Char

In Excel, the Char function returns the character based on the NUMBER code. The syntax for the Char function is: Char( number_code ) number_code is the NUMBER used to retrieve the character.

Left
In Excel, the Left function allows you to extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character. The syntax for the Left function is: Left( text, number_of_characters ) text is the string that you wish to extract from. number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you wish to extract starting from the left-most character.

In Excel, the Substitute function replaces a set of characters with another. The syntax for the Substitute function is: Substitute( text, old_text, new_text, nth_appearance ) text is the original string to use to perform the substitution. old_text is the existing characters to replace. new_text is the new characters to replace old_text with. nth_appearance is optional. It is the nth appearance of old_text that you wish to replace. I f this parameter is omitted, then every occurrence of old_text will be replaced with new_text.

Excel, you can also use the "&" operator to separate the string values. string_1 & string_2 & string_n VBA Code The "&" operator can be used to concatenate strings in VBA code. For example: LValue = "Alpha" & "bet"

Mid
In Excel, the Mid function extracts a substring from a string (starting at any position). The syntax for the Mid function is: Mid( text, start_position, number_of_characters ) text is the string that you wish to extract from. start_position indicates the position in the string that you will begin extracting from. The first position in the string is 1. number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you wish to extract.

Code
In Excel, the Code function returns the NUMBER code that represents the specific character. The syntax for the Code function is: Code( text ) text is the specified character to retrieve the NUMBER code for. If more than one character is entered, the function will return the value for the first character and ignore all of the characters after the first.

Search
In Excel, the Search function returns the location of a substring in a string. The search is NOT case-sensitive. The syntax for the Search function is: Search( text1, text2, start_position ) text1 is the substring to search for in text2. text2 is the string to search. start_position is the position in text1 where the search will start. The first position is 1. If the Search function does not find a match, it will return a #VALUE! error.

Text
In Excel, the Text function returns a value converted to text with a specified format. The syntax for the Text function is: Text( value, format ) value is the value to convert to text. format is the format to display the results in.

Lower
In Excel, the Lower function converts all letters in the specified string to lowercase. If there are characters in the string that are not letters, they are unaffected by this function. The syntax for the Lower function is: Lower( text ) text is the string to convert to lowercase.

Dollar
In Excel, the Dollar function converts a number to text, using a currency format. The format used is $#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00). The syntax for the Dollar function is: Dollar( number, decimal_places ) number is the number to convert to text. decimal_places is the number of decimal places to display. The number will be rounded accordingly.

Clean
In Excel, the Clean function removes all nonprintable characters from a string. The syntax for the Clean function is: Clean( text ) text is the value that has all nonprintable characters removed from.

T
In Excel, the T function returns the text referred to by a value. The syntax for the T function is: T( value ) value is the to extract the text from.

Len
In Excel, the Len function returns the length of the specified string. The syntax for the Len function is: Len( text ) text is the string to return the length for.

Concatenate
In Excel, the Concatenate function allows you to join 2 or more strings together. The syntax for the Concatenate function is: Concatenate( text1, text2, ... text_n ) There can be up to 30 strings that are joined together. To concatenate multiple strings into a single string in

Proper
In Excel, the Proper function sets the first character in each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase. The syntax for the Proper function is: Proper( text ) text is the string argument whose first character in each word will be converted to uppercase and all remaining characters converted to lowercase.

Substitute

Trim

In Excel, the Trim function returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed. The syntax for the Trim function is: Trim( text ) text is the text value to remove the leading and trailing spaces from.

In Excel, the Rept function returns a repeated text value a specified number of times. The syntax for the Rept function is: Rept( text, number ) text is the text value to repeat. number is the number of times to repeat the text value.

Abs
In Excel, the Abs function returns the absolute value of a number. The syntax for the Abs function is: Abs( number ) number is a numeric value.

Exact
In Excel, the Exact function compares two strings and returns TRUE if both values are the same. Otherwise, it will return FALSE. The syntax for the Exact function is: Exact( text1, text2 ) text1 and text2 are the values to compare. The Exact function is case-sensitive.

Value
In Excel, the Value function converts a text value that represents a number to a number. The syntax for the Value function is: Value( text ) text is the text value to convert to a number. If text is not a number, the Value function will return #VALUE!.

ACos
In Excel, the ACos function returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number. The syntax for the ACos function is: ACos( number ) number is a number between -1 and 1. It is the cosine of the angle that you wish to find.

Replace
In Excel, the Replace function replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters. The syntax for the Replace function is: Replace( old_text, start, number_of_chars, new_text ) old_text is the original string value. start is the position in old_text to begin replacing characters. number_of_chars is the number of characters to replace in old_text. new_text is the replacement set of characters.

Fixed
In Excel, the Fixed function returns a text representation of a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places. The syntax for the Fixed function is: Fixed( number, decimal_places, no_commas ) number is the number to round. decimal_places is the number of decimal places to display in the result. no_commas - If this parameter is set to TRUE, the result will not display commas. If it is set to FALSE, it will display commas in the result.

ACosh
In Excel, the ACosh function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. The syntax for the ACosh function is: ACosh( number ) number is a number greater than or equal to 1.

ASin
In Excel, the ASin function returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number. The syntax for the ASin function is: ASin( number ) number is a number between -1 and 1. It is the sine of the angle that you wish to find.

Upper
In Excel, the Upper function allows you to convert text to all uppercase. The syntax for the Upper function is: Upper( text ) text is the string that you wish to convert to uppercase.

Right
In Excel, the Right function extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character. The syntax for the Right function is: Right( text, number_of_characters ) text is the string that you wish to extract from. number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you wish to extract starting from the right-most character.

ASinh
In Excel, the ASinh function returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. The syntax for the ASinh function is: ASinh( number ) number is any number.

Find
In Excel, the Find function returns the location of a substring in a string. The search is case-sensitive. The syntax for the Find function is: Find( text1, text2, start_position ) text1 is the substring to search for in text2. text2 is the string to search. start_position is the position in text1 where the search will start. The first position is 1. If the Find function does not find a match, it will return a #VALUE! error.

ATan
In Excel, the ATan function returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number. The syntax for the ATan function is: ATan( number ) number is the tangent of the angle that you wish to find.

Rept

In Excel, the Right function extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character. The syntax for the Right function is: Right( text, number_of_characters ) text is the string that you wish to extract from. number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you wish to extract starting from the right-most character.

ATan2
In Excel, the ATan2 function returns the arctangent (in radians) of (x,y) coordinates. The syntax for the ATan2 function is: ATan2( x-

coordinate, y-coordinate ) x-coordinate is the xcoordinate of a point. y-coordinate is the ycoordinate of a point.

ATanh
In Excel, the ATanh function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. The syntax for the ATanh function is: ATanh( number ) number is a number between 1 and -1 (excluding the values of -1 and 1).

AverageA( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

argument1, argument2, ... argument_n are either ranges of cells or values. There can be up to 30 arguments.

CountA
In Excel, the CountA function counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the number of arguments that contain values. The syntax for the CountA function is: CountA( argument1, argument2, ... argument_n ) argument1, argument2, ... argument_n are either ranges of cells or values. There can be up to 30 arguments.

Ceiling
In Excel, the Ceiling function returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of significance. The syntax for the Ceiling function is: Ceiling( number, significance ) number is the number that you wish to round up. significance is the multiple of significance that you wish to round a number to. Note: If the sign of the number and the significance parameters are different, the Ceiling function will return the #NUM! error.

Atn (VBA)
In Excel, the Atn function returns the arctangent of a number. The syntax for the Atn function is: Atn( number ) number is a numeric expression. For example: Atn(2) would return 1.10714871779409 Atn(2.51) would return 1.19166451926354 Atn(-3.25) would return 1.27229739520872 VBA Code The Atn function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LNumber As Double LNumber = Atn(210) In this example, the variable called LNumber would now contain the value of 1.56603445802574.

CountBlank
In Excel, the CountBlank function counts the number of empty cells in a range. The syntax for the CountBlank function is: CountBlank( range ) range is the range of cells to count empty cells.

Combin
In Excel, the Combin function returns the combinations for a specified number of items. The syntax for the Combin function is: Combin( number, chosen ) number is the number of items. chosen is the number of items in a combination.

CountIf
In Excel, the CountIf function counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given criteria. The syntax for the CountIf function is: CountIf( range, criteria ) range is the range of cells that you want to count based on the criteria. criteria is used to determine which cells to count.

Average
In Excel, the Average function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers provided. The syntax for the Average function is: Average( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Cos
In Excel, the Cos function returns the cosine of an angle. The syntax for the Cos function is: Cos( number ) number is a numeric value.

Degrees
In Excel, the Degrees function converts radians into degrees. The syntax for the Degrees function is: Degrees( radians ) radians is an angle in radians that you wish to convert to degrees.

Cosh
In Excel, the Cosh function returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. The syntax for the Cosh function is: Cosh( number ) number is any number.

AverageA
In Excel, the AverageA function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers provided. The AverageA function is different from the Average function in that it treats TRUE as a value of 1 and FALSE as a value of 0. The syntax for the AverageA function is:

Count
In Excel, the Count function counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain numbers. The syntax for the Count function is: Count( argument1, argument2, ... argument_n )

Even
In Excel, the Even function rounds a number up to the nearest even integer. If the number is negative, the number is rounded away from zero. The syntax for the Even function is:

Even( number ) number is a numeric value.

Exp
In Excel, the Exp function returns e raised to the nth power, where e = 2.71828183. The syntax for the Exp function is: Exp( number ) number is the power to raise e to.

Fact
In Excel, the Fact function returns the factorial of a number. The syntax for the Fact function is: Fact( number ) number is a numeric value.

In Excel, the Int function returns the integer portion of a number. The syntax for the Int function is: Int( expression ) expression is a numeric expression whose integer portion is returned. Note: If the expression is negative, the Int function will return the first negative number that is less than or equal to the expression.

a numeric value that must be greater than 0.

Max
In Excel, the Max function returns the largest value from the numbers provided. The syntax for the Max function is: Max( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Large
In Excel, the Large function returns the nth largest value from a set of values. The syntax for the Large function is: Large( array, nth_position ) array is a range or array from which you want to return the nth largest value. nth_position is the position from the largest to return. Note: If nth_position is larger than the number of values in array, the Large function will return the #NUM! error. If array is empty, the Large function will return the #NUM! error.

MaxA
In Excel, the MaxA function returns the largest value from the values provided. The MaxA function compares numbers, text, and logical values (TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the MaxA function is: MaxA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are numbers, text representations of numbers, or logical values.numeric values. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Fix (VBA)
In Excel, the Fix function returns the integer portion of a number. The syntax for the Fix function is: Fix( expression ) expression is a numeric expression whose integer portion is returned. Note: If the expression is negative, the Fix function will return the first negative number that is greater than or equal to the expression. For example: Fix(210.67) would return 210 Fix(2.98) would return 2 Fix(-2.98) would return -2 VBA Code The Fix function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LNumber As Double LNumber = Fix(210.67) In this example, the variable called LNumber would now contain the value of 210.

Ln
In Excel, the Ln function returns the natural logarithm of a number. The syntax for the Ln function is: Ln( number ) number is a numeric value that must be greater than 0.

Mdeterm
In Excel, the Mdeterm function returns the matrix determinant of an array. The syntax for the Mdeterm function is: Mdeterm( array ) array is an array of numbers. The array must have the same number of rows as the number of columns. Note: If any of the cells in the array contain empty or non-numeric values, the Mdeterm function will return the #VALUE! error. If the array does not contain the same number of rows as the number of columns, the Mdeterm function will return the #VALUE! error.

Log
In Excel, the Log function returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base. The syntax for the Log function is: Log( number, base ) number is a numeric value that must be greater than 0. base is optional. This is the base to use to calculate the logarithm of a number. If this parameter is omitted, the Log function will use a base of 10.

Floor
In Excel, the Floor function returns a number rounded down based on a multiple of significance. The syntax for the Floor function is: Floor( number, significance ) number is the number that you wish to round down. significance is the multiple of significance that you wish to round a number to. Note: If the sign of the number and the significance parameters are different, the Floor function will return the #NUM! error.

Log10
In Excel, the Log10 function returns the base10 logarithm of a number. The syntax for the Log10 function is: Log10( number ) number is

Min
In Excel, the Min function returns the smallest value from the numbers provided. The syntax for the Min function is: Min( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ...

Int

number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

MinA
In Excel, the MinA function returns the smallest value from the values provided. The MinA function compares numbers, text, and logical values (TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the MinA function is: MinA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are numbers, text representations of numbers, or logical values.numeric values. There can be up to 30 values entered

array1 must have the same number of columns as the number of rows in array2. Note: If any of the cells in the array contain empty or nonnumeric values, the Mmult function will return the #VALUE! error. If the array1 does not contain the same number of columns as the number of rows in array2, the Mmult function will return the #VALUE! error.

Power
In Excel, the Power function returns the result of a number raised to a given power. The syntax for the Power function is: Power( number, power ) number is a base number. power is the exponent used to raise the base number to.

Mod
In Excel, the Mod function returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor. The syntax for the Mod function is: Mod( number, divisor ) number is a numeric value whose remainder you wish to find. divisor is the number used to divide the number parameter. If the divisor is 0, then the Mod function will return the #DIV/0! error.

Product
In Excel, the Product function multiplies the numbers and returns the product. The syntax for the Product function is: Product( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are the numbers to multiply together. There can be up to 30 numbers entered.

Minverse
In Excel, the Minverse function returns the inverse matrix for a given matrix. The syntax for the Minverse function is: Minverse( array ) array is an array of numbers. The array must have the same number of rows as the number of columns. Note: If any of the cells in the array contain empty or non-numeric values, the Minverse function will return the #VALUE! error. If the array does not contain the same number of rows as the number of columns, the Minverse function will return the #VALUE! error.

Radians Odd
In Excel, the Odd function rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer. If the number is negative, the number is rounded away from zero. The syntax for the Odd function is: Odd( number ) number is a numeric value. In Excel, the Radians function converts degrees into radians. The syntax for the Radians function is: Radians( degrees ) degrees is an angle in degrees that you wish to convert to radians.

Rand Mmult
In Excel, the Mmult function returns the matrix product of two arrays. The syntax for the Mmult function is: Mmult( array1, array2 ) array1is an array of numbers. array1 must have the same number of columns as the number of rows in array2. array2is an array of numbers.

Pi
In Excel, the Pi function returns the mathematical constant called pi, which is 3.14159265358979. The syntax for the Pi function is: Pi( )

In Excel, the Rand function returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. The Rand function returns a new random number each time your spreadsheet recalculates. The syntax for the Rand function is: Rand( ) Note: To create a random number between two numbers, you can use the following formula: =Rand()*(b-a)+a Where a is

the smallest number and b is the largest number that you want to generate a random number for. Please note, that this formula will never generate a number at the highest end of the range. =Rand()*(25-10)+10 The formula above would generate a random number between 10 and 24.9999999.

Rnd (VBA)
In Excel, the Rnd function allows you to generate a random number (integer value). You can specify the random number to be a value between 2 user-specified numbers. The syntax for the Rnd function is: Int ((upperbound lowerbound + 1) * Rnd + lowerbound) upperbound is the highest value that the random number can be. lowerbound is the lowest value that the random number can be. For example: Int ((6 - 1 + 1) * Rnd + 1) would return a random number between 1 and 6. Int ((200 - 150 + 1) * Rnd + 150) would return a random number between 150 and 200 Int ((999 - 100 + 1) * Rnd + 100) would return a random number between 100 and 999 VBA Code The Rnd function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LRandomNumber As Integer LRandomNumber = Int ((300 - 200 + 1) * Rnd + 200)

type of roman numeral that you wish to convert to. type can be any of the following values: Value Explanation 0 Classic (default). 1 More concise. 2 More concise. 3 More concise. 4 Simplified. TRUE Classic. FALSE Simplified. If type is omitted, the Roman function will assume a type of 0. Note: If a negative number is entered as the number parameter, the Roman function will return the #VALUE! error. If a number greater than 3999 is entered as the number parameter, the Roman function will return the #VALUE! error.

digits. (Rounds away from 0.) The syntax for the RoundUp function is: RoundUp( number, digits ) number is the number to round up. digits is the number of digits to round the number up to.

Sgn (VBA)
In Excel, the Sgn function returns the sign of a number (represented as an integer). The syntax for the Sgn function is: Sgn ( number ) number is the the number to return the sign for. Note: If number is greater than zero, the Sgn function will return 1. If number is equal to zero, the Sgn function will return 0. If number is less than zero, the Sng function will return -1. For example: Sgn(-123.67) would return -1 Sgn(0) would return 0 Sgn(123.67) would return 1 VBA Code The Sgn function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LResult As Integer LResult = Sgn(56) In this example, the variable called LResult would now contain the value of 1.

Round
In Excel, the Round function returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits. The syntax for the Round function is: Round( number, digits ) number is the number to round. digits is the number of digits to round the number to.

RoundDown
In Excel, the RoundDown function returns a number rounded down to a specified number of digits. (Always rounds towards 0.) The syntax for the RoundDown function is: RoundDown( number, digits ) number is the number to round down. digits is the number of digits to round the number down to.

Sign
In Excel, the Sign function returns the sign of a number. If the number is positive, the Sign function will return 1. If the number is negative, the Sign function will return -1. If the number is 0, the Sign function will return 0. The syntax for the Sign function is: Sign( number ) number is the number that you wish to return the sign for.

Roman
In Excel, the Roman function converts a number to roman numeral. The syntax for the Roman function is: Roman( number, type ) number is the number that you wish to convert to roman numeral. type is optional. It is the

RoundUp
In Excel, the RoundUp function returns a number rounded up to a specified number of

Sin
In Excel, the Sin function returns the sine of an angle. The syntax for the Sin function is: Sin( number ) number is a numeric value

Subtotal
In Excel, the Subtotal function returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database. The syntax for the Subtotal function is: Subtotal( method, range1, range2, ... range_n ) method is type of subtotal that you'd like to create. It can be one of the following values: Value Explanation 1 AVERAGE 2 COUNT 3 COUNTA 4 MAX 5 MIN 6 PRODUCT 7 STDEV 8 STDEVP 9 SUM 10 VAR 11 VARP range1, range2, ... range_n are the ranges of cells that you want to subtotal.

Sinh
In Excel, the Sinh function returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. The syntax for the Sinh function is: Sinh( number ) number is a numeric value.

In Excel, the SumProduct function multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results. The syntax for the SumProduct function is: SumProduct( array1, array2, ... array_n ) array1, array2, ... array_n are the ranges of cells or arrays that you wish to multiply. All arrays must have the same number of rows and columns. You must enter at least 2 arrays and you can have up to 30 arrays. Note: If all arrays provided as parameters do not have the same number of rows and columns, the SumProduct function will return the #VALUE! error. If there are non-numeric values in the arrays, these values are treated as 0's by the SumProduct function.

Small
In Excel, the Small function returns the nth smallest value from a set of values. The syntax for the Small function is: Small( array, nth_position ) array is a range or array from which you want to return the nth smallest value. nth_position is the position from the smallest to return. Note: If nth_position is larger than the number of values in array, the Large function will return the #NUM! error. If array is empty, the Large function will return the #NUM! error.

Sum
In Excel, the Sum function adds all numbers in a range of cells and returns the result. The syntax for the Sum function is: Sum( number1, number2, ... number_n ) or Sum ( cell1:cell2 )

SumSq
In Excel, the SumSq function returns the sum of the squares of a series of values. The syntax for the SumSq function is: SumSq( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are a series of numeric values that are to be squared and then summed together. There can be up to 30 values.

SumIf
In Excel, the SumIf function adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the SumIf function is: SumIf( range, criteria, sum_range ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. criteria is used to determine which cells to add. sum_range are the cells to sum.

SumX2mY2
In Excel, the SumX2mY2 function returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays. The syntax for the SumX2mY2 function is: SumX2mY2( array1, array2 ) array1 and array2 are two ranges or arrays.

Sqrt
In Excel, the Sqrt function returns the square root of a number. The syntax for the Sqrt function is: Sqrt( number ) number is a positive number that you wish to return the square root for. Note: If a negative number is entered in the number parameter, the Sqrt function will return the #NUM! error.

SumProduct SumX2pY2

In Excel, the SumX2pY2 function calculates the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results. The syntax for the SumX2pY2 function is: SumX2pY2( array1, array2 ) array1 and array are two ranges or arrays.

number, digits ) number is the number to truncate. digits is optional. It is the number of decimal places to display in the resulting truncated number. If this parameter is omitted, the Trunc function will assume 0.

evaluated as 0. There can be up to 30 values entered.

VarP Val (VBA)

In Excel, the VarP function returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers. The syntax for the VarP function is: VarP( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are the population numbers. There can be up to 30 numbers entered.

SumXmY2
In Excel, the SumXmY2 function calculates the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results. The syntax for the SumXmY2 function is: SumXmY2( array1, array2 ) array1 and array are two ranges or arrays.

In Excel, the Val function accepts a string as input and returns the numbers found in that string. The syntax for the Val function is: Val( string ) string is a string expression. Note: The Val function will stop reading the string once it encounters the first non-numeric character. This does not include spaces.

VarPA Var
In Excel, the VarPA function returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values (ie: TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the VarPA function is: VarPA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are the population values. They can be numbers, text, and logical values. Values that are TRUE are evaluated as 1. Values that are FALSE or text values are evaluated as 0. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Tan
In Excel, the Tan function returns the tangent of an angle. The syntax for the Tan function is: Tan( number ) number is a numeric value.

In Excel, the Var function returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers. The syntax for the Var function is: Var( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are the sample numbers. There can be up to 30 numbers entered.

Tanh
In Excel, the Tanh function returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number. The syntax for the Tanh function is: Tanh( number ) number is a numeric value.

VarA
In Excel, the VarA function returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values (ie: TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the VarA function is: VarA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are the sample values. They can be numbers, text, and logical values. Values that are TRUE are evaluated as 1. Values that are FALSE or text values are

AveDev
In Excel, the AveDev function returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided. The syntax for the AveDev function is: AveDev( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Trunc
In Excel, the Trunc function returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits. The syntax for the Trunc function is: Trunc(

BetaDist

In Excel, the BetaDist function returns the cumulative beta probability density function. The syntax for the BetaDist function is: BetaDist( x, alpha, beta, lower_bound, upper_bound ) x is the value between A and B. alpha is a distribution parameter. beta is a distribution parameter. lower_bound is optional. It is the lower bound to the interval of x. If this parameter is omitted, the BetaDist assumes that lower_bound is 0 and upper_bound is 1. upper_bound is optional. It is the upper bound to the interval of x. If this parameter is omitted, the BetaDist assumes that lower_bound is 0 and upper_bound is 1. Note: If x < lower_bound, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. if x > upper_bound, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. If alpha <= 0, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. If beta <=0, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =BetaDist(3, 7.5, 9, 1, 4) would return 0.960370937 =BetaDist(7.5, 8, 9, 5, 10) would return 0.598190307

5,

10)

would

return

7.761240005

BinomDist
In Excel, the BinomDist function returns the individual term binomial distribution probability. The syntax for the BinomDist function is: BinomDist( number_success, number_trial, prob_success, cumulative ) number_success is the number of successes in the trials. number_trial is the number of independent trials. prob_success is the probability of success for each trial. cumulative is either TRUE or FALSE. With a value of TRUE, the BinomDist function returns the cumulative distribution function. With a value of FALSE, the BinomDist function returns the probability mass function. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =BinomDist(3, 8, 0.35, TRUE) would return 0.706399436 =BinomDist(3, 8, 0.35, FALSE) would return 0.278585779 =BinomDist(50, 125, 0.4, TRUE) would return 0.538748205

the y-value. Note: If x-value is not a numeric value, the Forecast function will return the #VALUE! error. If known_y_values and known_x_values contain different numbers of elements, the Forecast function will return the #N/A error

Growth
In Excel, the Growth function returns the predicted exponential growth based on existing values provided. The syntax for the Growth function is: Growth( known_y_values, known_x_values, new_x_values, constant ) known_y_values is the known y-values used to predict the exponential growth. known_x_values is optional. It is the known x-values used to predict the exponential growth. If this parameter is omitted, the Growth function uses {1,2,3,...} as the known_x_values parameter. new_x_values is optional. It is the x-values that are used by the Growth function to return the corresponding y-values. If this parameter is omitted, the Growth function uses {1,2,3,...} as the new_x_values parameter. constant is either a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE means that the constant b is calculated normally. FALSE means that the constant b is set to 1. If this parameter is omitted, the Growth function assumes a constant parameter of TRUE.

BetaInv
In Excel, the BetaInv function returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function. The syntax for the BetaInv function is: BetaInv( probability, alpha, beta, lower_bound, upper_bound ) probability is the probability for the beta distribution. alpha is a distribution parameter. beta is a distribution parameter. lower_bound is optional. It is the lower bound to the interval of x. If this parameter is omitted, the BetaDist assumes that lower_bound is 0 and upper_bound is 1. upper_bound is optional. It is the upper bound to the interval of x. If this parameter is omitted, the BetaDist assumes that lower_bound is 0 and upper_bound is 1. Note: If x < lower_bound, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. if x > upper_bound, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. If alpha <= 0, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. If beta <=0, the BetaDist function will return the #NUM! error. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =BetaInv(0.3, 7.5, 9, 1, 4) would return 2.164759636 =BetaInv(0.75, 8, 9,

Covar
In Excel, the Covar function returns the covariance, the average of the products of deviations for two data sets. The syntax for the Covar function is: Covar( array1, array2 ) array1 and array are two ranges or arrays of integer values. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Covar({1,2;3,4}, {5,6;7,8}) The above example would return 1.25.

Intercept
In Excel, the Intercept function returns the y-axis intersection point of a line using x-axis values and yaxis values. The syntax for the Intercept function is: Intercept( known_y_values, known_x_values ) known_y_values is the known y-values used to calculate the intersect. known_x_values is the known x-values used to calculate the intersect. Note: If the known_y_values and known_x_values parameters contain different numbers of elements, the Intercept function will return the #N/A error.

Forecast
In Excel, the Forecast function returns a prediction of a future value based on existing values provided. The syntax for the Forecast function is: Forecast( x-value, known_y_values, known_x_values ) x-value is the xvalue used to predict the y-value. known_y_values is the known y-values used to predict the y-value. known_x_values is the known x-values used to predict

Median
In Excel, the Median function returns the median of the numbers provided. The syntax for the Median function is: Median( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Permut
In Excel, the Permut function returns the number of permutations for a specified number of items. The syntax for the Permut function is: Permut( number, chosen ) number is the number of items. chosen is the number of items in each permutation.

... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

StDevA
In Excel, the StDevA function returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values (ie: TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the StDevA function is: StDevA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are the sample values. They can be numbers, text, and logical values. Values that are TRUE are evaluated as 1. Values that are FALSE or text values are evaluated as 0. There can be up to 30 values entered.

Quartile Percentile
In Excel, the Percentile function returns the nth percentile from a set of values. The syntax for the Percentile function is: Percentile( array, nth_percentile ) array is a range or array from which you want to return the nth percentile. nth_percentile is the percentile value. It can be a value between 0 and 1. Note: If nth_percentile is not a numeric value, the Percentile function will return the #VALUE! error. If nth_percentile is a value greater than 1 or less than 0, the Percentile function will return the #NUM! error. In Excel, the Quartile function returns the quartile from a set of values. The syntax for the Quartile function is: Quartile( array, nth_quartile ) array is a range or array from which you want to return the nth quartile. nth_quartile is the quartile value that you wish to return. It can be one of the following values: Value Explanation 0 Smallest value in the data set 1 First quartile (25th percentile) 2 Second quartile (50th percentile) 3 Third quartile (75th percentile) 4 Largest value in the data set Note: If nth_quartile is not an integer, it will be truncated.

StDevP
In Excel, the StDevP function returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers. The syntax for the StDevP function is: StDevP( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2, ... number_n are the population numbers. There can be up to 30 numbers entered

Rank PercentRank
In Excel, the PercentRank function returns the rank of a value in a set of values as a percentage of the set. The syntax for the PercentRank function is: PercentRank( array, value, significant_digits ) array is a range or array from which you want to return the rank. value is the value that you wish to find the rank for. significant_digits is optional. It is the number of significant digits to return the rank for. If this parameter is omitted, the PercentRank returns a value that has 3 significant digits (ie: 0.xxx%). Note: If significant_digits is less than 1, the PercentRank function will return the #NUM! error. If value does not exist in the array, the PercentRank function will interpolate to return a percentage rank In Excel, the Rank function returns the rank of a number within a set of numbers. The syntax for the Rank function is: Rank( number, array, order ) number is the number to find the rank for. array is a range or array of numbers to use for ranking purposes. order is optional. It specifies how to rank the numbers. If order is 0, it ranks numbers in descending order. If order is not 0, it ranks numbers in ascending order. If the order parameter is omitted, the Rank function assumes order is 0 (descending order

StDevPA
In Excel, the StDevPA function returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values (ie: TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the StDevPA function is: StDevPA( value1, value2, ... value_n ) value1, value2, ... value_n are the population values. They can be numbers, text, and logical values. Values that are TRUE are evaluated as 1. Values that are FALSE or text values are evaluated as 0. There can be up to 30 values entered

StDev
In Excel, the StDev function returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers. The syntax for the StDev function is: StDev( number1, number2, ... number_n ) number1, number2,

And
In Excel, the And function returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE. It returns FALSE if any of the conditions are FALSE. The syntax for the And function is: And( condition1, condition2, ... ) condition is something that you want to test that can either be TRUE or FALSE. There can be up to 30 conditions

returned if condition evaluates to TRUE. value_if_false is the value that is return if condition evaluates to FALSE

True
In Excel, the True function returns a logical value of TRUE. The syntax for the True function is: True( )

Nested Ifs (more than 7)

Question: I have a formula in Excel that I am using to test for 7 conditions, and each condition if true will return a different value. However, I now need to test a total of 12 possible values. The limitation of the nested IFs is that you can only nest up to 7. Is there an alternative to this formula to test so that I can test for 12 values instead of 7? =IF(A1="10X12",140,IF(A1="8x8",64,IF(A1="6x6", 36,IF(A1="8x10",80,IF(A1="14x16",224,IF(A1="9x9 ",81,IF(A1="4x3",12))))))) Answer: There is no builtin alternative formula in Excel, but you could write your own function in VBA and then call this new function instead. Let's take a look at an example.

Cell
In Excel, the Cell function can be used to retrieve information about a cell. This can include contents, formatting, size, etc. The syntax for the Cell function is: Cell( type, range ) type is the type of information that you'd like to retrieve for the cell. type can be one of the following values: Value Explanation "address" Address of the cell. If the cell refers to a range, it is the first cell in the range. "col" Column number of the cell. "color" Returns 1 if the color is a negative value; Otherwise it returns 0. "contents" Contents of the upper-left cell. "filename" Filename of the file that contains reference. "format" Number format of the cell. See example formats below. "parentheses" Returns 1 if the cell is formatted with parentheses; Otherwise, it returns 0. "prefix" Label prefix for the cell. * Returns a single quote (') if the cell is left-aligned. * Returns a double quote (") if the cell is right-aligned. * Returns a caret (^) if the cell is center-aligned. * Returns a back slash (\) if the cell is fillaligned. * Returns an empty text value for all others. "protect" Returns 1 if the cell is locked. Returns 0 if the cell is not locked. "row" Row number of the cell. "type" Returns "b" if the cell is empty. Returns "l" if the cell contains a text constant. Returns "v" for all others. "width" Column width of the cell, rounded to the nearest integer. For the "format" value, described above, the values returned are as follows: Returned Value for "format" Explanation "G" General "F0" 0 ",0" #,##0

False
In Excel, the False function returns a logical value of FALSE. The syntax for the False function is: False( )

If
In Excel, the If function returns one value if a specified condition evaluates to TRUE, or another value if it evaluates to FALSE. The syntax for the If function is: If( condition, value_if_true, value_if_false ) condition is the value that you want to test. value_if_true is the value that is returned if condition evaluates to TRUE. value_if_false is the value that is return if condition evaluates to FALSE.

Not
In Excel, the Not function returns the reversed logical value. The syntax for the Not function is: Not( logical_value ) logical_value is an expression that either evaluates to TRUE or FALSE. If the Not function is used with an expression of TRUE, then FALSE is returned. If the Not function is used with an expression of FALSE, then TRUE is returned.

Nested Ifs (up to 7)

It is possible to nest multiple IF functions within one Excel formula. You can nest up to 7 IF functions to create a complex IF THEN ELSE statement. The syntax for the nesting the IF function is: IF( condition1, value_if_true1, IF(condition2, value_if_true2, value_if_false2 ) This would be equivalent to the following IF THEN ELSE statement: IF condition1 THEN value_if_true1 ELSEIF condition2 THEN value_if_true2 ELSE value_if_false2 END IF This syntax example demonstrates how to nest two IF functions. You can nest up to 7 IF functions. condition is the value that you want to test. value_if_true is the value that is

Or
In Excel, the Or function returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The syntax for the Or function is: Or( condition1, condition2, ... ) condition is something that you want to test that can either be TRUE or FALSE. There can be up to 30 conditions.

"F2" 0.00 ",2" #,##0.00 "C0" $#,##0_);($#,##0) "C0-" $#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0) "C2" $#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00) "C2-" $#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00) "P0" 0% "P2" 0.00% "S2" 0.00E+00 "G" # ?/? or # ??/?? "D4" m/d/yy or m/d/yy h:mm or mm/dd/yy "D1" d-mmm-yy or dd-mmm-yy "D2" d-mmm or dd-mmm "D3" mmm-yy "D5" mm/dd "D6" h:mm:ss AM/PM "D7" h:mm AM/PM "D8" h:mm:ss "D9" h:mm range is the cell (or range) that you wish to retrieve information for. If the range parameter is omitted, the Cell function will assume that you are retrieving information for the last cell that was changed

used (bytes). "numfile" Number of active worksheets. "origin" The cell that is in the top, left-most cell visible in the current Excel spreadsheet. "osversion" Operating system version. "recalc" Returns the recalculation mode - either Automatic or Manual. "release" Version of Excel that you are running. "system" Name of the operating environment. "totmem" Total memory. For example: Let's take a look at a few examples: =Info("directory") =Info("osversion") =Info("release")

IsErr
In Excel, the IsErr function can be used to check for error values. The syntax for the IsErr function is: IsErr( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is an error value (except #N/A), this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE

IsError IsBlank
In Excel, the IsBlank function can be used to check for blank or null values. The syntax for the IsBlank function is: IsBlank( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is blank, this function will return TRUE. If value is not blank, the function will return FALSE. In Excel, the IsError function can be used to check for error values. The syntax for the IsError function is: IsError( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is an error value (#N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME? or #NULL), this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

Error.Type
In Excel, the Error.Type function returns the numeric representation of one of the errors in Excel. The syntax for the Error.Type function is: Error.Type( error_value ) error_value is an error value in Excel. error_value can be one of the following values: error_value Returned #NULL! 1 #DIV/0! 2 #VALUE! 3 #REF! 4 #NAME? 5 #NUM! 6 All other values #N/A

IsDate (VBA)
In Excel, the IsDate function returns TRUE if the expression is a valid date. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The syntax for the IsDate function is: IsDate( expression ) expression is a variant. For example: IsDate("1/3/2004") would return TRUE IsDate("Tech on the Net") would return FALSE IsDate("January 3, 2004") would return TRUE VBA Code The IsDate function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Boolean LValue = IsDate("Tech on the Net") In this example, the variable called LValue would contain FALSE as a value

IsLogical
In Excel, the IsLogical function can be used to check for a logical value (ie: TRUE or FALSE). The syntax for the IsLogical function is: IsLogical( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is a TRUE or FALSE value , this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

Info
In Excel, the Info function returns information about the operating environment. The syntax for the Info function is: Info( type ) type is the type of information that you wish to retrieve about the operating environment. type can be one of the following values: Value Explanation "directory" Path of the current directory. "memavail" Amount of memory available (bytes). "memused" Amount of memory being

IsNA
In Excel, the IsNA function can be used to check for a #N/A (value not available) error.

The syntax for the IsNA function is: IsNA( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is a #N/A error value , this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE

numeric value , this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

N IsNumeric (VBA)
In Excel, the IsNumeric function returns TRUE if the expression is a valid number. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The syntax for the IsNumeric function is: IsNumeric( expression ) expression is a variant. For example: IsNumeric(786) would return TRUE IsNumeric("Tech on the Net") would return FALSE IsNumeric("234") would return TRUE VBA Code The IsNumeric function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Boolean LValue = IsNumeric("Tech on the Net") In this example, the variable called LValue would contain FALSE as a value. In Excel, the N function converts a value to a number. The syntax for the N function is: N( value ) value is a value to convert to a number. Note: If value is a number, the N function returns a number. If value is a date, the N function returns the date as a serial number. If value is TRUE, the N function will return 1. If value is FALSE, the N function will return 0. If value is an error, the error value is returned. For all other values, the N function will return 0

IsNonText
In Excel, the IsNonText function can be used to check for a value that is not text. The syntax for the IsNonText function is: IsNonText( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is not text, this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE

NA
In Excel, the NA function returns the #N/A error value. The syntax for the NA function is: NA( )

IsNull (VBA)
In Excel, the IsNull function returns TRUE if the expression is a null value. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The syntax for the IsNull function is: IsNull( expression ) expression is a variant that contains a string or numeric value. For example: IsNull(null) would return TRUE IsNull("Tech on the Net") would return FALSE VBA Code The IsNull function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Boolean LValue = IsNull("Tech on the Net") In this example, the variable called LValue would contain FALSE as a value.

IsRef
In Excel, the IsRef function can be used to check for a reference. The syntax for the IsRef function is: IsRef( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is a reference, this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

Type
In Excel, the Type function returns the type of a value. The syntax for the Type function is: Type( value ) value can be text, numbers, logical values (TRUE or FALSE), arrays, or errors. Value Returned Number 1 Text 2 Logical value (ie: TRUE or FALSE) 4 Error value 16 Array 64

IsText IsNumber
In Excel, the IsNumber function can be used to check for a numeric value. The syntax for the IsNumber function is: IsNumber( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is a In Excel, the IsText function can be used to check for a text value. The syntax for the IsText function is: IsText( value ) value is the value that you want to test. If value is a text value, this function will return TRUE. Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

Date
In Excel, the Date function returns the serial number of a date. The syntax for the Date function is: Date( year, month, day ) year is a number that is between one and four digits. If the year is between 0 and 1899,

the year value is added to 1900 to determine the year. If the year is between 1900 and 9999, the Date function uses the year value as the year. If the year is greater than 9999, the Date function will return the #NUM! error. month is a number representing the month value. If the month value is greater than 12, the Date function adds that number of months to the first month of the year specified in the year parameter. day is a number representing the day value. If the day value is greater than the number of days in the month specified, the Date function add that number of days to the first day in the month specified in the month parameter

return '22/11/2003 11:22:58 AM' DateAdd("yyyy", -1, "22/11/2003") would return '22/11/2002' VBA Code The DateAdd function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LDate As Date LDate = DateAdd("s", 53, "22/11/2003 10:31:58 AM") In this example, the variable called LDate would now contain the value of '22/11/2003 10:32:51 AM'

DateDif
In Excel, the DateDif function returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified. The syntax for the DateDif function is: DateDif( start_date, end_date, interval ) start_date and end_date are the two dates to calculate the difference between. interval is the interval of time to use to calculate the difference between date1 and date2. Below is a list of valid interval values. Interval Explanation Y The number of complete years. M The number of complete months. D The number of days. MD The difference between the days (months and years are ignored). YM The difference between the months (days and years are ignored). YD The difference between the days (years and dates are ignored).

the week. firstweekofyear is optional. It is a constant that specifies the first week of the year. If this parameter is omitted, Excel assumes that the week containing Jan 1st is the first week of the year. For example: The DateDiff function can only be used in VBA code as follows: Function TestDates (pDate1 as Date, pDate2 as Date) as Long TestDates = DateDiff("d", pDate1, pDate2) End Function Based on the spreadsheet below, the function would return the following values: =TestDates(A2, A1) would return 1. =TestDates(A3, A2) would return 16. =TestDates(A4, A3) would return 14

Date (VBA)
In Excel, the Date function returns the current system date. The syntax for the Date function is: Date() For example: Date() would return a value such as '22/11/2003' VBA Code The Date function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LDate As String LDate = Date In this example, the variable called LDate would now contain the current system date.

DatePart (VBA)
In Excel, the DatePart function returns a specified part of a given date. The syntax for the DatePart function is: DatePart( interval, date, [firstdayofweek], [firstweekofyear] ) interval is the interval of time that you wish to return. This parameter can be any one of the following valid interval values: Interval Explanation yyyy Year q Quarter m Month y Day of year d Day w Weekday ww Week h Hour n Minute s Second date is the date value that you wish to evaluate. firstdayofweek is optional. It is a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If this parameter is omitted, Excel assumes that Sunday is the first day of the week. This parameter can be one of the following values: Constant Value Explanation vbUseSystem 0 Use the NLS API setting vbSunday 1 Sunday (default) vbMonday 2 Monday vbTuesday 3 Tuesday vbWednesday 4 Wednesday vbThursday 5 Thursday vbFriday 6 Friday vbSaturday 7 Saturday firstweekofyear is optional. It is a constant that specifies the first week of the year. If this parameter is omitted, Excel assumes that the week containing Jan 1st is the first week of the year. This parameter can be one of the following values: Constant Value Explanation vbUseSystem 0 Use the NSL API setting vbFirstJan1 1 Use the first week that includes Jan 1st (default) vbFirstFourDays 2 Use the first week in the year that has at least 4 days vbFirstFullWeek 3 Use the first full week of the year For example:

DateAdd (VBA)
In Excel, the DateAdd function returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been added. The syntax for the DateAdd function is: DateAdd ( interval, number, date ) interval is the time/date interval that you wish to add. It can be one of the following values: Value Explanation yyyy Year q Quarter m Month y Day of the year d Day w Weekday ww Week h Hour n Minute s Second number is the number of intervals that you wish to add. date is the date to which the interval should be added. For example: DateAdd("yyyy", 3, "22/11/2003") would return '22/11/2006' DateAdd("q", 2, "22/11/2003") would return '22/05/2004' DateAdd("m", 5, "22/11/2003") would return '22/04/2004' DateAdd("n", 51, "22/11/2003 10:31:58 AM") would

DateDiff (VBA)
In Excel, the DateDiff function returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified. It can only be used in VBA code. The syntax for the DateDiff function is: DateDiff( interval, date1, date2, [firstdayofweek], [firstweekofyear] ) interval is the interval of time to use to calculate the difference between date1 and date2. Below is a list of valid interval values. Interval Explanation yyyy Year q Quarter m Month y Day of year d Day w Weekday ww Week h Hour n Minute s Second date1 and date2 are the two dates to calculate the difference between. firstdayofweek is optional. It is a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If this parameter is omitted, Excel assumes that Sunday is the first day of

DatePart("yyyy", "15/10/1998") would return 1998 DatePart("m", "15/10/2003") would return 10 DatePart("d", "15/10/2003") would return 15 VBA Code The DatePart function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Integer LValue = DatePart("d", "15/10/2003") In this example, the variable called LValue would now contain the value of 15

MonthName (VBA) Days360

In Excel, the Days360 function returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year. The syntax for the Days360 function is: Days360( start_date, end_date, method ) start_date and end_date are the two dates to calculate the difference between. method is a boolean value - either TRUE or FALSE. If TRUE is entered, the Days360 function will use the US method. If FALSE is entered, the Days360 function will use the European method. In Excel, the MonthName function returns a string representing the month given a number from 1 to 12. The syntax for the MonthName function is: MonthName( number, [ abbreviate ] ) number is a value from 1 to 12, representing the month. abbreviate is optional. This parameter accepts a boolean value, either TRUE or FALSE. If this parameter is set to TRUE, it means that the month name is abbreviated. If this parameter is set to FALSE, the month name is not abbreviated. For example: MonthName(3) would return 'March' MonthName(3, TRUE) would return 'Mar' MonthName(7, FALSE) would return 'July' VBA Code The MonthName function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Integer LValue = MonthName(3, TRUE) In this example, the variable called LValue would now contain the value of 'Mar'.

DateSerial (VBA)
In Excel, the DateSerial function returns a date given a year, month, and day value. The syntax for the DateSerial function is: DateSerial( year, month, day ) year is a numeric value between 100 and 9999 that represents the year value of the date. month is a numeric value that represents the month value of the date. day is a numeric value that represents the day value of the date. For example: DateSerial(2004, 6, 30) would return "6/30/2004" DateSerial(2004-1, 6, 30) would return "6/30/2004" DateSerial(2004, 6-2, 14) would return "4/14/2004" VBA Code The DateSerial function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LDate As Date LDate = DateSerial(2004, 5, 31) In this example, the variable called LDate would now contain the value of "5/31/2004".

Hour
In Excel, the Hour function returns the hour of a time value (from 0 to 23). The syntax for the Hour function is: Hour( serial_number ) serial_number is the time value to extract the hour from. It may be expressed as a string value, a decimal number, or the result of a formula.

Now
In Excel, the Now function returns the current system date and time. This function will refresh the date/time value whenever the worksheet recalculates. The syntax for the Now function is: Now()

Minute
In Excel, the Minute function returns the minute of a time value (from 0 to 59). The syntax for the Minute function is: Minute( serial_number ) serial_number is the time value to extract the minute from. It may be expressed as a string value, a decimal number, or the result of a formula

Second
In Excel, the Second function returns the second of a time value (from 0 to 59). The syntax for the Second function is: Second( serial_number ) serial_number is the time value to extract the second from. It may be expressed as a string value, a decimal number, or the result of a formula.

DateValue
In Excel, the DateValue function returns the serial number of a date. The syntax for the DateValue function is: DateValue( date ) date is a string representation of a date

Month Day
In Excel, the Day function returns the day of the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date value. The syntax for the Day function is: Day( date ) date_value is a valid date. In Excel, the Month function returns the month (a number from 1 to 12) given a date value. The syntax for the Month function is: Month( date_value ) date_value is a valid date.

Time
In Excel, the Time function returns the decimal number for a particular time. The syntax for the Time function is: Time( hour, minute, second ) hour is a number from 0 to 23, representing the hour. minute is a number from 0 to 59, representing the minute.

second is a number from 0 to 59, representing the second.

TimeSerial (VBA)
In Excel, the TimeSerial function returns a time given an hour, minute, and second value. The syntax for the TimeSerial function is: TimeSerial( hour, minute, second ) hour is a numeric value between 0 and 23 that represents the hour value of the time. minute is a numeric value that represents the minute value of the time. second is a numeric value that represents the second value of the time. For example: TimeSerial(14, 6, 30) would return 2:06:30 PM TimeSerial(20 - 8, 6, 30) would return 12:06:30 PM TimeSerial(8, 6-2, 14) would return 8:04:14 AM TimeSerial(7, -15, 50) would return 6:45:50 AM VBA Code The TimeSerial function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LTime As Date LTime = TimeSerial (23, 5, 31) In this example, the variable called LTime would now contain the value of "11:05:31 PM".

serial_number, return_value ) serial_number is a date expressed as a serial number or a date in quotation marks. return_value is optional. It is the option used to display the result. It can be any of the following values: Value Explanation 1 Returns a number from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday). This is the default if parameter is omitted. 2 Returns a number from 1 (Monday) to 7 (Sunday). 3 Returns a number from 0 (Monday) to 6 (Sunday). If this parameter is omitted, the Weekday function assumes that the return_value is set to 1.

used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Integer LValue = WeekdayName(3, TRUE, vbMonday) In this example, the variable called LValue would now contain the value of 'Wed'.

Year
In Excel, the Year function returns a four-digit year (a number from 1900 to 9999) given a date value. The syntax for the Year function is: Year( date_value ) date_value is a valid date.

DAverage WeekdayName (VBA)

In Excel, the WeekdayName function returns a string representing the day of the week given a number from 1 to 7. The syntax for the WeekdayName function is: WeekdayName( number, [ abbreviate], [ firstdayofweek ] ) number is a value from 1 to 7, representing a day of the week. abbreviate is optional. This parameter accepts a boolean value, either TRUE or FALSE. If this parameter is set to TRUE, it means that the weekday name is abbreviated. If this parameter is set to FALSE, the weekday name is not abbreviated. firstdayofweek is optional. It determines what day is to be the first day of the week. It can be any of the following values: Constant Value Explanation vbUseSystem 0 Use the NLS API settings vbSunday 1 Sunday (default used) vbMonday 2 Monday vbTuesday 3 Tuesday vbWednesday 4 Wednesday vbThursday 5 Thursday vbFriday 6 Friday vbSaturday 7 Saturday If this parameter is omitted, the Weekday function assumes that the first day of the week is Sunday. Please note that if you use the Weekday function in a query, you'll have to use the numeric value (ie: 0 to 7) for the firstdayofweek parameter. You can only use the constant equivalent (ie: vbSunday to vbSaturday) in VBA code. For example: WeekdayName(3) would return 'Tuesday' WeekdayName(3, TRUE) would return 'Tue' WeekdayName(3, TRUE, vbMonday) would return 'Wed' WeekdayName(3, TRUE, 2) would return 'Wed' VBA Code The WeekdayName function can only be In Excel, the DAverage function averages all numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DAverage function is: DAverage( range, field, criteria ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to average the values. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

TimeValue
In Excel, the TimeValue function returns the serial number of a time. The syntax for the TimeValue function is: TimeValue( time_value ) time_value is a string representation of a time.

DCount
In Excel, the DCount function returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains numbers and meets a given criteria. The syntax for the DCount function is: DCount( range, field, criteria ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to count the values. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

Today
In Excel, the Today function returns the current system date. This function will refresh the date whenever the worksheet recalculates. The syntax for the Today function is: Today()

Weekday
In Excel, the Weekday function returns a number representing the day of the week, given a date value. The syntax for the Weekday function is: Weekday(

DCountA
In Excel, the DCountA function returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains nonblank values and meets a given criteria. The syntax for the

DCountA function is: DCountA( range, field, criteria ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to count the values. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria

DMin( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to find the smallest number in. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DStDevP function is: DStDevP( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to be used by the DStDevP function. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DGet
In Excel, the DGet function retrieves from a database a single record that matches a given criteria. The syntax for the DGet function is: DGet( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to retrieve. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria. Note: If no record matches the criteria, the DGet function returns #VALUE! error. If more than one record matches the criteria, the DGet function returns #NUM! error.

DProduct
In Excel, the DProduct function returns the product of the numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DProduct function is: DProduct( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to multiply the numbers in. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DSum
In Excel, the DSum function sums the numbers in a column or database that meets a given criteria. The syntax for the DSum function is: DSum( range, field, criteria ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to sum the values. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DStDev DMax
In Excel, the DMax function returns the largest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DMax function is: DMax( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to find the largest number in. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria. In Excel, the DStDev function returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DStDev function is: DStDev( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to be used by the DStDev function. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DVar
In Excel, the DVar function returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DVar function is: DVar( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the column to be used by the DVar function. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

DVarP DMin
In Excel, the DMin function returns the smallest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DMin function is:

DStDevP
In Excel, the DStDevP function returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population of numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the

In Excel, the DVarP function returns the variance of a population based on the entire population of numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the DVarP function is: DVarP( database, field, criteria ) database is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. field is the

column to be used by the DVarP function. You can either specify the numerical position of the column in the list or the column label in double quotation marks. criteria is the range of cells that contains your criteria.

Address
In Excel, the Address function returns a text representation of a cell address. The syntax for the Address function is: Address( row, column, ref_type, ref_style, sheet_name ) row is the row number to use in the cell address. column is the column number to use in the cell address. ref_type is optional. It is the type of reference to use. It can be any of the following values: Value Explanation 1 Absolute referencing. For example: $A$1 2 Absolute row; relative column. For example: $A1 3 Relative row; absolute column. For example: A$1 4 Relative referencing. For example: A1 If this parameter is omitted, the Address function assumes that the ref_type is set to 1. ref_style is optional. It is the reference style to use: either A1 or R1C1. It can be any of the following values: Value Explanation TRUE A1 style referencing FALSE R1C1 style referencing If this parameter is omitted, the Address function assumes that the ref_style is set to TRUE. sheet_name is optional. It is the name of the sheet to use in the cell address. If this parameter is omitted, then no sheet name is used in the cell address. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Address(4, 5) would return "$E$4" =Address(4, 5, 1) would return "$E$4" =Address(4, 5, 2) would return "E$4" =Address(4, 5, 3) would return "$E4" =Address(4, 5, 4) would return "E4" =Address(4, 5, 1, TRUE) would return "$E$4" =Address(4, 5, 1, FALSE) would return "R4C5" =Address(4, 5, 1, TRUE, "Sheet1") would return "Sheet1!$E$4

return 1 =Areas(A1:C3) would return 1 =Areas((A1:C3, B4:B5)) would return 2 =Areas((A1:C3, B4:B5, G8)) would return 3 =Areas(suppliers) would return 3, if we defined a named range called suppliers as: A1:C3, B4:B5, G8

In Excel, the Column function returns the column number of a cell reference. The syntax for the Column function is: Column( reference ) reference is optional. It is a reference to a cell or range of cells. Note: If the reference parameter is omitted, then the Column function assumes that the reference is the cell address in which the Column function has been entered in.

Choose
In Excel, the Choose function returns a value from a list of values based on a given position. The syntax for the Choose function is: Choose( position, value1, value2, ... value_n ) position is position number in the list of values to return. It must be a number between 1 and 29. value1, value2, ... value_n is a list of up to 29 values. A value can be any one of the following: a number, a cell reference, a defined name, a formula/function, or a text value. Note: If position is less than 1, the Choose function will return #VALUE!. If position is greater than the number of the number of values in the list, the Choose function will return #VALUE!. If position is a fraction (not an integer value), it will be converted to an integer by dropping the fractional component of the number. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Choose(1, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return "Tech" =Choose(2, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return "on" =Choose(3, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return "the" =Choose(4, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return "Net" =Choose(5, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return #VALUE! =Choose(3.75, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") would return "the" VBA Code The Choose function can also be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As Boolean LValue = Choose(1, "Tech", "on", "the", "Net") In this example, the variable called LValue would contain "Tech" as a value. Copyright 2003-2006 Tech on the Net. All rights reserved. We are not responsible for any loss or liability incurred by using this information.

Columns
In Excel, the Columns function returns the number of columns in a cell reference. The syntax for the Columns function is: Columns( reference ) reference is a reference to a range of cells or an array. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Columns(B4) would return 1 =Columns(A4:B6) would return 2 =Columns({1,2;3,4}) would return 2 =Columns({1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8}) would return 4 You can also defined a named range called suppliers that refers to Sheet1!$A$1:$C$8. Then using the Columns function, you could refer to this named range as follows: =Columns(suppliers) would return 3

GetPivotData (Ex #1)

The GetPivotData function returns data from a pivot table. It can retrieve summary data from a pivot table as long as the summary data is visible. The syntax for the GetPivotData function is: GetPivotData( pivot_table, name ) pivot_table is generally a named range that has been set up to point to the pivot table. name is the name of the summary value that you wish to retrieve. For Example: Let's take a look at an example. Below we have an Excel spreadsheet that has a pivot table on Sheet2. We've set up a named range called PivotTable that references this pivot table (Sheet2!$A:$E).

Areas
In Excel, the Areas function returns the number of ranges in a reference. The syntax for the Areas function is: Areas( reference ) reference is a range of cells. If you specify more than one range, you must surround your ranges with brackets. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Areas(A1) would

Column

GetPivotData (Ex #2)

The GetPivotData function returns data from a pivot table. It can retrieve summary data from a pivot table as long as the summary data is visible. The syntax for the GetPivotData function is: GetPivotData( pivot_table, name ) pivot_table is generally a named range that has been set up to point to the pivot table. name is the name of the summary value that you wish to retrieve.

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Index
In Excel, the Index function returns either the value or the reference to a value from a table or range. Syntax #1 - Returning a value The first implementation of the Index function returns the value from a table or range. The syntax for the Index function is: Index( array, row_number, column_number ) range is a range of cells or table. row_number is the row number in the array to use to return the value. column_number is the column number in the array to use to return the value.

HLookup
In Excel, the HLookup function searches for value in the top row of table_array and returns the value in the same column based on the index_number. The syntax for the HLookup function is: HLookup( value, table_array, index_number, not_exact_match ) value is the value to search for in the first row of the table_array. table_array is two or more rows of data that is sorted in ascending order. index_number is the row number in table_array from which the matching value must be returned. The first row is 1. not_exact_match determines if you are looking for an exact match based on value. Enter FALSE to find an exact match. Enter FALSE to find an approximate match, which means that if an exact match if not found, then the HLookup function will look for the next largest value that is less than value. Note: If index_number is less than 1, the HLookup function will return #VALUE!. If index_number is greater than the number of columns in table_array, the HLookup function will return #REF!. If you enter FALSE for the not_exact_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the HLookup function will return #N/A.

ascending order. The Lookup function searches for value in this range. result_range is a single row or single column of data that is the same size as the lookup_range. The Lookup function searches for the value in the lookup_range and returns the value from the same position in the result_range. Note: If the Lookup function can not find an exact match, it chooses the largest value in the lookup_range that is less than or equal to the value. If the value is smaller than all of the values in the lookup_range, then the Lookup function will return #N/A. If the values in the Lookup_range are not sorted in ascending order, the Lookup function will return the incorrect value.

Match Indirect
In Excel, the Indirect function returns the reference to a cell based on its string representation. The syntax for the Indirect function is: Indirect( string_reference, ref_style ) string_reference is a textual representation of a cell reference. ref_style is optional. It is either a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE indicates that string_reference will be interpreted as an A1-style reference. FALSE indicates that string_reference will be interpreted as an R1C1-style reference. If this parameter is omitted, the Indirect function will interpret string_reference as an A1-style. In Excel, the Match function searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item. The syntax for the Match function is: Match( value, array, match_type ) value is the value to search for in the array. array is a range of cells that contains the value that you are searching for. match_type is optional. It the type of match that the function will perform. The possible values are: match_type Explanation 1 (default) The Match function will find the largest value that is less than or equal to value. You should be sure to sort your array in ascending order. If the match_type parameter is omitted, the Match function assumes a match_type of 1. 0 The Match function will find the first value that is equal to value. The array can be sorted in any order. -1 The Match function will find the smallest value that is greater than or equal to value. You should be sure to sort your array in descending order. Note: The Match function does not distinguish between upper and lowercase when searching for a match. If the Match function does not find a match, it will return a #N/A error. If the match_type parameter is 0 and a text value, then you can use wildcards in the value parameter. Wild card Explanation * matches any sequence of characters ? matches any single character

Lookup
In Excel, the Lookup function returns a value from a range (one row or one column) or from an array. There are 2 different syntaxes for the Lookup function: Syntax #1 In Syntax #1, the Lookup function searches for value in the lookup_range and returns the value in the result_range that is in the same position. The syntax for the Lookup function is: Lookup( value, lookup_range, result_range ) value is the value to search for in the lookup_range. lookup_range is a single row or single column of data that is sorted in

Hyperlink
In Excel, the Hyperlink function creates a shortcut to a file or Internet address. The syntax for the Hyperlink function is: Hyperlink ( link, display_name ) link is a path to the file or the URL to the Internet address. display_name is optional. It is the value that appears in the cell. If this parameter is omitted, then the link

Offset
In Excel, the Offset function returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns from another range or cell. The syntax for the Offset function is: Offset( range, rows, columns, height, width ) range is the starting range from which the offset will be applied. rows is the number of rows to apply as the offset to the range. This can be a positive or negative number. columns is the number of columns to apply as the offset to the range. This can be a positive or negative number. height is the number of rows that you want the returned range to be. width is the number of columns that you want the returned range to be.

Switch (VBA)
In Excel, the Switch function evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding value for the first expression in the list that is TRUE. The syntax for the Switch function is: Switch ( expression1, value1, expression2, value2, ... expression_n, value_n ) expression1, expression2, expression_n is a list of expressions that are evaluated. The Switch function is looking for the first expression that evaluates to TRUE. value1, value2, ... value_n is a list of values. The Switch function will return the value associated with the first expression that evaluates to TRUE. For example: Switch (SupplierID=1, "IBM", SupplierID=2, "HP", SupplierID=3, "Nvidia") In this example, if SupplierID is 1, then the Switch function will return "IBM". If SupplierID is 2, then the Switch function will return "HP". If SupplierID is 3, then the Switch function will return "Nvidia". VBA Code The Switch function can only be used in VBA code. For example: Dim LValue As String LValue = Switch (SupplierID=1, "IBM", SupplierID=2, "HP", SupplierID=3, "Nvidia")

VLookup
In Excel, the VLookup function searches for value in the left-most column of table_array and returns the value in the same row based on the index_number. The syntax for the VLookup function is: VLookup( value, table_array, index_number, not_exact_match ) value is the value to search for in the first column of the table_array. table_array is two or more columns of data that is sorted in ascending order. index_number is the column number in table_array from which the matching value must be returned. The first column is 1. not_exact_match determines if you are looking for an exact match based on value. Enter FALSE to find an exact match. Enter TRUE to find an approximate match, which means that if an exact match if not found, then the VLookup function will look for the next largest value that is less than value. Note: If index_number is less than 1, the VLookup function will return #VALUE!. If index_number is greater than the number of columns in table_array, the VLookup function will return #REF!. If you enter FALSE for the not_exact_match parameter and no exact match is found, then the VLookup function will return #N/A.

Row
In Excel, the Row function returns the row number of a cell reference. The syntax for the Row function is: Row( reference ) reference is optional. It is a reference to a cell or range of cells. Note: If the reference parameter is omitted, then the Row function assumes that the reference is the cell address in which the Row function has been entered in.

Transpose Rows
In Excel, the Rows function returns the number of rows in a cell reference. The syntax for the Rows function is: Rows ( reference ) reference is a reference to a range of cells or an array. For example: Let's take a look at an example: =Rows(B4) would return 1 =Rows(A4:B6) would return 3 =Rows({1,2;3,4}) would return 2 =Rows({1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8}) would return 2 You can also defined a named range called suppliers that refers to Sheet1!$A$1:$C$8. Then using the Rows function, you could refer to this named range as follows: =Rows(suppliers) would return 8 In Excel, the Transpose function returns a transposed range of cells. For example, a horizontal range of cells is returned if a vertical range is entered as a parameter. Or a vertical range of cells is returned if a horizontal range of cells is entered as a parameter. The syntax for the Transpose function is: Transpose( range ) range is the range of cells that you want to transpose. Note: The range value in the Transpose function must be entered as an array. To enter an array, enter the value and then press Ctrl-Shift-Enter. This will place {} brackets around the formula, indicating that it is an array.