HEATER NOMENCLATURE

Heater Nomenclature
Three major components Radiant Section Convection Section Stack

Radiant Section
Three major components Firebox
Casing Refractory Tube supports

Radiant Coil
Tubes Bends

Burners
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Firebox Functions
House tubes and burners Obtain complete combustion Contain the flames Avoid impingement on tubes Distribute radiant heat uniformly
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Radiant Coils
The coil configuration Horizontal Vertical Arbor

Burners
Responsible for providing heat They mix the fuel and air to create a stable flame. Position in the firebox can be: In the floor In the walls

Heater Floor and Burner Layout

RADIANT COIL

PEEP HOLES ACCESS DOOR REFRACTORY

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Refractory Lining for Fired Heaters

Contain high temperature combustion Protect steel casing and structure
Oxidation Corrosion Erosion

Minimize heat losses

Inside of a stack with refractory lining of concrete
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Types of Refractory
Insulating Firebrick
Hot-face layers.

Castables (concrete)
All areas of fired heaters

Ceramic fiber
Blanket, Block, Module

Why Convection Section?

Improved heat recovery Flue gas inlet temperature760-2,500C Flue gas outlet temperature260-400F

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Convection Section
Fluid and flue gas are in a cross flow arrangement. Tubes are laid out in triangular pitch. Flue gas flow area is rectangular.
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Convection Section
Coils Bare tubes Extended surface tubes Finned tubes Studded tubes Casing Refractory corbels
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BAFFLES

BARE TUBES

Shield Section
The bottom part of the convection section shields it from direct radiation. Receives the heat from both radiant and convective means. Bottom 2 or 3 rows are considered as shield or shock section.
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Convection Coils
Bare Tubes
Located in the shock section

Extended Surface
Finned Tubes Studded Tubes

Studded

Finned

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Header Boxes
The header box houses the return bends. They are used in convection sections and sometimes in radiant sections.
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Upper Radiant and Arch Section

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Tube Supports
Tubes in the radiant and convection section need to be supported. Tube supports keep tubes straight and support their weight.

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Intermediate TubeSheet
Convection Section Intermediate Tubesheet

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Tube Support Material

Radiant Section
25 Cr- 20 Ni ( SS 310 ) 25 Cr- 12 Ni 50 Cr-50 Ni

Convection Section, in addition to above

19 Cr-9 Ni 5 Cr- 1/2 Mo 21/4 Cr- 1 Mo Carbon Steel

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Peep Doors
One of the most important components for operation. Provides a direct view of what is happening inside the firebox.

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Stacks
Purpose Safe disposal of flue gases Creating draft for
air supply and flue gas flow

Dispersion of flue gas pollutants like

SOx and NOx
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More Heaters Components

Arch

Breeching Bridge wall Access door

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More Heaters Components

Corbels Crossover Tube Pulling Door

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More Heaters Components

Stack damper

Pier

Ladders and platforms

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Offtakes and Stack Arrangement

Damper

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Stack
STACK TIP STRAKES

Strakes Platforms Ladders

PLATFORMS LADDERS

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Firebox Configuration
Vertical Cylindrical Box

Horizontal Coil vs. Vertical Coil

Coil Layout Horizontal vs. Vertical

INLETS BURNERS

F IN N E D T U B E S S H IE L D T U B E S R A D IA N T TU B ES R A D IA N T S E C T IO N PEEP DOOR

C O N V E C T IO N S E C T IO N

R A D IA N T S E C T IO N

BURNE RS

OUTLETS
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End Wall Fired

Floor Fired Heater

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STACK

Natural Draft

CONVECTION

RADIANT

AIR

BURNER

AIR
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STACK

Balanced Draft
COLD FLUE GAS HOT FLUE GAS

DAMPER WITH ACTUATOR

ID fan FD fan
AIR PREHEATER

CONVECTION SECTION

HOT AIR

RADIANT SECTION

COLD AIR

BURNER

ID FAN

FD FAN
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Vertical Cylindrical Heater with Horizontal Convection Section

Low plot space requirement Economical Any number of passes Convection section- compact design Large, few burners Tube lengths are limited to 18-20 m. Very popular design
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Horizontal Tube Cabin Heater

Size 6 -40 MMkcal/hr Even number of passes Small burners Tube lengths up to 26 ft Large plot space requirements

STACK

DAMPER BREECHING CONVECTION SECTION FINNED TUBES SHIELD TUBES

RADIANT SECTION

RADIANT TUBES PEEP DOOR

BURNER

FLOOR
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Twin Cell Horizontal Tube Cabin Heater

DAMPER

STACK

Size 25- 75 MMkcal/hr

FINNED TUBES

BREECHING CONVECTION SECTION

Additional radiant cells possible

SHIELD TUBES RADIANT TUBES RADIANT SECTION PEEP DOOR RADIANT SECTION

BURNERS
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Double Fired Vertical Tube Box Heater

Features
Uniform heat flux Lower peak tube metal temperatures High temperature applications

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Arbor Coil Heaters

STACK

Features
Large manifolds Parallel passes Floor fired or end wall fired Single or double fired

DAMPER BREECHING CONVECTION SECTION

FINNED TUBES SHIELD TUBES

RADIANT TUBES RADIANT SECTION

BURNERS

PEEP DOORS

FLOOR

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Refinery Heaters
Four major building blocks
Atmospheric heater Vacuum heater Coker heater Catalytic Reforming heater

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Atmospheric Heaters
Inlet temp = C Outlet temp= C kg/ 2 Outlet pressure = cm g kg/ 2 Pressure drop cm Largest years run length kcal/ 2 Avg. heat fluxhrm Coil material39

Vacuum Heater Parameters

Inlet/Outlet temp./ C kg/ 2 Outlet pressurecm g Average heat transfer rate 2 kcal/ hrm kg/ 2 Pressure drop cm Outlet velocityof sonic velocity Peak fluid temperature Gradually increase pipe size of last 3-4 tubes towards the outlet
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STACK

DAMPER

Coker Heater
Inlet temp.C Outlet temp. C Outlet pressurepsia Average heat transfer rate 2 kcal/ hrm kg/ 2 Pressure drop cm Cold oil velocitym/s

BREECHING CONVECTION SECTION FINNED/ STUDDED TUBES BARE TUBES

RADIANT TUBES

RADIANT SECTION PEEP DOORS

BURNERS

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Catalytic Reforming Heater

Inlet/Outlet temp. / C Operating pressure kg/ 2 cm Typical heat flux kcal/ 2 hrm Pressure drop kg/ 2per stage cm

Stack Damper

Convection Section

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