A.

CIRCUIT BREAKER Is a device : - to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means - to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overload of current or during faults without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating. - When the transformer primary reference current is equal or greater than 45 amperes or when there is more than one transformer in a substation, the protection will be by a power circuit breaker........................IEC

I. Capacity for medium Voltage EMBED Word.Picture.8

II. Capacity for High Voltage III. Capacity for Extra High Voltage

B. BREAKER RATINGS 1. Voltage Rating (Rated Maximum Voltage)

* the highest rms(root mean square) voltage, above nominal system voltage, for which the circuit breaker is designed, and is the upper limit of operation. * 15 kV, 72.5 kV, 145 kV, 245 kV 2.Continuous Current Rating (Rated Continuous Current) * Rated Continuous Current * the designated limit of current in rms amperes at rated frequency w/c it shall be required to carry continuously without exceeding any of the limitations/conditions in a specified ambient temperature. * Ambient temp. from -30 deg. C to 40 deg. C * Altitude is not above 3300 ft (1000m) 3.KAIC Rating (Rated Short Circuit Current, K=1) * Kilo-Ampere Interrupting Capacity (KAIC) * the maximum amount of symmetrical current that the breaker can safely interrupt at rated maximum voltage -without injuring or damaging itself. * KAIC = k X Rated Short-Circuit Current where: k = is the ratio of rated maximum voltage to the lower limit of the range of operating voltage. = Vmax / Vmin Modern Circuit Breakers, k = 1.0 KAIC = k X Rated Short Circuit Current = Rated Short Circuit Current Old Circuit Breakers, k>1.0 Condition 1: If RMV > OV > (1/k) x RMV then, KAIC = Rated Isc x (Rated Maximum Voltage / Operating Voltage) Condition 2: If OV < (1/k) x RMV then, KAIC is limited to Rated Isc x k KAIC = Rated Isc x k Example: Consider an indoor oilless circuit breaker having a rated short-circuit current of 37,000 A at rated maximum voltage of 15kV and K = 1.30. What is the symmetrical interrupting capability at an operating voltage at a.)13.2 kV? b.)11.5 kV? C. BREAKER SIZING E/X Simplified Method

- E/X simplified procedure result may be compared with 100% of the circuit breaker KAIC rating where X/R < 15 (X1/R1 for 3-phase faults) ((2X1 + Xo)/(2R1 + Ro) for SLG-faults) - If X/R is unknown, the E/X does not exceed 80% of the KAIC rating of the breaker. - For SLG Faults, where it is greater than the 3-Phase Faults or Xo less than X1

I. SAMPLE PROBLEM
A SUBSTATION

1. Solve for the maximum fault duties at the 3-phase fault points. 2. Specify the Voltage Ratings, Continuous Current Ratings & KAIC Ratings of the circuit breakers. A. Gb Fault Current at position I ( Primary side )

B. Gb Fault Current at position II ( Secondary side )

C. Table of Capacity circuit breaker rating

D. Diagram of current Fault at Primary Unit Substation

E. Diagram Fault current at Point 1

F. Diagram Fault current at Point II

G. Table of capacity Circuit Breaker rating