JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR ANANTAPUR Research & Development Cell Pre-Ph.D.

- Course Work ECE Subject: Wireless Communications (09PH4201) Note: 1. All the Assignments should be in their own handwriting only. 2. Each answer should not exceeding three pages to the possible extent. It is advised to give answers in your own words rather than reproduction from the text books or reference books.

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Assignment-I 1. How a cellular telephone call is made? Explain it with suitable sketches for uplink and downlink cases. 2. Illustrate working principle of various types of wireless communication systems with neat diagrams. 3. List out key specifications of leading 2G technologies and explain their importance. Assignment II 1. (a) Derive the expression for the received power Pr at a given distance d from transmitter using ground reflection ( two ray ) model. (b) Assuming a receiver is located 10 km from a 50 W transmitter. The carrier frequency is 1900 MHz, free space propagation is assumed, and the gain of the transmitter and receiver antennas is Gt = 1, Gr =2 respectively.(i) Find the power at the receiver and the magnitude of the electric field intensity at the receiver antenna. (ii) Find the received power at the mobile using two-ray model assuming the height of the transmitting antenna is 50 m, receiving antenna is 1.5 m above the ground, and the ground reflection is -1. 2. What is log-normal shadowing? Explain its importance with suitable derivation. 3. (a) Write a C or Matlab program to simulate Rayleigh fading channel incorporating the speed of the mobile. Plot the faded signal when the mobile speed is 100 KMPH. (b) How do you extend this simulation to implement a multipath channel? Explain with suitable diagram. Assignment III 1. (a) Prove that Maximal ratio combining diversity scheme will improve the average SNR of received signal with suitable derivation. (b) What modifications are needed in the MRC scheme to realize the equal gain combining technique from it? Explain the operation.

2. Discuss about the role of diversity techniques in the performance evaluation of the communication systems in the presence of Rayleigh fading channels. 3. Simulate one diversity technique using either C or Matlab program and show that performance of a communication system over a fading channel is improve in the presence of diversity technique. Assignment IV 1. (a) Prove that for a hexagonal geometry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by , where , and i,j are non-negative integers. 2. (a) A cellular phone owns 100 call sites and 20 is the traffic intensity per cell with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. Assuming each user makes three calls per hour and average holding time per call is 4 minutes; determine the total number of subscribers that the service provider can support with GOS of 0.02. (c)Explain cell splitting technique which can be used to improve the capacity of cellular system. 3. (a) State and explain Trunking and Grade of Service. (b) A total of 24 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to particular FDD cellular telephone system that uses two 30 kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels. Assume each cell phone user generates 0.1 Erlang of traffic. Assume Erlang B is used. (i) Find the number of channels in each cell for a four cell reuse system. (ii) If each cell is offering capacity that is 90% of perfect scheduling, find the maximum number of users that can be supported per cell. (iii) What is the blocking probability of the system? Assignment V 1. Discuss about the salient features of direct sequence, and frequency hopping spread spectrum systems, and explain the principle of operation of them with suitable sketches. 2. Generate a 63 length Gold code sequence with suitable diagram, and plot its autocorrelation function with respect to chip delay. 3. Write a program to implement the question 2 (just above) and get the same results as obtained analytically. Assignment VI 1. (a ) Derive the expression for radio capacity of cellular system in terms of carrier to interference ratio. (b) In omni-directional (single cell, single sector) CDMA cellular system, Eb/No = 20 dB is required for each user. If 100 users each

with a baseband data rate of 13 kbps are to be accommodated, determine the minimum channel bit rate of the spread spectrum chip sequence. Ignore voice activity considerations. What happens to the channel bit rate, if voice activity with a factor of 3/8 is considered? 2. What is Rake receiver? Derive the expression for output SNR of a Rake receiver of M fingers when it is implemented to over the fading channel effects in BPSK modulated signal. 3. Discuss about Hand off mechanism, and its variations clearly. Assignment VII 1. Give the concept of MIMO with suitable example. 2. Derive the expression for the channel capacity of a flat fading channel based MIMO system. 3. Explain the concept of parallel decomposition of MIMO channels. Assignment VIII 1. Describe the GSM features, architecture and channel types in detail. 2. With suitable diagram(s), explain about Interim Standard 95 (IS-95). 3. Give the important technical specifications of W-CDMA and cdma-2000.