit to the hing to my predecessors." tolerote them,tsu nu?p? ;1r! trppr rng; rbp51 - for they eat, n\Tp,: lt? ,,uyr,, irrl lE$ - [Haman] said to [Achashverosh]: drink andmockthe throne: I,?nr:t$ bq ruul:t:rl bFu tbrD{t in "They have beeu negligenttrol their observance the of tiln1U! tP')lt - For even if a fly falls in a gla.$s wine of one of of mitzv_gs*3nd their Godwill thereforenot punish you for harming them, lhe easts away [the fly] and drinks [the wine]. E{l '18$ theP." ttl+ nt$ itt lAchashverosh] answered l,lp l[l,( bg tuUl Vlll l?p,l rll't$ - But if my master, the king, {llll him: "There are the Rabbis among them, who do keep the touehes a glass of wine of one of them, urf<) tp.Jpl tu?tn mitzvos." ilDlld .- lthat person] throws it to the ground and does not ,,'r[{ E!,, rilrf iE$ - [Haman] said to l,l [Achashverosh]: drink itl"i5'rl 'ufhey ureonenotion,"t4?) .tbx'n x4g Haman continued(asstatedin the next verse): llu?Ft ntpu rt5 ittl.'!p - Hamancontinued:"Perhaps you will say that by killing out ,,,lll qgt rpl nrlSx nlggl El+s? flp!:lu .?F l?pl: bu tr$,, the Jews I will make a bald spot in your kingdom, i.e. one it plccrses tlu king, lct it b written to dcstroy them, ond sectionof your kingdom ,irill be depopulated; fl tri_r p.Ullp ten thousund tolents of siluer etc. I will weigh in the honds of ErAV,l - that is not the case,for they are scattered abroad those u,h.otake charge of busine,ss, bring il into the king's to amongthe nations.isr lilnlp il$f,l nrx .tDNnxpg - perhaps treasun;'es."l'oi) you will say that there is somebenefit that can be gotten from The Gemararemarks: them, sothat it is unprofitable destroy to them; ilJrlpl ,.tJlDp, grpb rtrr lb5 - Reish Lakish said: r? U+b Ut.r:l rlbl nllto 'ltt1y irft5p tt - this is not the case, 'meforod' - they u!tu,; n1,11 for rp$g - It was clearly known in advancebefore are like the mule,which doesnot bear fruit,{eg; they do not He Who spoke, and the world cnme into being, i,e. Go4 i.e. produce anythingworthwhile. tirrUrlrxlp1p xlrt. .lpx'n NFTCJ bX':9! hy nrbpg btpgl I?[ ttnvv - that Haman was destined - And perhaps you will say that a small province is made up to weigh out shekolim (i.e. silver coins) for the purpose of of them, soyou do not wish to destroyone of your provincesby destroymgthe Jews. ttpqb l,?tpr/ trrit?ir I?rD? - There destroying them; ,int:?U nur.1pb:1, rprb Tb?D - The vers fore, He caused the Jews to precede their shftolim fa teaehesthat Hamanrepliedto this that the Jewsare 'in aII the [Hamarr's] sheholim, Itr,t'iluu':t - And thus we learned in prouinces your hingdoTn,"'w of a Mishnah:ttrr Dtf(?fil by1 orbpqn bg pyr6qr4 rgf t&{l - oN 'IEE FIRSTOF ADA& rrruy lthe Sanhedrin] PROCLAIX Heman continued(as stated in the verse): n$\tl triln'4,, ',DV'|?E - 'Their laws are different the of 61yp from all the other REGARTIING pa1'rnent rrm SHEKALIM,ISTI REGAnDING
NOi'ES 43. Moses'birth on that day compensated the day's negativeaspect for of being the day of his death (seeEashi ). 51. Le. they do not perform natiorral service or pay various taxes (Rashi). 52. "'nE y'np is an acronym for trlrir n9? Dlril rBQ, today is thc Sabfutl\ Every day they havean excusefor not working; eithe taday is t?assouer. it is the Sabbath or Passover,on which their religion forbids them to work (Erzslri;cf. Maharsha and Ben Yehoyada).

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