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Confidential and Proprietary Copyright 1998-2005 Actix Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without the prior written consent of Actix Ltd. All brand names and product names included in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.
November 2005
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................2 1.1 D IAGRAMS ........................................................................................................2 CS EVENTS.............................................................................................................4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 IU -CS TRANSPORT EVENT D IAGRAM.................................................................4 IU -CS C ALL O UTGOING D IAGRAM .....................................................................5 IU -CS C ALL INCOMING D IAGRAM .......................................................................8 IU L OCATION UPDATE D IAGRAM ........................................................................9 ATTRIBUTES FOR IU -CS..................................................................................10
PS EVENTS ...........................................................................................................15 3.1 IU -PS TRANSPORT EVENT D IAGRAM...............................................................16 3.2 IU -PS C ALL HANDLING D IAGRAM.....................................................................17 3.3 IU -PS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT D IAGRAM........................................................19 3.4 IU -PS SESSION MANAGEMENT ........................................................................21 3.5 ATTRIBUTES FOR IU -PS ..................................................................................21
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1 Introduction
Most of the Event Diagrams based on Iu Interface signalling have been redesigned. The following analyses were modified: CS Call Handling PS Call Handling
CS/PS Mobility Management and Session Management events did not change. The scope of this document is to describe only the changes in the Iu event detection. There is no description of the events that are handled in unchanged diagrams
1.1
Diagrams
XML Filename
Diagram name
UMTS_Iu_CS_Transport UMTS_Iu_CSCall_Outgoing
Type of Analysis/Event
Iu-CS Transport Layer session tracking (SCCP/RANAP) Mobile Originated (MO) CS call handling Mobile Terminated (MT) CS call handling Location Area Updates Iu-PS Transport Layer session tracking (SCCP/RANAP) Mobile Originated (MO) and Mobile Terminated (MT) PS call handling Routing Area Updates PDP Context Handling
UMTS_Iu_PSCall_Handling.aev
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Iu Event Definition in UMTS Unify3G v1.0 This is the new structure (new/modified diagrams in bold):
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XML Filename
Diagram name
UMTS_Iu_CS_Transport UMTS_Iu_CSCall_Outgoing UMTS_Iu_CSCall_Incoming
Type of Analysis/Event
Iu-CS Transport Layer session tracking (SCCP/RANAP) Mobile Originated (MO) CS call handling Mobile Terminated (MT) CS call handling Iu-CS Mobility Management (LAU, IMSI Attach, Detach) Iu-PS Transport Layer session tracking (SCCP/RANAP) Mobile Originated (MO) and Mobile Terminated (MT) PS call handling Iu-PS Mobility Management (RAU, PS Attach, PS Detach) PDP Context Handling
UMTS_Iu_CSCall_Handling.aev
Iu_LocationUpdate.aev
Iu_Location_Update UMTS_Iu_PS_Transport
UMTS_Iu_PSCall_Handling.aev
PS_Event_Layer
Iu_UMTS_GMM.aev UMTS_Iu_Data_Events.aev
RoutingArea_Update UMTS_Data_Diagram
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2 CS Events
Events in the CS domain are referred to services like AMR Voice Call, UDI Video Call, SMS and Mobility Management procedures (IMSI Attach, Location Area Update, IMSI Detach). Current Iu diagrams analyze these main procedures/services: MOC (Voice and video) MTC (Voice and video) Location Area Updates IMSI Attach/Detach
In addition, each SCCP Connection established over the Iu-CS interface is traced, together with the RANAP messages eventually exchanged over the SCCP connection.
2.1
The scope of the Iu-CS transport diagram is to trace the main SCCP/RANAP procedures of each Iu-CS Signalling Connection. Some of the information set in this diagram is used in the upper layers diagrams that handle CS calls and Mobility management procedures across the Iu-CS interface. The most important of
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this information is the status of the Iu-connection itself (up, down, establishing, releasing, etc.). The upper layer diagrams in fact rely on the presence of the underlying Iu Connection.
2.2
The scope of the Iu-CS Call Outgoing diagram is to trace MO CS Calls, both AMR voice (12.2 kbps) and UDI Video (64 kbps). Originated SMSs are also tracked but no events are set apart from the CS Call Type, which assumes the SMS value. Here below is shown the criteria used for the main Iu-CS Call KPIs: Call Setup Failure (Iu_OutgoingCallSetupFail) o The SCCP Connection is refused by the MSC o CM Service Abort o Anytime before CC:Alerting, release at NAS level with any of the following CC Cause classes: Resource Unavailable Invalid Message Page 5
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NOTE: in case of release at NAS level without CC cause being indicated (the information is optional) the call setup is considered failed o Normal Release at NAS level due to previous RAB Setup Failure o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu-CS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm and CC:Alerting Early Terminated Call Setup (Iu_OutgoingEarlyTerminatedCall) An Early Terminated Call is a call that does not reach the Successful Setup state but at the same time is not c onsidered a Call Setup Failure, for example because the called party rejected the call. It is important to isolate these cases because they normally do not represent abnormal or failure scenarios in the network. o Anytime between CC:Setup and CC:Alerting, release at NAS level with any of the following CC Cause classes: Normal Event Service Option not Available Service Option not Implemented
Typical examples of release cause that falls in these criteria are: - User busy - Call rejected - Unassigned number Also a NAS release with cause Normal Call Clearing during a RAB Setup procedure is considered an Early Terminated Call Setup and not a Call setup Failure Call Setup Successful (Iu_OutgoingCallOK) o CC:Alerting o CC:Connect Ack in case CC:Alerting is not sent (eg. called UE is switched off and answering machine starts ) Call Dropped (Iu_CallDropped) A call drop event can be set only if the call reached the Successful Call setup state. o If CC:Connect Ack message is not sent yet: Release at NAS level with any of the following CC Cause classes: Resource Unavailable
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o If CC:Connect Ack message was sent: Release at NAS level with any cause other than Normal Call clearing and Normal Unspecified NOTE: in case of release at NAS level without CC cause being indicated (the information is optional) the call is considered dropped o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -CS Connection) not being preceded by a release at NAS level. The only exception is when the Iu connection is released due to successful completion of an outgoing SRNS Relocation procedure (Iu Release with cause Successful Relocation) Call Dropped beyond MSC (Iu_CallDroppedBeyondMSC) This is a special case of call drop event that covers scenarios where the call is dropped due to problems on the other leg of the call. The signaling for these calls does not show any failure, but only a call release initiated by the MSC at NAS level. The event therefore is useful to detect drop calls even in the case the signaling do not reveal any failure scenario in the monitored leg of the call. The reason for not including this scenario in the normal Call Dropped KPI is the event reflects only the user experience (the call drops for both users) but it does not represent an actual communication failure in the monitored leg of the call. o After CC:Connect Ack message was sent: Release at NAS level with cause Normal Unspecified NOTE1: this event is peg only after reaching the Connect phase; if the MSC releases the call with cause Normal Uns pecified between the Alerting and Connect phases the call is considered Completed, to cope with the case of T301 expiry. Next release will allow the user to specify the T301 value and event engine will be able to differentiate between a call dropped beyond MSC during Alerting and Connect phases and a call completion due to T301 expiry case. NOTE2: as described in the previous KPI definitions, when MSC release the call with a Normal Event CC Cause Class before reaching the Alerting phase the event is stamped as Early Terminated Call Setup Call Completed (Iu_CallCompleted) o If CC:Connect Ack message is not sent yet: Release at NAS level with any of the following CC Cause classes: Normal Event Service option not Available Service option not Implemented
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Iu Event Definition in UMTS Unify3G v1.0 Release at NAS level with Normal Call clearing
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o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -CS Connection) due to successful completion of an outgoing SRNS Relocation procedure (Iu Release with cause Successful Relocation)
2.3
The scope of the Iu-CS Call Outgoing diagram is to trace MT CS Calls, both AMR voice (12.2 kbps) and UDI Video (64 kbps). Terminated SMSs are also tracked but no events are set apart from the CS Call Type, which as sumes the SMS value. The criteria used for MT CS calls KPIs is the same as the one for MO CS calls (see previous section). These are the attributes associated the main KPIs: Call Setup Failure Iu_IncomingCallSetupFail Early Terminated Call Setup Iu_IncomingEarlyTerminatedCall Call Setup Successful Iu_IncomingCallOK Call Dropped Iu_CallDropped Call Completed Iu_CallCompleted Actix Confidential and Proprietary Page 8
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2.4
The scope of the Iu Location Update diagram is to trace Mobility Management activity of users in the Iu-CS domain (MM). Here below is shown the criteria used for the main Iu-CS Mobility Management KPIs: Location Update Failure / IMSI Attach Failure (Iu_LocationUpdateFail, Iu_IMSIAttachFail) The following scenarios trigger a LU Failure or a IMSI Attach failure depending on the value of Location Update Type field (Normal LU / Peiodic LU / IMSI Attach) precondition is the detection of a previous Location Update Request message: o The SCCP Connection is refused by the MSC o MM:Location Update Reject o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -CS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm and: MM:Location Update Accept if this message does not include new TMSI MM:TMSI Reallocation Complete if Location Update Accept message included new TMSI
NOTE: the diagram does not check any of the LU related timers (T3210..T3213, T3240, T3241 and T3250, T3255). Only at the release of Iu connection in the two clauses above listed will trigger the Location Update Failure event. Successful Location Update / Successful IMSI attach (Iu_LocationUpdateOK, Iu_IMSIAttachOK)
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The following scenarios trigger a successful LU or IMSI Attach depending on the value of Location Update Type field (Normal LU / Periodic LU / IMSI Attach) - precondition is the detection of a previous Location Update Request message: o MM:Location Update Accept if this message does not include new TMSI o MM:TMSI Reallocation Complete if Location Update Accept message included new TMSI Detach (Iu_CS_IMSIDetach) o MM: Detach Indication
2.5
Attribute
1 (Event)
Iu_CallSetupStatusOriginati on
7=T3260 Expired (No Auth. Response) 8=CC Setup sent 9=Call setup successful (Alerting) 10=Call connected 15=CM Service Aborted 20=Disconnected at NAS level 21=Disconnected at Transport Level *=Other
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Attribute
Values
Triggers
Successful CS MT Call Setup See description of KPIs in sec. 2.2 CS MT Call Setup failure See description of KPIs in sec. 2.2 CS MT released during setup phase, not due to failures See description of KPIs in sec. 2.2 It keeps track of the Iu call sequence state of a CS MTC. The most important stages are traced, via NAS messages
1 (Event)
Iu_CallSetupStatusTerminati on
Same as Iu_CallSetupStatusOrigination
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Attribute
Values
4=Security mode Failed 5=RAB Setup ongoing 9=RAB Setup OK 10=RAB Setup Failed 11=RAB Release ongoing 12=RAB Release OK 13=RAB Release failed 20=Iu Release ongoing (CN triggered) 21=Iu Released 22=SCCP Connection Refused 23=Iu Release ongoing (RNC triggered)
Triggers
When possible, it identifies the event that caused the incoming call setup failure. Otherwise it shows the last event occurred before the failure See Iu_IncomingCallSetupFail for triggers
Iu_InCallSetupFailCause
100=Connection Refused by CN 101=Service Requested 102=Paging Replied 103=Authentication Pending 104=Authentication Completed 105=Authentication failed 106=Authentication Rejected by UE 107=T3260 Expired (No Auth. Response) 108=CC Setup sent 109=Call setup successful (Alerting) 110=Call connected 115=CM Service Aborted 120=Disconnected at NAS Disconnected at NAS level, See Iu_CallDropped for triggers
Iu_CallDropCause
Disconnected at Transport Level Call duration is calculated from the CC:Connect ACK to the moment the call is completed or dropped. NOTE: Calls released/dropped between Alerting and Call setup have Call Duration = 0
Iu_CallDuration
msec.
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Attribute
Iu_TimeBetweenInitUEMsgA ndCallStart
Values
Triggers
Call setup time. It is calculated from the RANAP:InitialUEMsg to the CC:Alerting Successful LAU See description of KPIs in sec. 2.4 Unsuccessful LAU See description of KPIs in sec. 2.4 Successful IMSI Attach See description of KPIs in sec. 2.4 Unsuccessful IMSI Attach See description of KPIs in sec. 2.4 IMSI Detach See description of KPIs in sec. 2.4 Duration of LU procedure. It is set only for successful Location Updates:
msec.
Iu_LocationUpdateDuration
msec.
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Attribute
Values
-1=Default 0=Setting up SCCP connection 1=SCCP Connection set up 2=Security Mode ongoing 3=Security Mode OK 4=Security mode Failed 5=RAB Setup ongoing 6=Setting up Iu AAL2 7=AAL2 set up OK 8=AAL2 setup failed 9=RAB Setup OK 10=RAB Setup Failed 11=RAB Release ongoing 12=RAB Release OK 13=RAB Release failed 20=Iu Release ongoing (CN triggered) 21=Iu Released 22=SCCP Connection refused 23=Iu Release ongoing (RNC triggered)
Triggers
It keeps track of the Iu connection sequence state. The most important stages are traced, via SCCP/RANAP messages
Iu_CS_Transport_Status
Iu_Call_Id
Long
Iu_Call_Id uniquely identifies an SCCP connection over the Iu interface (CS or PS) within a logfile. The attribute is relevant for signaling messages only. Used to extract the signaling of a call over Iu Iu_Call_Id_Inc_UserPlane uniquely identifies an SCCP connection and the associated User plane connections over the Iu interface (CS or PS) within a logfile. Used to extract the signaling and User Plane of a call over Iu. NOTE: User Plane over Iu-CS interface is not tracked
Iu_Call_Id_Inc_UserPlane
Long
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Attribute
IubIu_Call_Id
Values
Long
Triggers
IubIu_Call_Id uniquely identifies a connection across Iub and Iu interfaces. The attribute is relevant for signaling messages only (NBAP, ALCAP, RRC, NAS, SCCP, RANAP) NOTE: If the UE has SCCP connections on both Iu-CS and IuPS interfaces then two different IubIu_Call_Id will be allocated Used to extract the signaling and User plane of a call over Iu and Iub
IubIu_Call_Id_Inc_UserPlane
Long
IubIu_Call_Id_Inc_UserPlane uniquely identifies a connection over Iu and Iub interface, including user plane data. NOTE: If the UE has SCCP connections on both Iu-CS and IuPS interfaces then two different IubIu_Call_Id_Inc_UserPlane will be allocated Used to extract the signaling and User plane of a call over Iu and Iub NOTE: User Plane over Iu-CS interface is not tracked
3 PS Events
Events in the PS domain are referred to services like Web Browsing, File download, Video Streaming, MMS, Session Management procedures (PDP Context Activation/Deactivation) and Mobility Management procedures (PS Attach, Routing Area Update, PS Detach). It should be noted that the Iu-PS event diagrams do not handle events in the application layer (e.g. FTP, HTTP). From the radio technology point of view all these application services rely on underlying Packet Calls. There could be more than one definition of Packet Call over the Iu interface. For example, a Packet Call can be considered equivalent to a PDP Session or to PS RAB Session; in the following sections the definition of packet calls over the Iu interface adopted by Actix is described. Current Iu diagrams handle these main procedures/services: PS MOC (Packet Switch Mobile Originated Call) PS MTC (Packet Switch Mobile Terminated Call) PDP Context Activation/Deactivation Routing Area Updates PS Attach/Detach
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In addition, each SCCP Connection established over the Iu-PS interface is traced, together with the RANAP messages eventually exchanged over the SCCP connection. Iu-PS User plane is also tracked whenever the signalling for setting up the PDP Context is part of the tracked SCCP/RANAP connection. In always-on networks where the user can maintain the same PDP context for different calls, the Iu-PS User Plane may not be tracked as there is no need to establish the PDP every time a call is originated. Support Iu-PS User Plane in always-on scenario will be available in a future release.
3.1
The scope of the Iu-PS transport diagram is to trace the main SCCP/RANAP procedure of each Iu-PS Signalling Connection. Some of the information set in this diagram is used in the upper layers diagrams that handle PS calls and Mobility management procedures across the Iu-PS interface. The most important of this information is the status of the Iu-connection itself (up, down, establishing, releasing, etc.). The upper layer diagrams in fact rely on the presence of the underlying Iu Connection.
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3.2
Unlike CS call handling, only one diagram traces PS Calls. Definition of PS call over the Iu-PS Interface: A PS call is equivalent to a RAB instance. However a PS call does not necessarily starts at the RAB Setup RANAP procedure. Whenever it is possible to derive from the signalling that an attempt to establish a PS call is ongoing, even before the RAB setup phase, an attempt of establishing a PS call is detected by the diagram. For example a Service Request message with service type Data implies that a RAB needs to be established to transfer data for the new service requested. Details on the triggers for PS Calls related events are provided below in the KPIs description.
Call Setup Failure (Iu_OutgoingCallSetupFail_PS, Iu_IncomingCallSetupFail_PS) For PS connections initiated with a Service Request with Service Type different from Signaling: o The SCCP Connection is refused by the MSC o Service Reject
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o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -PS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm and RAB Assignment Request (Setup) For any PS connection: o RAB Assignment Response (Failure to Setup) o Activation PDP Context Reject (if not due to RAB Setup failure see above trigger) o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -PS Connection) at anytime between RAB Assignment Request (Setup) and successful completion of the Call Setup (RAB Assignment Response or Activation PDP Context Accept) Call Setup Successful (Iu_OutgoingCallOK_PS, Iu_IncomingCallOK_PS) o Activation PDP Context Accept o RAB Assignment Response (Setup) if the RAB Setup procedure is not part of a PDP Context Activation (i.e. the PDP Context is already established) Call Dropped (Iu_CallDropped_PS) A call drop event can be set only if the call reached the Successful Call setup state. o RAB Assignment Request (Release) with a release cause different from Normal Release o RAB Assignment Request (Release) if the request was initiated by the RNC (via previous RAB Release Request) o In case of PS RABs still set up, release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / IuPS Connection) with cause different from: Successful Relocation User Inactivity NAS Normal release
Call Completed (Iu_CallCompleted_PS) o RAB Assignment Response (Released) with a release cause Normal Release o In case of PS RAB (s) still set up, release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / IuPS Connection) with any of the following causes: Successful Relocation User Inactivity NAS Normal release
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3.3
The scope of the Iu-PS Mobility Management Diagram is to trace Mobility Management activity of users in the Iu-PS domain (GMM). Here below is shown the criteria used for the main Iu-PS Mobility Management KPIs: PS Attach Failure (Iu_PS_Attach_Fail) The following scenarios trigger PS Attach failure (precondition is the detection of a previous Attach Request message): o The SCCP Connection is refused by the MSC o GMM:Attach Reject o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -PS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm and: GMM:Attach Accept if this message does not include new P-TMSI GMM:TMSI Reallocation Complete if Attach Accept message included new P-TMSI Page 19
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o T3350 expiry Successful PS Attach (Iu_PS_Attach_OK) The following scenarios trigger a successful PS Attach - precondition is the detection of a previous Attach Request message: o GMM:Attach Accept if this message does not include new P-TMSI o GMM:p-TMSI Reallocation Complete if Attach Accept message included new P-TMSI Routing Area Update Failure (Iu_PS_RAU_Fail) The following scenarios trigger RAU failure (precondition is the detection of a previous RAU Request message): o The SCCP Connection is refused by the MSC o GMM:Routing Area Update Reject o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -PS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm (or 1st RAU Request attempt if SCCP connection is already established) and: GMM:RAU Accept if this message does not include new P-TMSI GMM:P-TMSI Reallocation Complete if RAU Accept message included new P-TMSI
o T3350 expiry Successful Routing Area Update (Iu_PS_RAU_OK) The following scenarios trigger a successful Routing Area Update - precondition is the detection of a previous RAU Request message: o GMM:Routing Area Update Accept if this message does not include new P-TMSI o GMM:P-TMSI Reallocation Complete if RAU Accept message included new P-TMSI PS Detach Failure (Iu_PS_Detach_Fail) The following scenarios trigger a PS Detach failure - precondition is the detection of a previous GMM: Detach Request message: o T3321 expiry o Release of the underlying transport layer (SCCP / Iu -PS Connection) at anytime between SCCP:Connection Confirm (or 1st Detach Request attempt if SCCP connection is already established) and Detach Accept when the Detach is UE initiated Successful PS Detach (Iu_PS_Detach_OK)
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The following scenarios trigger a successful PS Detach - precondition is the detection of a previous GMM: Request message: o GMM:Detach Accept message in case of UE initiated Detach o The GMM: Detach Request message itself in case of Network initiated Detach
3.4
This version of Actix provides a simple implementation of Session Management over the Iu-PS interface, based on message detection. The following basic events are provided: PDP Context Activation Failure (Iu_GPRS_PDPContextAct_Successful) o SM:Activate PDP Context Reject Successful PDP Context Activation (Iu_GPRS_PDPContextAct_Reject) o SM:Activate PDP Context Accept Successful PDP Context Deactivation (Iu_GPRS_PDPContextDeAct_Successful) o SM:Deactivate PDP Context Accept
3.5
Attribute
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Attribute
Values
0=Connection Refused by CN 1=Service Requested 2=Paging Replied 3=Authentication Pending 4=Authentication Completed 5=Authentication failed 6=Authentication Rejected by UE 7=T3360 Expired (No Auth. Response) 8=PDP Act. Pending
Triggers
It keeps track of the Iu call sequence state of a PS MOC. The most important stages are traced, via NAS messages and RANAP RAB related messages
Iu_CallSetupStatusOrigination_ PS
9=PDP Act.Complete 10=PDP Act. Rejected 11=PS RAB Setup ongoing 12=RAB Setup completed 13=RAB setup failed 14=RAB Release Request from RNC 15=RAB Release 16=RAB release Completed 17=RAB release Failed 18=Service rejected *=Others
Iu_CallSetupStatusTermination _PS
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Attribute
Iu_GPRS_PDPContextDeAct_ Successful Iu_TimeBetweenPDP_ReqAnd Act Iu_TimeBetweenPDP_ReqAnd DeActReq Iu_TimeBetweenPDP_DeactRe qAndDeAct
Values
Triggers
Successful PDP Context Deactivation SM: Deactivate PDP Context Accept TimeAtcDPAcc - TimeActDPReq TimeDeaPDPReq - TimeActPDPReq TimeDeaPDPAcc TimeDeaPDPReq
1 (Event)
Iu_PS_RAU
Iu_PS_RAU_OK Iu_PS_RAU_Fail
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Attribute
Values
Succ_1_Attempt .. Succ_5_Attempt
Triggers
In case of a successful Detach, it indicates the number of Detach Indication messages sent, within the same Iu-PS connection. This is applicable only for UE initiated PS Detach Successful PS Detach See description of KPIs in sec. 3.3 Unsuccessful PS Detach See description of KPIs in sec. 3.3 Successful PS Call Completion. Note there is no distinction between MOC and MTC. See description of KPIs in sec. 3.2 PS Call dropped. Note there is no distinction between MOC and MTC. See description of KPIs in sec. 3.2 It keeps track of the Iu connection sequence state. The most important stages are traced, via SCCP/RANAP messages
Iu_PS_Detach
Iu_PS_Detach_OK Iu_PS_Detach_Fail
1 (Event) 1 (Event)
Iu_CallDropped_PS
1 (Event)
-1=Default 0=Setting up SCCP connection 1=SCCP Connection set up 2=Security Mode ongoing 3=Security Mode OK 4=Security mode Failed 5=RAB Setup ongoing 9=RAB Setup OK Iu_PS_Transport_Status 10=RAB Setup Failed 11=RAB Release ongoing 12=RAB Release OK 13=RAB Release failed 20=Iu Release ongoing (CN triggered) 21=Iu Released 22=SCCP Connection refused 23=Iu Release ongoing (RNC triggered) PS_Background Iu_PS_Call_Type PS_Interactive PS_Streaming PS_Conversational SMS
SMS signaling
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Attribute
Values
PS Registration (Attach/RAU) PS Detach
Triggers
GMM:Attach Request GMM:RAU Request GMM: Detach Indication
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