STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE Engineering Design Guide Procedure For Joist Girders

Approved by the Board of Directors November 7, 1983 Revision 0

Revision 1 Revision 2

Revision 3

Revision 4

Approved by the Board of Directors 02-01-1993 Page 23 Added Top Chord Fillers-Design Check for Required Weld Length Approved by the Board of Directors 09-09-1993 Page 8(A) Added Shear Capacity Check of Chord Members (Page originally dated 06-17-1992 and revised 09-23-1992; also shows Issued 04-01-1993) Approved by the Board of Directors 09-01-2000 Page 8(B) Added Bearing Capacity Check of the Outstanding Leg of the Compression Chord of the Joist Girder under the Reaction of the Joist Bearing on it (Page originally dated 02-01-2000) Approved by the Board of Directors 11-07-2006 Complete document revised to be in accordance with the 2005 Standard Specifications for Joist Girders (ANSI SJI JG-1.1)

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Table of Contents
Section 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 Description GENERAL INFORMATION GLOSSARY OF TERMS EXAMPLES OF JOIST GIRDER DESIGN CHECKS EXAMPLE 1A EXAMPLE 1B REFERENCES PRESENTATION OF ENGINEERING DATA Page 4 6 10 10 32 57 58

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STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE AND STANDARD DESIGN FORMAT FOR JOIST GIRDERS As approved by the Board of Directors of the Steel Joist Institute on November 7, 2006 The following comments and sample calculations are offered to: 1) Aid the satisfactory presentation of design data; and 2) Assist in the efficient review of these data by the Consulting Engineer of the Steel Joist Institute. A member company of the Steel Joist Institute is responsible for updating its design program and/or design in accordance with specification changes. The revised design must be approved within eighteen months of written notification from the Managing Director of the required change, or as otherwise specified by the Board of Directors.

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SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

A. Accuracy Mathematical correctness is necessary; a stress ratio not exceeding 1.01 is acceptable. B. Effective Depth No variation from the nominal depth is permissible in design calculations. The effective depth shall be the distance between the centers of gravity of the top and bottom chords. C. Cold-Formed Members The equations presented in the joist girder design examples are applicable to hot rolled members and are based on the 2005 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. When cold-formed members are used for chords and webs the following requirements apply. 1) Cold-Formed Angle Chords: a. Q shall be calculated based on the following equation1:

Q=

Fc 0.6 Fy w 63.3 t Fy

where Fc = 0.6 Fy for

w 63.3 w 144 < < Fc = Fy 0.767 0.00264 Fy for t Fy t Fy Fc = 8000 w t

2

for

144 w 25 Fy t

b. c. a.

Use 2005 AISC Specification Equations to determine the chord available strength. Use a resistance factor, , of 0.9 and a safety factor, , of 1.67. Use the 2001 AISI Standard North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members with 2004 Supplement for the calculation of nominal strength. Use a resistance factor, , of 0.85 and safety factor, , of 1.765.

2) Other Cold-Formed Chord Shapes:

b.

3) Cold-Formed Angle Webs:

1

Based on the 1980 AISI Specification

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a. b. c.

Determine Q values based on the equation given in Section 1, Part C, Item 1a. Use 2005 AISC Specification Equations to determine the web available strength. Use a resistance factor, , of 0.9 and a safety factor, , of 1.67. a. Use the AISI Specifications for the calculation of nominal strength. b.Use a resistance factor, , of 0.85 and safety factor, , of 1.765.

4) Other Cold-Formed Web Shapes:

D. General Remarks 1) Joist Girders shall be designed as simply-supported primary members. All loads shall be applied through steel joists, and will be equal in magnitude and evenly spaced along the Joist Girder top chord. 2) The examples that follow indicate the general and specific data that is to be shown or is necessary for arriving at the final design. 3) Requests for clarification of points regarding either design or physical tests should be directed to the Managing Director, Technical Director or to the Consulting Engineer of the SJI. 4) Design of the end bearing is the responsibility of the applicant and is not included. Sizes of plates should not be shown. 5) Weld design is the responsibility of the applicant and weld sizes are not to be shown. Designs of Joist Girders, submitted for Steel Joist Institute design check, must be in accordance with the Standard Specifications shown in the current edition of the Institutes catalog. The principles involved in the design of the chords, webs and welds are explained in the accompanying material in a typical example. It is not to be inferred that the applicant must use the modified Warren configuration of the illustrative example, or panel lengths, or chord sizes used therein. The example is merely presented in order to help illustrate the general engineering principles as applied to Joist Girders which are accepted as the basis of the design by the Steel Joist Institute. An applicant submitting a design for Joist Girders must verify the chords and webs as outlined in Section 3. The stress of the top chord must be calculated at all critical panel points and mid-panel points in accordance with the Steel Joist Institute specifications. If the panel lengths are varied within a Joist Girder, panels other than the end or center may be critical.

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SECTION 2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ASD (Allowable Strength Design). Method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component under the action of the ASD load combinations. ASD Load Combination. Load combination in the applicable building code intended for allowable strength design (allowable stress design). Allowable Strength. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor, Rn/. Available Strength. Design strength or allowable strength as appropriate. Bearing. The distance that the bearing shoe or seat of a joist or Joist Girder extends over its masonry, concrete or steel support. Bridging. In general, a member connected to a joist to brace it from lateral movement. This may be horizontal bridging or diagonal bridging, as required. Buckling. Limit state of sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition. Buckling Strength. Nominal strength for buckling or instability limit states. Chords. The top and bottom members of a joist or Joist Girder. When a chord is comprised of two angles there is usually a gap between the members. Clear Span. The actual clear distance or opening between supports for a joist, that is the distance between walls or the distance between the edges of flanges of beams. Cold-Formed Steel Structural Member. Shape manufactured by press-braking blanks sheared from sheets, cut lengths of coils or plates, or by roll forming cold- or hot-rolled coils or sheets; both forming operations being performed at ambient room temperature, that is, without manifest addition of heat such as would be required for hot forming. Design Load. Applied load determined in accordance with either LRFD load combinations or ASD load combinations, whichever is applicable. Design Strength. Resistance factor multiplied by the nominal strength, Rn. Effective Length. Length of an otherwise identical column with the same strength when analyzed with pin-ended boundary conditions. End Diagonal or Web. The first web member on either end of a joist or Joist Girder which begins at the top chord at the seat and ends at the first bottom chord panel point.

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Factored Load. Product of a load factor and the nominal load. Filler. A rod, plate or angle welded between a two angle web member or between a top or bottom chord panel to tie them together, usually located at the middle of the member. Gravity Load. Load, such as that produced by dead and live loads, acting in the downward direction. Instability. Limit state reached in the loading of a structural component, frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry produces large displacements. Joist. A structural load-carrying member with an open web system which supports floors and roofs utilizing hot-rolled or cold-formed steel and is designed as a simple span member. Currently, the SJI has the following joist designations: K-Series including KCS, LH-Series and DLH-Series. Joist Girder. A primary structural load-carrying member with an open web system designed as a simple span supporting equally spaced concentrated loads of a floor or roof system acting at the panel points of the member and utilizing hot-rolled or cold-formed steel. Limit State. Condition in which a structure or component becomes unfit for service and is judged either to be no longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit state) or to have reached its ultimate load-carrying capacity (strength limit state). Load. Force or other action that results from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, or restrained dimensional changes. Load Effect. Forces, stresses, and deformations produced in a structural component by the applied loads. Load Factor. Factor that accounts for deviations of the nominal load from the actual load, for uncertainties in the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect, and for the probability that more than one extreme load will occur simultaneously. LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design). Method of proportioning structural components such that the design strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component under the action of the LRFD load combinations. LRFD Load Combination. Load combination in the applicable building code intended for strength design (Load and Resistance Factor Design). Nominal Load. Magnitude of the load specified by the applicable building code.

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Nominal Strength. Strength of a structure or component (without the resistance factor or safety factor applied) to resist the load effects, as determined in accordance with these Standard Specifications. Required Strength. Forces, stress, and deformations produced in a structural component, determined by either structural analysis, for the LRFD or ASD load combinations, as appropriate, or as specified by these Standard Specifications. Resistance Factor, . Factor that accounts for unavoidable deviations of the nominal strength from the actual strength and for the manner and consequences of failure. Safety Factor, . Factor that accounts for deviations of the actual strength from the nominal strength, deviations of the actual load from the nominal load, uncertainties in the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect and for the manner and consequences of failure. Service Load. Load under which serviceability limit states are evaluated. Serviceability Limit State. Limiting condition affecting the ability of a structure to preserve its appearance, maintainability, durability, or the comfort of its occupants or function of machinery, under normal usage. Slenderness Ratio. The ratio of the effective length of a column to the radius of gyration of the column about the same axis of bending. Span. The centerline-to-centerline distance between structural steel supports such as a beam, column or Joist Girder or the clear span distance plus four inches onto a masonry or concrete wall. Specified Minimum Yield Stress. Lower limit of yield stress specified for a material as defined by ASTM. Stability. Condition reached in the loading of a structural component, frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry does not produce large displacements. Standard Specifications. Documents developed and maintained by the Steel Joist Institute for the design and manufacture of open web steel joists and Joist Girders. The term SJI Standard Specifications encompass by reference the following: ANSI/SJI-K1.1 Standard Specification for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series; ANSI/SJI-LH/DLH-1.1 Standard Specifications for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series and Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series; and ANSI/SJI-JG-1.1 Standard Specifications for Joist Girders. Strength Limit State. Limiting condition affecting the safety of the structure, in which the ultimate load-carrying capacity is reached.

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Tensile Strength (of material). Maximum tensile stress that a material is capable of sustaining as defined by ASTM. Webs. The vertical or diagonal members joined at the top and bottom chords of a joist or Joist Girder to form triangular patterns. Yield Point. First stress in a material at which an increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress as defined by ASTM. Yield Strength. Stress at which a material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain as defined by ASTM. Yield Stress. Generic term to denote either yield point or yield strength, as appropriate for the material.

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SECTION 3 EXAMPLES OF JOIST GIRDER DESIGN CHECKS

The following examples are for illustrative purposes only, and it is not to be implied that the manufacturer must follow the choice of chords, webs or even general configuration.
3.1 EXAMPLE 1A

The Joist Girder designation for this example: 40G7N11.6F @ 35-0 span; LRFD Design, Modified Warren Geometry
GIVEN:

Designation: Length: Working Length: All Material: Weld Electrode: Chord Spacing: Dead load Live load Factored load Resistance Factors Design Stress
REQUIRED:

40G 7N 11.6F 35.00 ft. 34.67 ft. Fy = 50,000 psi E70XX 1 in. Back to Back 3000 lb (includes weight of girder) 5000 lb 1.4 D = 4200 lb 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 11,600 lb
t = 0.90 c = 0.90 tFy = 0.90 x 50 ksi = 45 ksi (Tension members)

fu shall not exceed Fn for all members where, fu Fn

Fn

= = = =

required stress, ksi nominal stress, ksi resistance factor design stress, ksi

See also, Steel Joist Institute Standard Specification for Joist Girders 10 of 60

ANALYSIS and DESIGN:

C L
P/2 P P P P P P P/2

4.835 ' 2

5.000 ' 5

5.000 ' 8

10

5.000 ' 11

13

5.000 ' 14

16

5.000 ' 17

19

4.835 ' 20

22

d= 38.52 "
3 2.335 ' 2.500 ' 6 9 12 15 18 21

34.670 '
R = 3.5P

R = 3.5P

Figure 1: Joist Girder Layout and Loading

Calculate Moment at Midspan of Girder:

M CL = 3.5 P(17.335) P(2.5 + 7.5 + 12.5)

= 29.505 P = 29.505 11.6 = 342.26 ft kips = 4,107,096 in lb ASSUME EFFECTIVE DEPTH = d = 38 in.
A req 'd = M 4,107,096 = d ( t Fy ) (38)(0.9)(50,000)

P(17.335) 2

= 2.40 in.2

And

TRY T.C. 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 TRY B.C. 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16

d = D ( y TC + y BC ) = 40 (0.740 + 0.740) = 38.52 in. Calculate maximum B.C. force: Occurs at point directly below panel point 10.

M 10 d

P (14 .835 )(12 ) 1,000 3 .5 P (14 .835 )(12 ) P (5 + 10 )(12 ) 2 = 38 .52

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MAX FORCE BC = 106,622 lb Force BC 106,622 = = 2.37 in.2 t Fy 0.9x50,000 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16, Area = 2.93 in.2 Therefore, trial section axial stress is OK Calculate maximum T.C. force: Occurs at panel point 11. Calculate moment at panel point 12. MAX FORCE TC = 106,622 lb Trial TC section = 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 Io = 0.849 in.4; A = 1.46 in.2; rx = 0.761 in.; rz = 0.489 in.; Q = 1.0 Io-o = Io + Ax2 = 0.849 + 1.46(0.5 + 0.740)2 = 3.094 in.4
ry y = I o o 3.094 = = 1.456 in. A 1.46

lz = 15 in. (TC Fillers); lx = 30 in.; ly-y = 60 in. (l/r)z = 15/0.489 = 30.67 (l/r)x = 30/0.761 = 39.42 (l/r)y-y = 60/1.456 = 41.21 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

Governs 90

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 41.21 use,

QFy 2 0.658 Fe Fy where, Fe = E Fcr = Q 2 l r

( )

Fe = 168,536 psi
1.0 ( 50 , 000 ) 0.658 168,536 50,000 = 44,161 psi Fcr = Fn = 1.0

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Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(44,161) = 39,745 psi Required Stress:

fu = 106,622 lb = 36,514 psi 39,745 psi OK 2(1.46 in 2 )

CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY OF CHORD MEMBERS

3
POSSIBLE SHEAR FAILURE PLANE

Figure 2. Possible Shear Failure Locations

b t

V T or C

Figure 3. Forces on Critical Section

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CHECK BOTTOM CHORD AT PANEL POINT 3: V = Shear force across chord section, kips T = Tension force in the chord section, kips C = Compression force in the chord section, kips A = Chord area, in.2 EDL = 2.335 ft = 28.02 in. VAR = 2.500 ft = 30.00 in. PNL = 5.000 ft = 60.00 in. d = 38.52 in. b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 3P = 3 x 11.6 = 34.8 kips T = V/(d/EDL) = 34.8/(38.52/28.02) = 25.3 kips A = 2.93 in.2

Required Stress: Shear Tensile fuv = V / (2*t*b) = 34.8 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 22.27 ksi fut = T / A = 25.3 / 2.93 = 8.63 ksi

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction: ( v = 1.0)

0.6 v Fy 1 2 f ut + 4f uv
2 2

30 ksi 22.68 ksiOK

USE 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 FOR BOTTOM CHORD

CHECK TOP CHORD AT PANEL POINT 4: d = 40-2(0.740) = 38.52 in. b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 3P = 3 x 11.6 = 34.8 kips C = 3P(EDL+VAR)/d = 52.4 kips A = 2.93 in.2 Required Stress: Shear fuv = V / (2*t*b) = 34.8 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 22.27 ksi
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Compressive

fuc = C / A = 52.4 / 2.93 = 17.88 ksi

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction: ( v = 1.0)

0.6 v Fy 1 2 f uc + 4f uv
2 2

30 ksi 24.00 ksiOK

USE 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 FOR TOP CHORD

CHECK BOTTOM CHORD AT PANEL POINT 6: d = 40-2(0.740) = 38.52 in. b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 2P = 2 x 11.6 = 23.2 kips T = [3P(EDL+VAR+1/2 PNL) P(1/2 PNL)]/d = 70.5 kips A = 2.93 in.2 Required Stress: Shear Tensile fuv = V / (2*t*b) = 23.2 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 14.85 ksi fut = T / A = 70.5 / 2.93 = 24.06 ksi

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction: ( v = 1.0)

0.6vFy 1 2 f ut + 4f uv
2 2

30 ksi 19.11 ksiOK

BY INSPECTION, SHEAR CAPACITY AT PANEL POINTS 7, 9, 10, AND 12 DOES NOT GOVERN DESIGN.
CHECK THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE OUTSTANDING LEG OF THE COMPRESSION CHORD OF THE JOIST GIRDER UNDER THE REACTION OF THE JOIST BEARING ON IT (Galambos, 2000).

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BEARING SEAT OF STEEL JOIST

WEB DIAGONAL OUSTANDING LEG OF JOIST GIRDER TOP CHORD

Figure 4. Joist Bearing on Joist Girder Panel Point

TC = 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 t = 0.3125 in. b = 2.5 in. Q = 1.0 K-distance = 0.625 in. Pu = Factored girder panel load = 11,600 lb Adjusted T.C. force = 106,622 lb
f uTC = 106,622 lb = 36,514 psi 2(1.46 in 2 )

Width of joist bearing seat: g = 5.0 in. The allowable reaction is the lesser of:
f Pp and Pp 1.6 uTC QFy where, = 0.9

Pp =

2(b K )

t 2 Fy

[g + 5.66(b K )]
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0.31252 50 [5 + 5.66(2.5 0.625)] = 20.33 kips Pp = 2(2.5 0.625) Pp = 18.3 kips f 36.514 = 14.43 kips Pp 1.6 uTC = 18.31.6 0.9 1.0 50 QFy The controlling value is 14.43 kips. The required reaction is of the joist girder panel point load of 11.6 kips.
Check Span/ry-y 575:

34.67 12 = 286 575 OK 1.456

Check Bottom Chord Braces:

l/ry-y 240 lmax = 240(ry-y) = 240(1.456)/12 lmax = 29.12 ft. USE ONE BC BRACE NEAR MIDSPAN

Calculate Chord/Web Forces: TOP CHORD: BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-2; 2-4; 19-20; 20-22:

FTC =

M 3 [3P( 2.335)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 25,314 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-5; 5-7; 16-17; 17-19:

FTC =

M 6 [3P(7.335)(12) P( 2.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 70,485 lb

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BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-8; 8-10; 13-14; 14-16:

FTC =

M 9 [3P(12.335)(12) P( 2.5 + 7.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 97,588 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-11; 11-13:

FTC =

M 12 [3P(17.335)(12) P( 2.5 + 7.5 + 12.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 106,622 lb

BOTTOM CHORD: BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-6; 18-21:

FBC =

M 4 [3P ( 4.835 )(12 ) ]1,000 = d 38 .52 = + 52 ,416 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-9; 15-18:

FBC =

M 7 [3P ( 9 .835 )(12 ) P ( 5)(12 ) ]1,000 = d 38 .52 = + 88,554 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-12; 12-15:

FBC =

M 10 [3P (14 .835 )(12 ) P ( 5 + 10 )(12 ) ]1,000 = d 38 .52 = + 106 ,622 lb

WEB MEMBER FORCES:

MIN SHEAR = 0.25(3.5P) = 10,150 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21: (VERTICALS)

FVERT = 2% (MAX CHORD FORCE) = 0.02(106,622) = 2,132 lb

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BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-3; 22-21: V = 3P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 3(11.6)(1.237)(1,000) = +43,048 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-4; 21-19: V = 3P FWEB = V(CSC ) = 3(11.6)(1.267)(1,000)

= 44,092 lb
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-6; 19-18: V = 2P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 2(11.6)(1.267)(1,000) = +29,394 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-7; 18-16: V = 2P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 2(11.6)(1.267)(1,000) = 29,394 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-9; 16-15: V=P FWEB = V(CSC ) = (11.6)(1.267)(1,000)

= +14,697 lb
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-10; 15-13: V=P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = (11.6)(1.267)(1,000) = 14,697 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-12; 13-12:

V = 0.25(3.5)P MIN SHEAR FWEB = V(CSC ) = 0.25(3.5)(11.6)(1.267)(1,000) = +12,860 lb

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FORCE ANALYSIS SUMMARY:

TOP CHORD FORCES (lb) 1-2; 2-4 -25,314 4-5; 5-7 -70,485 7-8; 8-10 -97,588 10-11; 11-13 -106,622 13-14; 14-16 -97,588 16-17; 17-19 -70,485 19-20; 20-22 -25,314

BOTTOM CHORD FORCES (lb) 3-6 +52,416 6-9 +88,554 9-12 +106,622 12-15 +106,622 15-18 +88,554 18-21 +52,416 -----

WEB MEMBER 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21 1-3; 22-21 3-4; 21-19 4-6; 19-18 6-7; 18-16 7-9; 16-15 9-10; 15-13 10-12; 13-12

FORCES (lb) REQD COMP FORCE (lb)* -2,132 --+43,048 -44,092 +29,394 -29,394 +14,697 -14,697 +12,860 -10,762 ---7,349 ---3,674 ---3,215

*SJI Specification 1003.4 (b)

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DESIGN WEB MEMBERS:

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21: (VERTICALS)

TRY L 1 x 1 x 1/8 (crimped ends) l = 38.52 in.; rz = 0.246 in.; A = 0.297 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -2,132 lb fu = -2,132/0.297 = 7,178 psi (l/r)z = 38.52/0.246 = 156.59 200 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 156.59 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( lr )

2E
2

Fe = 11,673 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(11,671) = 10,237 psi Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(10,237) = 9,213 psi > fu Weld: 2,132 = 0.8 in. 1392(2) OK use L 1 x 1 x 1/8

Use 2 of 1/8 weld each end of angle (1 min. each leg of each end)

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BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-3; 22-21: (End Diagonal)

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 43,048 = = 0.957 in.2 t Fy 0.9 x 50,000

Try 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 47.63 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A2L = 1.054 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 47.63/0.293 = 162.56 (no fillers) 240 Check compression: Force = -10,762 lb fu = -10,762/1.054 = 10,211 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E
6 = 4.71 29x10

QFy

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 162.56 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 10,831 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,831) = 9,499 psi

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(9,499) = 8,549 psi < fu NG Try with 1 filler.

(l/r)x = 47.63/0.457 = 104.22 (One filler at mid-length)

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Check critical stress:

4.71 E QF y
6 = 4 .71 29 x10

1 .0 50 ,000

= 113 .43 > 104 .22 use ,

QF y F 2E Fcr = Q 0 .658 e Fy where , Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 26 ,351 psi Fcr = Fn = 22 ,597 psi

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(22,597) = 20,337 psi > fu Weld: 43,048 = 10.3 in. 1392(3) Use 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 w/ filler

Use 5 1/4 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-4; 21-19: (First Primary Compression Web)

Try 2L 2 x 2 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.394 in.; rx = 0.617 in.; A2L = 1.430 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -44,092 lb fu = -44,092/1.430 = 30,834 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.617 = 79.12 (One filler at mid-length) 200

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Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy

6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 79.12 use,

QFy 2 0.658 Fe Fy where, Fe = E Fcr = Q 2 l r

( )

Fe = 45,722 psi Fcr = Fn = 31,636 psi Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(31,636) = 28,472 psi < fu Try 2L 2 x 2 x 1/4 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.391 in.; rx = 0.609 in.; A2L = 1.876 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -44,092 lb fu = -44,092/1.876 = 23,503 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.609 = 80.16 (One filler at mid-length) 200 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

N.G. Try 2L 2 x 2 x 1/4 w/ filler

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 80.16 use,

QFy 2 0.658 Fe Fy where, Fe = E Fcr = Q 2 l r

( )

Fe = 44,543 psi Fcr = Fn = 31,256 psi 24 of 60

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(31,256) = 28,130 psi > fu Weld: 44,092 = 10.6 in. 1392(3) OK Use 2L 2 x 2 x 1/4 w/ filler

Use 5 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-6; 19-18:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 29,394 = = 0.653 in.2 0.9 x 50,000 t Fy

Try 1L 2 x 2 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.394 in.; rx = 0.617 in.; A = 0.715 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.394 = 123.91 (no fillers) 240 Check compression: Force = -7,349 lb fu = -7,349/0.715 = 10,278 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 123.91 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 18,642 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(18,642) = 16,349 psi

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Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(16,349) = 14,714 psi > fu Weld: 29,394 = 7.1 in. 1392(3) OK

Use 7 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of angle (3 3/4 min. each leg of each angle)

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-7; 18-16:

Try 2L 2 x 2 x 0.143 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.396 in.; rx = 0.624 in.; A = 1.104 in.2; Q = 0.898 Force = -29,394 lb fu = -29,394/1.104 = 26,625 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.624 = 78.24 (One filler at mid-length) 200 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

0.898 50,000

= 119.70 > 78.24 use,

QFy F 2E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 46,756 psi Fcr = Fn = 30,039 psi

26 of 60

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(30,039) = 27,035 psi > fu Weld: 29,394 = 10.6 in. 1392(2) OK

Use 5 1/2 of 1/8 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-9; 16-15:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 14,697 = = 0.327 in.2 0.9 x 50,000 t Fy

Try 1L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A = 0.527 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.293 = 166.62 (no fillers) 240 Check compression: Force = -3,683 lb fu = -3,683/0.527 = 6,989 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E
6 = 4.71 29x10

QFy

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 166.62 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 10,310 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,310) = 9,042 psi

27 of 60

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(9,042) = 8,138 psi > fu Weld: 14,697 = 3.5 in. 1392(3) OK

Use 3 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of angle (1 3/4 min. each leg of each end)
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-10; 15-13:

Try 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A = 1.054 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -14,732 lb fu = -14,732/1.054 = 13,977 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.457 = 106.83 (One filler at mid-length) 200 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 106.83 use,

QFy F 2E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 25,079 psi Fcr = Fn = 21,705 psi

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Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(21,705) = 19,535 psi > fu Weld: 14,697 = 3.5 in. 1392(3) OK

Use 2 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-12; 13-12:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 12,860 = = 0.286 in.2 0.9 x 50,000 t Fy

Try 1L 1 x 1 x 5/32 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.295 in.; rx = 0.461 in.; A = 0.444 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.295 = 165.49 240 Check compression: Force = -3,215 lb fu = -3,215/0.444 = 7,241 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 165.49 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 10,451 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,451) = 9,166 psi

29 of 60

Design Stress: c Fn = 0.9(9,166) = 8,249 psi > fu Weld: 12,860 = 4.6 in. 1392(2) OK

Use 5 of 1/8 weld each end of angle (2 1/2 min. each leg of each end) The design submittal shall provide details to demonstrate how the required weld length will be applied, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 below.

TOP CHORD WEB 1-3

WEB 2-3 WEB 3-4

WEB 1-3

BOTTOM CHORD

Figure 5. Welding of Web Members (For illustrative purposes only; all joist connections must be shown)

30 of 60

CHORD

1" MIN WELD LENGTH

CHORD
Figure 6. Section A A DEFLECTION CHECK

LJG = 35 (34.67 working length); Assume joists are 40 ft. long. Live Load = 25 psf; 25 x 40 = 1.0 kip/ft LL Deflection at 1/360 of working length = 34.67 x 12 / 360 = 1.16 I JG AT AB d2 = IT + IB + AT + AB

IT = 0.849 in.4 IB = 0.849 in.4 AT = 2.93 in.2 AB = 2.93 in.2 d = 38.52 in. IJG = 2,177 in.4 1 4 1.15(5) (34.67 12) 1.15(5)(W ) L 12 = DEFLECTION = 384 EI JG 384 29,000 2,177

( )
4

DEFLECTION = 0.59 in. < 1.16 in. OK 31 of 60

TOP CHORD FILLERS: (if needed)

Check for required weld length E70XX Electrodes Angle type filler (3/16 Material) Assume 3/16 in. fillet weld Fexx = 70,000 psi w = 0.75 Fnw = 0.6 Fexx Lw = required length of weld, in. P = chord force, lb Dw = weld size, in. wFnweld= weld design stress = 31,500 psi fuweld = required force of weld in shear = 2% of P P fuweld Lw = 106,622 lb = 106,622 x 0.02 = 2,132 lb f uweld 1.414 2,132 = 2 = = 0.509 in. w Fnweld D w 31,500 0.188 Given:

Use 2 3/16 welds 3/4 long (one weld on each chord angle)* * NOTE: Minimum allowable weld length is four times the weld thickness. Weld length for web fillers and/or ties must be calculated using same procedure.

32 of 60

3.2

EXAMPLE 1B

The Joist Girder designation for this example: 40G7N8K @ 35-0 span; ASD Design, Modified Warren Geometry
GIVEN:

Designation: Length: Working Length: All Material: Weld Electrode: Chord Spacing: Dead load Live load Allowable Stress
REQUIRED:

40G 7N 8K 35.00 ft. 34.67 ft. Fy = 50,000 psi E70XX 1 Back to Back 3000 lb (includes weight of girder) 5000 lb Fn/ = 0.6Fn= 0.6Fy= 30 ksi (Tension members)

f shall not exceed Fn/ for all members where, f Fn Fn/ = = = = required stress, ksi nominal stress, ksi safety factor 0.6Fn = allowable stress

See also, Steel Joist Institute Standard Specification for Joist Girders

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ANALYSIS and DESIGN:

C L
P/2 P P P P P P P/2

4.835 ' 2

5.000 ' 5

5.000 ' 8

5.000 ' 10 11

5.000 ' 13 14

5.000 ' 16 17

4.835 ' 19 20

22

d= 38.52 "
3 2.335 ' 2.500 ' 6 9 12 15 18 21

34.670 '
R = 3.5P

R = 3.5P

Figure 1: Joist Girder Layout and Loading

Calculate Moment at Midspan of Girder: Where, P = 8.0 kips M CL = 3.5 P(17.335) P(2.5 + 7.5 + 12.5) = 29.505 P = 29.505 8 = 236.04 ft kips = 2,832,480 in lb ASSUME EFFECTIVE DEPTH = d = 38 in.
A req 'd = M 2,832,480 = d (0.6Fy ) (38)(0.6)(50,000)

P(17.335) 2

= 2.48 in.2

And

TRY T.C. 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 TRY B.C. 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16

d = D ( y TC + y BC ) = 40 (0.740 + 0.740) = 38.52 in.

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Calculate maximum B.C. force: Occurs at point directly below panel point 10.
P(14.835)(12) 1,0003.5P(14.835)(12) P(5 + 10)(12) M 10 2 = d 38.52 MAX FORCE BC = 73,533 lb Force BC 73,533 = = 2.45 in.2 0.6Fy 0.6(50,000) 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16, Area = 2.93 in.2 Therefore, trial section axial stress is OK Calculate maximum T.C. force: Occurs at panel point 11. Calculate moment at panel point 12. MAX FORCE TC = 73,533 lb Trial TC section = 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 Io = 0.849 in.4; A = 1.46 in.2; rx = 0.761 in.; rz = 0.489 in.; Q = 1 Io-o = Io + Ax2 = 0.849 + 1.46(0.5 + 0.740)2 = 3.094 in.4
ry y = I o o 3.094 = = 1.456 in. A 1.46

lz = 15 in. (TC Fillers); lx = 30 in.; ly-y = 60 in. (l/r)z = 15/0.489 = 30.67 (l/r)x = 30/0.761 = 39.42 (l/r)y-y = 60/1.456 = 41.21

Governs 90

35 of 60

Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy

6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 41.21 use,

QFy F 2E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 168,536 psi
1.0 ( 50 , 000 Fcr = Fn = 1.00.658 168,536 50,000 = 44,161 psi

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6( 44,161) = 26,497 psi

Required Stress: f= 73,533 lb = 25,183 psi 2(1.46 in 2 )

f 0.6Fn Trial Section Axial Stress is OK.

36 of 60

CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY OF CHORD MEMBERS

3
POSSIBLE SHEAR FAILURE PLANE

Figure 2. Possible Shear Failure Locations

b t

V T or C

Figure 3. Forces on Critical Section

37 of 60

CHECK BOTTOM CHORD AT PANEL POINT 3:

V = Shear force across chord section, kips T = Tension force in the chord section, kips C = Compression force in the chord section, kips A = Chord area, in.2 EDL = 2.335 ft = 28.02 in. VAR = 2.500 ft = 30.00 in. PNL = 5.000 ft = 60.00 in. d = 40-2(0.740) = 38.52 in. b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 3P = 3 x 8.0 = 24.0 kips T = V/(d/EDL) = 24.0/(38.52/28.02) = 17.5 kips A = 2.93 in.2 Required Stress: Shear Tensile fv = V / (2*t*b) = 24 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 15.36 ksi ft = T / A = 17.5 / 2.93 = 5.97 ksi

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction ( v = 1.5)

0.6 Fy / v 1 2 f t + 4f v
2 2

20 ksi 15.65 ksiOK

CHECK TOP CHORD AT PANEL POINT 4:

b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 3P = 3 x 8.0 = 24.0 kips C = 3P(EDL+VAR)/d = 36.15 kips A = 2.93 in.2 Required Stress: Shear fv = V / (2*t*b) = 24.0 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 15.36 ksi fc = C / A = 36.15 / 2.93 = 12.34 ksi

Compressive

38 of 60

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction ( v = 1.5)

0.6 Fy / v 1 2 f c + 4f v
2 2

20 ksi 15.55 ksiOK

CHECK BOTTOM CHORD AT PANEL POINT 6:

d = 40-2(0.740) = 38.52 in. b = 2.5 in. t = 0.3125 in. V = 2P = 2 x 8.0 = 16.0 kips T = [3P(EDL+VAR+1/2 PNL) P(1/2 PNL)]/d = 48.61 kips A = 2.93 in.2 Required Stress: Shear Tensile fv = V / (2*t*b) = 16.0 / (2*0.3125*2.5) = 10.24 ksi ft = T / A = 48.61 / 2.93 = 16.59 ksi

Shear and Axial Stress Interaction ( v = 1.5)

0.6Fy / v 1 2 f c + 4f v
2 2

20 ksi 13.18 ksiOK

BY INSPECTION, SHEAR CAPACITY AT PANEL POINTS 7, 9, 10, AND 12 DOES NOT GOVERN DESIGN.
CHECK THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE OUTSTANDING LEG OF THE COMPRESSION CHORD OF THE JOIST GIRDER UNDER THE REACTION OF THE JOIST BEARING ON IT (Galambos, 2000).

39 of 60

BEARING SEAT OF STEEL JOIST

WEB DIAGONAL OUSTANDING LEG OF JOIST GIRDER TOP CHORD

Figure 4. Joist Bearing on Joist Girder Panel Point

TC = 2L 2 x 2 x 5/16 t = 0.3125 in. b = 2.5 in. Q = 1.0 K-distance = 0.625 in. P = 8,000 lb
f TC = 73,533 lb = 25,183 psi 2(1.46 in 2 )

Width of joist bearing seat: g = 5.0 in. The allowable reaction is the lesser of: f 0.6Pp and 0.6Pp 1.6 TC 0.6QFy

Pp =

2(b K )

t 2 Fy

[g + 5.66(b K )]

40 of 60

0.31252 50 [5 + 5.66(2.5 0.625)] = 20.33 kips Pp = 2(2.5 0.625) 0.6Pp = 12.20 kips f 25.183 0.6Pp 1.6 TC = 12.201.6 = 9.28 kips 0.6QFy 0.6 1.0 50 The controlling value is 9.28 kips. The required reaction is of the joist girder panel point load of 8.0 kips.
4.0 kips < 9.28 kips Therefore, the top chord angle is OK. Check Span/ry-y 575:

34.67 12 = 286 575 OK 1.456

Check Bottom Chord Braces:

l/ry-y 240 lmax = 240(ry-y) = 240(1.456)/12 lmax = 29.12 ft. USE ONE BC BRACE NEAR MIDSPAN

Calculate Chord/Web Forces: TOP CHORD: BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-2; 2-4; 19-20; 20-22:

FTC =

M 3 [3P( 2.335)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 17,458 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-5; 5-7; 16-17; 17-19:

FTC =

M 6 [3P(7.335)(12) P( 2.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 48,611lb 41 of 60

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-8; 8-10; 13-14; 14-16:

FTC =

M 9 [3P(12.335)(12) P( 2.5 + 7.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 67,302 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-11; 11-13:

FTC =

M 12 [3P(17.335)(12) P( 2.5 + 7.5 + 12.5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = 73,533 lb

BOTTOM CHORD: BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-6; 18-21:

FBC =

M 4 [3P( 4.835)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = +36,150 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-9; 15-18:

FBC =

M 7 [3P(9.835)(12) P(5)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = +61,072 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-12; 12-15:

FBC =

M 10 [3P(14.835)(12) P(5 + 10)(12)]1,000 = d 38.52 = +73,533 lb

WEB MEMBER FORCES:

MIN SHEAR = 0.25(3.5P) = 7,000 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21: (VERTICALS)

FVERT = 2% (MAX CHORD FORCE) = 0.02(73,533) = 1,471 lb 42 of 60

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-3; 22-21: V = 3P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 3(8)(1.237)(1,000) = +29,688 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-4; 21-19: V = 3P FWEB = V(CSC ) = 3(8.0)(1.267)(1,000)

= 30,408 lb
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-6; 19-18: V = 2P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 2(8.0)(1.267)(1,000) = + 20,272 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-7; 18-16: V = 2P

FWEB = V(CSC ) = 2(8.0)(1.267)(1,000) = 20,272 lb

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-9; 16-15: V=P FWEB = V(CSC ) = (8.0)(1.267)(1,000)

= +10,136 lb
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-10; 15-13: V=P FWEB = V(CSC ) = (8.0)(1.267)(1,000)

= 10,136 lb
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-12; 13-12:

V = 0.25(3.5)P MIN SHEAR FWEB = V(CSC ) = 0.25(3.5)(8.0)(1.267)(1,000) = +8,869 lb

43 of 60

FORCE ANALYSIS SUMMARY:

TOP CHORD FORCES (lb) 1-2; 2-4 -17,458 4-5; 5-7 -48,611 7-8; 8-10 -67,302 10-11; 11-13 -73,533 13-14; 14-16 -67,302 16-17; 17-19 -48,611 19-20; 20-22 -17,458

BOTTOM CHORD FORCES (lb) 3-6 +36,150 6-9 +61,072 9-12 +73,533 12-15 +73,533 15-18 +61,072 18-21 +36,150 -----

WEB MEMBER 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21 1-3; 22-21 3-4; 21-19 4-6; 19-18 6-7; 18-16 7-9; 16-15 9-10; 15-13 10-12; 13-12

FORCES (lb) REQD COMP FORCE (lb)* -1,471 --+29,688 -30,408 +20,272 -20,272 +10,136 -10,136 +8,869 -7,422 ---5,068 ---2,534 ---2,217

*SJI Specification 1003.4 (b)

44 of 60

DESIGN WEB MEMBERS:

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 2-3; 5-6; 8-9; 11-12; 14-15; 17-18; 20-21: (VERTICALS)

TRY L 1 x 1 x 1/8 (crimped ends) l = 38.52 in.; rz = 0.246 in.; A = 0.297 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -1,471 lb f = -1,471/0.297 = -4,953 psi (l/r)z = 38.52/0.246 = 156.59 200 Check critical stress:
4.71 E
6 = 4.71 29x10

QFy

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 156.59 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 11,673 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(11,673) = 10,237 psi

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(10,237) = 6,142 psi > f

OK use L 1 x 1 x 1/8

Weld:

1,471 = 0.8 in. 928(2)

Use 2 of 1/8 weld each end of angle (1 min. each leg of each end)

45 of 60

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 1-3; 22-21: (End Diagonal)

Design for tension: A req 'd = Force 29,712 = = 0.990 in.2 0.6Fn 0.6(50,000)

Try 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 47.63 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A2L = 1.054 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 47.63/0.293 = 162.56 (no fillers) 240 Check compression: Force = -7,422 lb f = -7,422/1.054 = 7,042 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E
6 = 4.71 29x10

QFy

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 162.56 use,

2 E Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 10,831 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,831) = 9,499 psi

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(9,499) = 5,699 psi < f

NG Try with 1 filler.

(l/r)x = 47.63/0.457 = 104.22 (One filler at mid-length)

46 of 60

Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy

6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 104.22 use,

QFy F 2E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 26,351 psi Fcr = Fn = 22,597 psi Allowable Stress:

0.6Fn = 0.6(22,597) = 13,558 psi > f

Use 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 w/ filler

Weld:

29,688 = 10.7 in. 928(3)

Use 5 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 3-4; 21-19: (First Primary Compression Web)

Try 2L 2 x 2 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.394 in.; rx = 0.617 in.; A2L = 1.430 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -30,408 lb f = -30,408/1.430 = 21,264 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.617 = 79.12 200 (One filler at mid-length)

47 of 60

Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy

6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 79.12 use,

QFy F 2E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 45,722 psi Fcr = Fn = 31,636 psi Allowable Stress:

0.6Fn = 0.6(31,636) = 18,982 psi < f

N.G.

Try 2L 2 x 2 x 1/4 w/ filler l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.391 in.; rx = 0.609 in.; A2L = 1.876 in.2; Q = 1.0 Force = -30,408lb f = -30,408/1.876 = 16,209 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.609 = 80.16 (One filler at mid-length) 200 Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.4 > 80.16 use,

QFy F 2 E Fcr = Q 0.658 e Fy where, Fe = 2 l r

( )

Fe = 44,543 psi Fcr = Fn = 31,256 psi

48 of 60

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(31,256) = 18,754 psi > f

OK Use 2L 2 x 2 x 1/4 w/ filler

Weld:

30,408 = 10.9 in. 928(3)

Use 5 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 4-6; 19-18:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 20,272 = = 0.676 in.2 0.6Fy 0.6(50,000)

Try 1L 2 x 2 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.394 in.; rx = 0.617 in.; A = 0.715 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.394 = 123.91 240 (no fillers) Check compression: Force = -5,068 lb f = -5,068/0.715 = 7,088 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 123.91 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 18,642 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(18,642) = 16,349 psi

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Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(16,349) = 9,809 psi >f

OK

20,272 = 7.3 in. 928(3) Use 7 1/2 of 3/16 weld each end of angle (3 3/4 min. each leg of each end) Weld:
BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 6-7; 18-16:

Try 2L 2 x 2 x 0.163 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.396 in.; rx = 0.621 in.; A = 1.25 in.2; Q = .952 Force = -20,272 lb f = -20,272/1.25 = 16,218 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.621 = 78.62 200 (One filler at mid-length) Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29x10

.952 50,000

= 116.26 > 78.62 use,

QFy 2 0.658 Fe Fy where, Fe = E Fcr = Q 2 l r

( )

Fe = 46,305 psi Fcr = Fn = 30,956 psi Allowable Stress:

0.6Fn = 0.6(30,956) = 18,574 psi > f

OK

Weld:

20,272 = 10.9 in. 928(2)

Use 5 1/2 of 1/8 weld each end of each angle 50 of 60

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 7-9; 16-15:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 10,136 = = 0.338 in.2 0.6Fy 0.6(50,000)

Try 1L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A = 0.527 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.293 = 166.62 240 Check compression: Force = -2,534 lb f = -2,534/0.527 = 4,808 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 166.62 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 10,310 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,310) = 9,042 psi

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(9,042) = 5,425 psi >f

OK

Weld:

10,136 = 3.6 in. 928(3)

Use 4 of 3/16 weld each end of angle (2 min. each leg of each end)

51 of 60

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 9-10; 15-13:

Try 2L 1 x 1 x 3/16 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.293 in.; rx = 0.457 in.; A = 1.054 in.2; Q = 1.0; Force = -10,136 lb f = -10,136/1.054 = 9,617 psi (l/r)x = 48.82/0.457 = 106.83 (One filler at mid-length) 200 Check critical stress: 4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29 x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 > 106.83 use,

QFy 2 0.658 Fe Fy where, Fe = E Fcr = Q 2 l r

( )

Fe = 25,079 psi Fcr = Fn = 21,705 psi Allowable Stress:

0.6Fn = 0.6(21,705) = 13,023 psi > f

OK

Weld:

10,136 = 3.6 in. 928(3)

Use 2 of 3/16 weld each end of each angle

BETWEEN PANEL POINTS 10-12; 13-12:

Design for tension:

A req 'd = Force 8,869 = = 0.296 in.2 0.6Fy 0.6(50,000)

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Try 1L 1 x 1 x 5/32 l = 48.82 in.; rz = 0.295 in.; rx = 0.461 in.; A = 0.444 in.2; Q = 1.0 (l/r)z = 48.82/0.295 = 165.49 240 Check compression: Force = -2,217 lb f = -2,217/0.444 = 4,993 psi Check critical stress:
4.71 E QFy
6 = 4.71 29x10

1.0 50,000

= 113.43 165.49 use,

Fcr = 0.877 Fe where, Fe =

( )

2 E 2 l r

Fe = 10,451 psi Fcr = Fn = 0.877(10,451) = 9,166 psi

Allowable Stress:
0.6Fn = 0.6(9,166) = 5,499 psi >f

OK

Weld:

8,869 = 4.8 in. 928(2)

Use 5 of 1/8 weld each end of angle (2 1/2 min. each leg of each end)

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The design submittal shall provide details to demonstrate how the required weld length will be applied, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 below.

TOP CHORD WEB 1-3

WEB 2-3 WEB 3-4

WEB 1-3

BOTTOM CHORD

Figure 5. Welding of Web Members (For illustrative purposes only; all joist connections must be shown)

CHORD

1" MIN WELD LENGTH

CHORD
Figure 6. Section A A

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DEFLECTION CHECK

LJG = 35 (34.67 working length); Assume joists are 40 long. Live Load = 25 psf; 25 x 40 = 1.0 kip/ft LL Deflection at 1/360 of working length= 34.67 x 12 / 360 = 1.16 I JG AT AB d2 = IT + IB + AT + AB

IT = 0.849 in.4 IB = 0.849 in.4 AT = 2.93 in.2 AB = 2.93 in.2 d = 38.52 in. IJG = 2,177 in.4 1 4 1.15(5) (34.67 12) 1.15(5)(W ) L 12 DEFLECTION = = 384 EI JG 384 29,000 2,177

( )
4

DEFLECTION = 0.59 in. < 1.16 in. OK

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TOP CHORD FILLERS: (if needed)

Check for required weld length Given: Fexx w Fnw Lw P Dw Fnweld/w fweld P fweld Lw E70XX Electrodes Angle type filler (3/16 Material) Assume 3/16 in. fillet weld = 70,000 psi = 2.0 = 0.6 Fexx = required length of weld, in. = chord force, lb = weld size, in. = weld allowable stress = 21,000 psi = required force of weld in shear = 2% of P = 73,533 lb = 73,533 x 0.02 = 1,471 lb f weld 1.414 1,471 = 2 = = 0.527 in. (Fnweld / w ) D w 21,000 0.188

Use 2 3/16 welds 3/4 long (one weld on each chord angle)* * NOTE: Minimum allowable weld length is four times the weld thickness. Weld length for web fillers and/or ties must be calculated using same procedure.

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3.3

REFERENCES

Galambos, T.V. (2000) Joists Bearing on Joist Girders: The Performance and Design Checking of the Chord-Angle Legs in Joist Girders, Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, Structural Engineering Section Report No.1, January 1983, Revised January, 2000.

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SECTION 4 PRESENTATION OF ENGINEERING DATA

The preceding examples are intended to illustrate the methods of calculating and presenting the final design information for an SJI design check. For purposes of clarity, typical Joist Girders have been shown throughout. Joist Girder configurations differ and a literal interpretation of the design procedures and final presentation must be supplemented by the realization that the end result is to be a complete description of the Joist Girder, in terms of geometry and strength. Hence, all tables and drawings submitted for approval must represent the Joist Girder of the applicant, which might be comprised of cold-formed sections, hot rolled angles top and bottom, have variations in web systems, or be of some basic configuration other than the modified Warren truss system. For example, if the 40G7N8K Joist Girder chosen herein had a structural tee for the bottom chord instead of angles, all tables and drawings submitted would have to reflect the particular situation of the applicants design. Submittal for the Steel Joist Institute approval must contain the following information for the use of the Consulting Engineer in checking, as well as for the files in the SJI headquarters and Consulting Engineers office: A) A table of all relevant cross-sectional properties of sections to be used for chords and webs, a drawing with all relevant information concerning the geometric configuration (e.g. panel spacing and panel configuration, truss type, etc.) and a table giving such information as: distance between chord angles, weld size (as they relate to angle thickness), electrode grade, weld configuration details, and details of the web-to-chord joint. A description of the logic used in preparing the design program, and a detailed listing of the design program annotated with appropriate comments to indicate where each of the relevant requirements of the Standard Specification are complied with. Comments relating to the structural analysis, to the scheme of iterating to the final selection of members and to the assumptions used, shall be provided. As a minimum, an ASD design for each of the following K designations and lengths, and an LRFD design for each of the following F designations and lengths: 40G6N12K 40 ft. 40G6N18F 40 ft. 40G7N12K 40 ft. 40G7N18F 40 ft. 40G8N12K 40 ft. 40G8N18F 40 ft. 40G4N56K 35 ft. 40G4N84F 35 ft. 84G16N12K 80 ft. 84G16N18F 80 ft. 58 of 60

B)

C)

Additional designs may be requested by the Consulting Engineer, or may be required if the above listed designations do not reflect all typical geometric configurations or types of construction. Welding data must be included. This information may be presented in the form of tables or a computer printout. The format for presenting the design data must be properly labeled and sufficiently detailed so that all relevant checking steps can be readily identified and verified by manual calculation. D) A complete design example of the above Joist Girder illustrating in detail the methods or procedures and logic used to arrive at the figures presented in the tables or on the computer printout. A statement that the design program was prepared in accordance with the SJI Standard Specifications of latest adoption by a registered professional engineer or by a person under the close supervision of a registered professional engineer. The signature and seal of this professional engineer must be included with the design submittal.

E)

The Consulting Engineer of the Steel Joist Institute will verify that the Joist Girder design scheme submitted will produce designs which fulfill all requirements of the SJI Standard Specifications, and this will be stated in the recommendation for approval. In order to expedite the approval process it is desirable to arrange for a personal interview between the Consulting Engineer and the professional engineer preparing the design program. The member company will be responsible for updating their designs in accordance with specification changes. The revised design must be approved within eighteen months, or as otherwise specified by the Board of Directors, or written notification from the Managing Director of the required change. The Steel Joist Institute retains the right to require any member company with a design to submit a complete design of any Joist Girder designation at any time. This design may be for any increment of span between the limits shown in the applicable Design Guide Weight Table for Joist Girders. The design information must be available to the SJI headquarters within 24 hours after notification is received by the member company concerned.

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Notes Regarding Presentation of Data

1.

A Chord Properties Table must be submitted with the design data. For nonstandard shapes such as cold-formed sections, not only must the geometric properties be shown, but also all dimensions necessary to describe the sections. All dimensions such as the radii of bends, the distance from the end of the joist to the center of the bend of the end bar, E0, and others, must be clearly indicated. The clearances from the outside surface of the chords to the back of the web bend must be indicated for all joists. Wherever the framing of a joint is too complex to be clearly defined, large scale drawings must be submitted. An example calculation for the design of a joist girder must accompany the design submittal. The specific joist girder designation will be chosen by the SJI Consulting Engineer.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Computer Format Presentation Summary

The following shall be submitted: 1. A description of the program 2. Example printouts of one design length in both LRFD and ASD for each designation: a. Member sizes and properties b. Dimensions c. Required force (Fu) and allowable force (Fa) for each member if it is a LRFD or ASD design, respectively d. Check for bottom chord braces e. Joint eccentricities f. Combined stress check g. Deflection check h. Filler Table 3. Properly dimensioned drawings of Joist Girder configurations, end details and accessories 4. Cover letter affixed with P.E. Stamp

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