Answers to AS problems in Chemical Ideas

Section 1.1
1a e 2a 3 2.0 5.0 144
Mass of sample/g 55.8 80.2 63.5

b 5.3 c f 50.2 b Neodymium

Amount of sample/mol 2.00 0.50

1.3

d 10.0

6
Number of atoms 6.02 1023 6.02 1023 12.04 1023

4 a

The mass of the sample is needed to be sure that iodine and oxygen are the only elements in the compound. b The relative number of moles of iodine and oxygen. c To change the relative number of moles into the ratio of moles of oxygen relative to 1 mole of iodine. d In order to produce a ratio involving whole numbers e I2O5, I4O10, I6O15, etc. f The molar mass is needed. 1 0.25 2 b 0.5 f 0.5 j 5 c g 0.25 0.25 d 0.1 h 0.1

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

5a e i

Atoms of copper are approximately twice as heavy as atoms of sulfur. Thus the same mass contains only half as many moles of copper as it does of sulfur. Black copper(II) oxide (CuO) contains equal numbers of copper and oxygen particles (Cu2+ and O2 ions). Red copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) contains twice as many copper particles as oxygen particles (Cu+ and O2 ions). a H2O b CO c CS2 d CH4 e Fe2O3 f CuO g CaO h SO2 i MgH2 a 92.3 b 7.7 c CH a SiH4 b CO c CO2 d MgO e C2H6O f CaCO3 g HClO3 h NaHCO3 a CH2 b P2O3 c AlCl3 d BH3 e C4H5 f C3H4 g CH2O h C12H22O11 a H2O2 b CO c C2H2 d C6H6 e C6H12 a 2 b 11 c 2 d 10 e 2 a 30.0 b 78.0 c 129.9 d 100.1 e 158.0 f 241.8 g 132.0 a 2 b 4 c 10 d 0.02 e 5 f 1 106

Section 1.2
1 a b c d e f g h i j 2Mg + O2 2MgO 2H2 + O2 2H2O 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 CaO + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2H2O 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 2CH3OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 4H2O 2 a b c d e 3 a b c d e 2Ca + O2 2CaO Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 C + CO2 2CO N2 + 3H2 2NH3 C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) BaO(s) + 2HCl(aq) BaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Section 1.3
1 a All the magnesium reacts. b So that we know the number of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. c Mass of 1 mole of magnesium oxide. d Because 2 moles of magnesium oxide are produced. e To find the mass of magnesium oxide produced from 1 g of magnesium. f 80.6/48.6 would be multiplied by 50 rather than by 6. 2 20 g 3 a 2.8 g b 3.1 g c 2.5 g 4 3667 g (3.667 kg) 5 a C8H18 + 12.5O2 8CO2 + 9H2O b 175 kg c 154 kg 6 a b c d e f 7 a b 8 a b c d e f 56 tonnes S + O2 SO2 64 g 64 tonnes 2 tonnes 112 tonnes 217 tonnes 0.58 tonnes Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 159.6 g 1.43 g 1.43 tonnes 2.86 tonnes 11.9 tonnes

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Salters Advanced Chemistry, Pearson Education Ltd 2008. University of York. This document may have been altered from the original.

Answers to AS problems in Chemical Ideas

Section 1.4
1 The particles in a gas are much further apart than in a liquid or solid. In a gas, therefore, the volume of the particles is a very small part of the total volume and does not significantly affect it. In a liquid or solid the particles are close together and their volumes must be taken into account when deciding on the total volume. 2 a CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) b Volume of oxygen is twice that of methane. c The volume of water vapour formed is twice the volume of methane burnt. 3 a H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) b Volumes of hydrogen and chlorine are the same. Volume of hydrogen chloride is twice the volume of hydrogen or chlorine. 4 a b 5 a e 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) 5 cm3 3 b 3 c 4 d 2 C3H4 (probably contains a triple bond or a benzene ring) 6 2.4 dm3 7 1.2 dm3 8 a 0.25 b 2 c 48 dm3 d 240 dm3 3 e 30 dm

Section 1.5
1 a i 0.02 dm3 ii 1.5 dm3 3 b i 220 000 cm ii 1600 cm3 2 There is 0.4 mole of sodium hydroxide dissolved in every dm3 of the solution. 3 a 0.5 b 0.4 c 1 d 0.2 e 0.05 f 0.002 4 a 2 b 2 c 5 d 0.2 e 4 f 0.2 5 a 0.25 b 0.2 c 5 d 0.4 e 0.5 f 0.125 6 a 40 g b 4g c 20 g d 0.4 g e 800 g f 1g 7 a 117 g b 3.95 g c 1.4 g d 9936 g e 0.00239 g f 2.385 g g 0.0126 g h 0.1825 g i 24.96 g j 13.895 g 8
Concentration/g dm3 31.5 13.4 0.6 Concentration/mol dm3 5.15 1.49 0.174 0.065

9 Na+ Cl + Na CO32 + Ag NO3 Mg2+ Br H+ SO42 (or HSO4) 10 a 1 mol dm3 b 0.02 mol dm3 3 c 0.3 mol dm d 0.4 mol dm3 11 a 0.0019 mol b 0.0019 mol c 0.076 mol d 0.076 mol dm3 or 2.77 g dm3 12 a 0.0022 mol b 0.0044 mol c 0.176 mol d 0.176 mol dm3 13 a 7.75 104 (0.000 775) mol dm3 b 0.0574 g dm3 14 a 0.0025 b 0.0025 c 25 cm3 15 a 0.02 mol b 0.04 mol c 1 dm3 d 500 cm3 e 20 cm3

Section 2.1
1
Isotope carbon-13 oxygen-16 strontium-90 iodine-131 iodine-123 Symbol
13 6

Atomic number 6 53 53

Mass number 90 131 123 Electrons 35 35 17 17

Number of neutrons 8 78 70

3 a Ar(Br) = 79.9 b Ar(Ca) = 40.1 4 a 100 x b 193x c 191(100 x) d 193x + 191(100 x) e [193x + 191(100 x)] 100 f 60% iridium-193, 40% iridium-191 5 40% antimony-123; 60% antimony-121 6 25% rubidium-87

2
Protons a b c d 35 35 17 17 Neutrons 44 46 18 20

Salters Advanced Chemistry, Pearson Education Ltd 2008. University of York. This document may have been altered from the original.

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