FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY | INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles City, Pampanga

BACKGROUND
The Philippines has always been a thriving tourist destination but what it currently lacks is a top-tier, international standard gateway or airport. The current gateway to the Philippines, Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) has long been outgrown and it is voted as the worst airport as of 2011 in terms of its services and facilities This is why the Philippine government is studying the possibility of converting Clark International Airport to the premier international icon, after NAIA.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A state-of-the-art international airport terminal that can accommodate up to 7 million passengers annually, with various airline operators among which are; Air Asia, Cebu Pacific and Tiger Airways. Supporting several aircraft models from Boeing and Airbus and one of the few terminals that can support A380.

PROJECT PROPONENT
Joint venture of Clark International Airport Cooperation (CIAC) with Korean International Cooperation Agency. (KOICA)

THE NEED
The Aquino administration is currently examining the feasibility of transforming Clark International Airport as the premier gateway to the Philippines, where the terminal currently has the rated capacity of 2.5 million passengers annually which is insufficient if Clark International Airport were to accommodate the growing number of passengers and if it becomes the premier airport to the Philippines. In line with the increasing number of visitors to the Philippines and with the anticipation of Clark International Airport being the premier gateway to the Philippines, the need to create an additional world-class, state of the art airport terminal is necessary to boost the country's economic status.

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Development of an iconic international airport nurturing the culture of the Filipinos as hospitable people. Ensure that the new terminal would be as efficient as possible in generating revenue.

BUDGET
PHP 6.75 billion (grant from KOICA, through BOT system.)

TARGET USERS
Primary

Development of a new identity and signature. Construction and Development of: Construction of an airport plaza. Construction of a transport plaza. Construction of a covered parking area. Construction of new taxiways and aprons. Development of a new identity and signature and site and utilities development. Construction of a new runway. Construction of a shopping center. Construction of new taxiways and aprons. Construction of a new cargo terminal complex. Construction of a new control tower.

Tourists These are foreign travelers with various intentions of entering/leaving the country that range from business trips to leisure. Local These are departing local citizens and arriving OFW's. Secondary Transit passengers these are passengers that are on a connecting flight; an international transfer passengers on a domestic connection flight or vice-versa. Pilots/Stewardess these are international pilots/stewardess on a connecting flight or local pilots/stewardess on their way to a flight. Tertiary Terminal employees these are the personnel that provide customer services; from security staff to administrators.
Table 1: Target user(s)
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PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Major Problem How will the airport terminal be designed to become iconic? Goal Provide an unconventional design solution that would cater to both the international crowd and the locals by fusing hypermodernism with unique Filipino architecture.

Table 2: Major problem(s)

Minor Problem What would be an efficient planning to ensure swift access and mobility of passengers and operations? What are the latest architectural trends/technologies that could be integrated to introduce Green Architecture to the project?

Architectural Objectives Plan the terminal without worrying too much about spacial constraints, better placement of related spaces to ensure efficient flow and attain the balance within cost and design. Utilize solar energy via photo-voltaic panels for outdoor pathway covers. Use of electric powered ground based units.

What aspect of surveillance architecture should be considered to Provide less manual security check points, which is the main cause ensure the security and safety of the users? of passenger inconvenience with most airports, but installing more advanced solutions like surveillance equipment and x-ray systems.
Table 3: Minor problem(s)

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To Architecture The design would be beneficial to future students of architecture and the architectural community as an example/standard to airport design boasting efficient planning and development not limited by traditional planning methods that are too compartmentalized and budget constrained. Introduce new and innovative design solutions like interactive ad spaces that would serve as an example and standard for future developments of an airport terminal. To Community With a bigger and more advanced airport terminal, more passengers can be catered to annually, and increasing the likelihood of them returning to the Philippines, thus elevating the economic status of not only the local area but the whole country itself. Angeles city, Pampamga will be a significant dot on the map; once Clark International Airport becomes the new gateway to the Philippines more job opportunities will be available for the community.

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Interactive Advertisements Solar Shade

Xerox Fills Nations Airports With Life-Sized Interactive Commercials - Suzanne LaBarre http://www.fastcodesign.com

Solar Shade by Australian designers Buro North Rose Etherington - http://www.dezeen.com

GIST: An ingenious marketing move by Xerox; these are interactive ads are place across many airports in the US in order to promote products that the end users get to experience first-hand. CRITIQUE: I see this innovation as a great tool for airports; imagine going up to one of these screens, to check up on your flight schedule, find the latest duty-free deals in real-time and interactive No more static directory boards.

GIST: A canopy that have solar cells on top means that these structures are dual purpose, (provide shade & energy) with dynamic visual feedback system to indicate the quantity of energy collected. CRITIQUE: This shows that going green does not always mean being boring. I can envision installing these in-place of traditional outdoor walkway covers the energy generated by the solar shades is one step towards being sustainable.
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PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Winipeg Richardson International Airport First Certified Green Project in the Philippines

Leisure + Travel Magazine - July 2012 - Coolest New Airport Terminals

"First Certified Green Project in the Philippines - Furuto , Alison - ArchDaily

GIST: Fifty-five distinctive round skylights in its arrivals bag-claim area allow natural light to pour into the terminal by day and glow in electric blue ring shapes by night. CRITIQUE: An example of how green solutions can still be aesthetically pleasing, by using skylights that illuminate the area by day and put on astonishing displays at night.

GIST: The very first certified green architecture here in the Philippines, that balances nature and architecture by implementing various methods of achieving sustainability. CRITIQUE: Though this is not related to an airport, the methodology used in achieving a sustainable design is very helpful in providing guidelines as to what materials to use, and how these materials would create a green structure.
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PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Scope & Limitations

Implementing Green Ideas

Data Gathering

Planning and development. Planning of the terminal. Planning of an airport plaza. Planning of a transport plaza. Planning of a shopping center within the terminal.

User Analysis

Major Problem

Goals And Objectives

Planning of a new cargo terminal complex. Planning of a new control tower. Minor Site and utilities development. Provision of a covered parking area.

Minor Problem

Site development is limited to the Aviation Area. (Internal CIAC zoning.) Research Explore applications of solar energy through photo-voltaic panels. Explore materials that would help lessen the carbon footprint like double-glazed glass panels. Methods to sustainability within the reach of current technology.

End Goal

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

RESEARCH DESIGN
Data gathered Agency visitation: Took flight statistics from 2003-2011 Data analysis Concluded that passenger traffic has been increasing since its opening in 2003, from 7,880 to 725,023 in 2011. Data Interpretation Anticipate greater amount of increase in the following years and plan new terminal that will be able to accommodate such numbers.

Agency visitation: Took as-built plans of current terminal.

Study current plans, identify weaknesses if Base the size of the spaces within the new any and compare current size in relation to terminal from the current terminal; the capacity of the terminal to the expected anticipating the increase in passenger user capacity of the new terminal. capacity. Gain insights on the objectives and Base the space requirements and other understand their importance to the project. planning related topics on the said project objectives. Focus on how to incorporate those technologies/methods to the planning to achieve a highly efficient structure.

Agency visitation: Conducted interviews on project objectives.

Research: Library and Internet; researched Understand and analyze the feasibility of topics on latest trends/solutions for the the said technologies/methods for the design and new/innovative ways to achieve project. sustainability. Research: Time Saver's Building Types, RA9266 and BP344; researched the law and ordinances with regards to the building type and the rules that directly affect the project.
Table 4: Research design

Understand the restrictions and guidelines Base planning on these documents so that that these documents provided as they conform with the standards and local standards in order for maximum efficiency law and ordinances. of the structure.