-1Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Humanities, Law and Social Science Department of Politics and Philosophy

The Government and Politics of the European Union

Unit document 2010-2011 Level II unit
CATS rating: 20 Credits

CONTENTS
Programmes on Which the Unit is Taught Unit Leader, Tutors, and Contact Details Learning Outcomes Unit Content and Structure Unit Organisation Unit Assessment: component parts the examination essay/SUNYMEU report individual report submission of the assessed work Lecture Programme Seminar Topics and Essential Reading Autumn term Spring term Information Sources: 1. Recommended Purchases 2. Libraries (Including books in the shot loan collection) 3. Newspapers and Journals 4. EU Sources 5. Electronic Sources 6. General Texts 7 Reading on Specific Topics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. page 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 18

Please see the following documentation for students for general information: Submission dates/guidance on late submission/extensions: Faculty Schedule, which can be accessed at http: www.hlss.mmu.ac.uk/support/acw-schedule/ Plagiarism/definition and penalties: Faculty Guidelines Special Educational Needs: Programme Handbook Study skills information including essays and group presentations: Politics Study Skills Guide Faculty marking/assessment criteria: Programme Guide/Handbook and Faculty/University regulations

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Programmes on Which the Unit is Taught

BA/BSc Combined Honours BA Public Policy and Politics BA Politics year II year II year II

Unit Leader, Tutors, and Contact Details Unit Leader and Lecturer: Professor Neill Nugent Class Tutor; Marius Guderjan
Note, if it becomes necessary to seek individual guidance about an aspect of the course, the person to contact will normally be your class tutor. If contacting your tutor by email, you must do so via properly written email letters: emails that use text language or make little effort to be properly constructed or spelt will not receive a response.

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Learning Outcomes
This unit will provide lectures, seminars, an assessed work programme, and an end of unit examination in order to achieve the following:

The development of a range of transferable attributes and skills. Foremost amongst these attributes and skills are: thinking, speaking, and writing in a logical and structured manner assembling relevant information in response to specified tasks, queries and problems analysing issues and questions working as part of a team working independently They will be assessed by means of classwork (group presentation with individual report), essay or report on the SUNYMEU experience, and examination

An understanding of the development, nature, functioning, and activities of the European Union (EU). This will be assessed by means of classwork (group presentation with individual report), essay or report on the SUNYMEU experience, and examination

Increased understanding of politics that has been acquired in units in previous years. In particular, this will involve examining a political system which is of increasing political, economic and social importance in Europe, and which is in many respects unique, e.g. in its mixed intergovernmental/ supranational character, in the nature of its political actors, in the powers of its political institutions, and in its policy responsibilities. This will be assessed by means of classwork (group presentation with individual report), essay or report on the SUNYMEU experience, and examination

Unit Content and Structure

The relationships between the states of Europe have been transformed since World War II. States that were previously at best suspicious of, and at worst deeply hostile towards, one another, are now co-operating and integrating on many fronts. The European Union is at the heart of these transformed relationships. Although by no means the only inter-state European grouping, it is by far the most important. The twenty-seven member states of the Union have ceded some of their sovereignty to central institutions. In many key decision making areas such as external trade policy, competition policy and agricultural policy they are no longer individually free to do as

-4they wish. Such is the range of European Union policy interests and involvement that there are now few policy areas remaining firmly and completely in national hands. The structure of the course is as follows: 1 2 3 4 Creating the new Europe Institutions and political actors of the EU Governing the EU Shaping the EU Autumn Term Autumn Term Spring Term Spring Term

Running throughout the course are a number of central themes: the momentous nature of the post-1945 changes in Europe; the intergovernmental/supranational character of the Union; the recurring problems of widening and deepening; the immense impact of the Union on member states; the increased pace of integration since the mid-1980s; and the challenges and problems for the Union today. Students should note that the various components of this unit fit together in all sorts of interconnected ways. It is not a unit from which bits can be missed. For example, it is not possible to understand the powers of the European Commission without also understanding the powers of the European Council, the Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. This interconnected nature of the unit components should be understood from the outset: if it is not, students who miss or skip significant sections of the unit will be in difficulties and will fail to perform well.

Unit Organisation
There is one lecture per week. The main purposes of the lecture are:

to provide the overall structure of the course to introduce the substantive course material to explore and explain particularly difficult aspects of the course material to demonstrate how current developments and issues relate to general course themes.

There is also one seminar per week for each student. The main purposes of the seminars are:

to promote individual and group understanding of the course material to enable students to acquire a confidence with the course material by thinking and talking about course themes and issues to provide an opportunity for problems and difficulties with aspects of the course material to be raised and discussed.

As part of the seminar work, all students will be required to participate in the preparation of a group project that they will present in class.

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Unit Assessment The component parts of the unit assessment

This unit will be assessed in accordance with the 25:25:50 ratio. There are therefore three component elements to the assessment of this course:

1.

A two hour unseen examination will account for 50 per cent of the total assessment. An essay or report will account for 25 per cent of the total course assessment. Essay titles must be taken from the list of essay titles below and should be in the region of 1500 words in length. The essay may be substituted by a 1500 word report on the SUNYMEU experience. An individual report accounting for 25 per cent of the total assessment. The report should be in the region of 1500 words in length.

2.

3.

1.
Length Format Number of questions to be answered General

The examination (50 per cent)

The examination will last for two hours. The examination paper will have no sections. Students will be required to select two questions from a choice of eight questions. The questions will reflect the material covered in lectures and seminars. Students should take care to follow the rubric closely, and to pace themselves when providing their answers.

2.

The essay or SUNYMEU report (25 per cent)

Students must either write either an essay or a report on the SUNYMEU experience. a) Essay Essay titles must be taken from the list of essay titles below. They should be in the region of 1500 words in length. Whilst preparing the essay, be sure to consult the Politics Study Skills guide for advice. 1. European integration has always been more of an economic project than a political project. Discuss. Why did only six countries become members of the European Communities in the 1950s?

2.

3.

-6The Lisbon Treaty is likely to be the last of the European Unions major reforming treaties. Discuss. Distinguish between the powers of the European Council and the Council of Ministers. The European Parliament is now an extremely strong and very influential European Union institution. Explain, with reference to the powers of the EP. Is the EU a federal political system? The EU does not need to be as democratic as its member states because it does not have as many policy powers as the member states. Discuss. Can the member states control the EU? What are the principal policy challenges facing the UK Government in the EU?

4.

5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

b) SUNYMEU report SUNYMEU is the acronym for the State University of New York (SUNY) Model European Union. Students will be entitled to take part in SUNYMEU and may if they wish substitute a report based upon preparing for and participating in SUNYMEU for the essay. SUNYMEU is a simulation of EU policy-making that brings together European and American students. Students are grouped into country teams France, Germany, Poland, the UK etc and are assigned positions in their teams Prime Minister, Foreign Minister etc. The simulation is focused on teams trying to reach agreements on key issues facing the EU. The SUNYMEU website is at: www.ieuss-suny.org Preparation for SUNYMEU is undertaken both at MMU and via the web. The simulation itself is to be held from 14-16 April 2011 at the SUNY New Paltz campus. New Paltz is a one hours train journey from New York City. The simulation will be of a European Council meeting. Possible agenda items for the meeting include the future membership of the European currency, if and how the EU should strengthen its security and defence policies, and whether Turkey should be allowed to join the EU. The costs will be: a) your travel to New Paltz; 2) SUNYMEU registration (which includes most meals): about 90; 3) accommodation: about 35-40 per night (based on sharing a double room). Students may, if they wish, participate in SUNYMEU without using it as the basis for formal assessment. If it is used, the assessment must take the form of a report of around 1500 words. The report should describe and analyse the roles of your team and your alter ego in the simulation and account for the extent to which the goals were and were not achieved.

What is SUNYMEU?

When and where will it be held? What will it be about? What will it cost? What is the nature of the assessment?

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3.

The individual report (25 per cent)

All students will be assigned at the beginning of the course to a small group consisting of no more than three students. Each group will be required to give an oral in-class presentation, in either term one or two, on one of the seminar topics. The presentation should take about 30 minutes to deliver. Use of visuals including powerpoint and OHPs is encouraged. It would be useful if hard copies of these could be made available. The group presentations should:

explain how the group members organised their work explain how sources were sought and give an account of which proved to be the most valuable and why provide a summary of the main findings of the topic under examination

Note, the group presentations should be genuine group presentations, and not cobbled together individual presentations. In other words, they must not consist of individual group members merely reading out individual reports. In giving their presentations, groups should avoid reading verbatim from a preprepared script. The manner in which a presentation is to be delivered should be discussed by each group to ensure the delivery is lively and interesting. On the basis of their groups presentation, students must then write an individual report. The individual report must be about 1500 words in length, not including the bibliography/references. It should be different in character from essays in that it should be written in report form: that is, it should use, as appropriate, side headings, lists of numbered points, bullet points, and tightly written introductions and conclusions. The individual report should cover the following: i. ii. iii. iv. Explain how the group organised and undertook its work (about 200 words). Identify what sources were used and give a brief review of the strengths and weaknesses of each source (about 300 words). Summarise the key points raised by the question/issue under consideration (about 800 words). Address points that were raised in the class by other class members and by the unit tutor (about 200 words).

To obtain assessment marks for the individual report, students are required to both participate in the in-class group presentation (unless excused by the class tutor following the submission of medical/personal evidence) and submit the individual report. In a group where the majority of members feel that an individual member has not adequately assisted with the preparation for example, by not turning up to preparatory group meetings or submitting any draft work the rest of the group

-8should see (in good time) the class tutor who will investigate and consider whether a mark reduction for the individual report should apply to the student(s) in question. The class tutor should also be alerted as soon as possible if there are any other problems in the group. Two key points about the individual reports: 1) Any group member who is not present for his/her group oral presentation will automatically be awarded 0% for his/her individual report unless compelling reasons/evidence for non-attendance are provided. 2) Individual report means that reports must be written individually, and not by groups collectively. Should individual reports be submitted that clearly have been written collaboratively, they will be deemed to be unsatisfactory.

Submission of the assessed work

Essays and individual reports must be submitted to the Coursework Receipting Office. All students must submit one piece of coursework in the first term and one in the second term. Those students who deliver their group presentations on or before December 1 must submit their individual reports as their term 1 piece of assessed coursework. In addition to their name and the name of the course, it is essential that students write at the top of the first page of this first piece of coursework: Assignment 1 individual report. Those students who deliver their group presentations after December 2 must submit their essay as their term 1 piece of assessed coursework. In addition to their name and the name of the course, it is essential that students write at the top of the first page of this first piece of coursework: Assignment 1 assessed essay. Naturally, these positions of the two groups of students will be reversed for the second piece of coursework Dates for the submission of the two pieces of coursework are set out in the Faculty Schedule. The date for the first assignment will be in early December and that for the second assignment will probably be in March.

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Lecture Programme A.
1. 2. 3/4

Creating the new Europe

Cooperation and integration in the early post-war years. The development of organisational frameworks. The development of the EU: from 1958-2010

B.
5 6 7 8 9 10

Institutions and Political Actors

The Commission The Council of Ministers The European Council The European Parliament The Court of Justice and EU Law Interests and lobbying

C.
11 12 13 14

Governing the EU
The Political system of the EU (1) The Political system of the EU (2) Conceptualising the EU The EU, legitimacy and democracy

D.
15 16 17 18 19 20

Shaping the European Union

The impact of the EU on its member states The impact of member states on the EU Britain in the EU (1) Britain in the EU (2) Potential futures for the EU Overview and conclusion

NB: the weeks commencing 1 November 2010 and 14 February 2011 have been designated as Study Skills weeks for second year students. Therefore, there will be no lecture or classes in this unit during these weeks.

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Seminar Topics and Essential Reading

Essential reading follows each seminar topic. Each student should read, and make notes on, the required sources before the relevant seminar. Note, however, that the essential reading will not in itself be sufficient for high marks for essays, reports or examination answers. For these purposes, extensive reading lists on each topic are provided later in this course document.

Autumn Term
The European Union - establishing some basic facts. Were political factors or economic factors the more important in stimulating 2. Western European integration in the period 1945-57? Essential Reading: Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapters 1-3 or Dinan, D (2004) Europe Recast (Basingstoke; Palgrave Macmillan), Chapters 1 and 2 Why were so many intergovernmental organisations proposed and established 3. in Western Europe in the post-war years? Did they, and do they still, duplicate one another in their functions? Essential Reading Dinan, D. (2004) Europe Recast (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) Chapter 1 and Nugent, N (2010) Government and Politics of the European Union (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 1 What were the principal aims of the Treaty of Rome (EEC)? Did it have an 4. ideology? Essential Reading Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 2 and Dinan, D (2004) Europe Recast (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) Chapter 2 Compare and contrast the principal features of the reforms that have been 5. made to the EUs treaties since the Treaty of Rome. Assess their significance to the development of European integration. Essential Reading Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapters 5 and 6 or Dinan, D (2004) Europe Recast (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) Chapters 6 and 7. 6. Does the EU need a constitution? 1.

-11Essential Reading: Church, C. and Phinemore, D. (2009), From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 4 plus Kurpas, S (2008) The Treaty of Lisbon How Much Constitution is Left? , available at <http://www.ceps.eu> Nugent, N (2010) Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 6 The engine of the European Union. Is this an accurate description of the 7. Commission? Essential Reading Egeberg, M (2010): The European Commission in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 8. and Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 8. Explain the roles of, and the relationship between, the European Council and 8. the Council of Ministers. Essential Reading: Hayes-Renshaw, F and Wallace, H (2006): The Council of Ministers 2nd edition (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Chapter 6 plus Lewis, J. (2010): The Council of the European Union in Cini, M. and PerezSolorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 9. and or Nugent, N (2006): Government and Politics of the European Union (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapters 10 and 11 Describe and account for the role and powers of the European Parliament. How 9. might the Parliament be reformed so as to make it a more powerful political force? Essential Reading: Scully, R (2010) The European Parliament, in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 10. and Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 11 The Court of Justice is a political institution as much as it is a legal institution. 10. Discuss Essential Reading: Kapsis, I (2010) The Courts of the European Union in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 11. and Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 11.

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Spring Term
11. Introducing the Spring Term work; recapping upon the Autumn Term 12. What do the main institutions of the EU contribute towards decision-making? Essential reading: Thomson, R. and Holsi, M. (2006) Who Has Power in the EU?, Journal of Common Market Studies 44:2 and Ginsberg, R,H (2007) Demystifying the European Union (London, Rowman & Littlefield), Chapter 5 13 What are the principal differences between the EUs main decision-making processes? Essential reading: Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 17. and Warleigh-Lack, A. and Dachenberg, R. (2010) Policy-Making in the European Union in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 13. 14. What sort of political organisation is the EU? Essential reading: Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Chapter 23. and Auer, A. (2005), The Constitutional Scheme of Federalism, Journal of European Public Policy, 12:3, pp. 419-31. or Kelemen, R.D. et al, Bringing Federalism Back In, in Jrgensen et al (2006) (eds.) Handbook of European Union Politics, (London: Sage) What are the sources of the legitimacy and democratic deficits in the EU and 15. what are the options for remedying them? Essential reading: Chryssochou, D. (2010 Europes Contested Democracy in Cini, M. and Perezrd Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3 edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 23 plus Horeth M (1999): No way out for the beast? The unsolved legitimacy problem of European governance, Journal of European Public Policy 6:2 or Zweifel, T (2002): Who is without sin cast the first stone: the EUs democratic deficit in comparison, Journal of European Public Policy 9:5 Membership of the EU has had a fundamental impact upon its member states 16. in both political and economic terms. Discuss

-13Essential reading: Boerzel, T. and Panke, D. (2010) Europeanization in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 25. plus Bulmer, S and Lequesne , C (2005): The Member States of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press), Part 3, especially Chapters 3 and 15 or Anderson, J (2002): Europeanization and the Transformation of the Democratic Polity, Journal of Common Market Studies 40:5 To what extent, and in what ways, can member states influence EU decision17. making? Nugent, N (2010): Government and Politics of the European Union 7th edn (Basingstoke, Palgrave), Chapter 15. and Bulmer, S and Lequesne , C (2005): The Member States of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press), Chapter 2 An awkward partner. Is this still an accurate description of Britains relations 18. with the EU? Essential reading Bache, I and Nugent N (2007) Europe in A. Seldon (ed.) Blairs Britain (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press) and Bulmer, S and Lequesne , C (2005): The Member States of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press), Chapter 6 In what ways has the UK lost sovereignty as result of its membership of the EU? 19. Are the costs of the loss outweighed by the benefits of EU membership? Essential reading: Bulmer, S and Lequesne , C (2005): The Member States of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press), Chapter 6 and Selected reading from the sources listed on page 26 of this course document. 20. In terms of how it functions, is the EU efficient? Essential reading: General course reading 21. Conclusions and revision

Information Sources
A very wide range of sources are available on the EU and students should familiarise themselves with them. Texts are fine for covering the basics, but they do not usually cover specialised topics in detail and they are certainly not fully up to date. Students who demonstrate a familiarity with different types of sources in their work are likely, other things being equal, to perform better than those who display no such familiarity.

1.

Recommended Purchases

The most useful text for this unit, covering most of the units topics, is:

-14Nugent, N. (2010), The Government and Politics of the European Union, 7th edition (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) It will be assumed that all students have permanent access to a copy of this book throughout the unit. There are copies in the Library, but demand is likely to be higher than supply.

The next most useful book is: Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano Borragan, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press).

Other books that cover much of the course content and are well worth purchasing are: Bache, I and George, S (2006), Politics in the European Union 2nd edition (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Bomberg, E. et al (2008), The European Union: How Does it Work?2nd edn, (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Cowles, M and Dinan, D (2004): Developments in the European Union (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Dinan, D (2005), Ever Closer Union 3rd edn, (Basingstoke, Macmillan) McCormick, J (2008), Understanding the European Union: A Concise Introduction, th 4 edn, Edition, (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Nelson, B and Stubb, A (eds) (2003), The European Union 3rd edition (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Peterson, J and Shackleton, M. (2006), The Institutions of the European Union 2nd edition (Oxford, OUP) Richardson, J. (2006), European Union Power and Policy-Making 3rd edition (Routledge)

2.

Libraries

In the University, most material on the EU is located in the All Saints Library. Note, however, that because of the multi-faceted of EU studies, the material is not all shelved in one place but is dispersed both across disciplines (especially politics, economics, history, and law) and within the discipline of politics (general, constitutions, political parties, policies etc.). In addition to the All Saints Library, there is also a significant collection of relevant EU material in the Aytoun Library (especially on the political economy of the EU). Some of the more important books for the course have been placed in the Short Loan Collection of the All Saints Library: Church, C. and Phinnemore, D. (2002), The Penguin Guide to the European Union Treaties (London: Penguin). Cini, M. (ed.) (2007), European Union Politics, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) Corbett, R et al (2005), The European Parliament 6th edn. (Harlow, Longman) Dinan, D (ed) (1998), Encyclopaedia of the European Union (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Dinan, D (2005), Ever Closer Union 3rd edn (Basingstoke, Macmillan)

-15European Union Consolidated Treaties, published by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Nugent, N. (2010), The Government and Politics of the European Union 7th edn. (Basingstoke, Palgrave).) Richardson, J. (ed) (2006), European Union: Power and Policy-Making 3rd edn (London, Routledge) Beyond MMUs own libraries three other libraries in Manchester are of considerable use. Manchester University Library (the John Rylands Library) and Salford University Library both contain European Documentation Centres (EDCs) and, accordingly, have large collections of EU publications. A more selective, but still very useful, collection of EU and EU-related material is to be found in the Manchester Central Reference Library (especially in the European Information Unit which is located on the ground floor).

3.

Newspapers and Journals

Quality newspapers provide good day-to-day coverage of developments in the EU. See particularly:

Financial Times Independent, Guardian and especially the weekly European Voice which is devoted exclusively to EU affairs.

All of these papers are taken by the All Saints Library. Many articles on the EU are published in academic journals. These offer a wealth of information and analysis. The most useful journals are: Journal of Common Market Studies European Union Politics Current Politics and Economics of Journal of European Public Policy Europe Journal of European Integration Students should familiarise themselves with these journals and check them on a regular basis. Other journals are also increasingly publishing articles on the EU. See especially: International Affairs European Journal of International Relations Government and Opposition Political Quarterly

An annual review, edited by U.Sedelmeier and A. R. Young, provides a comprehensive updating review of developments in the EU. It appears both as an annual edition of the Journal of Common Market Studies and as a self-standing book published by Blackwell. The latest edition, which was published in September 2010, is The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in 2009.

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4.

EU Sources

EU publications are a good source of information, and familiarisation with these will greatly enhance understanding of how the EU operates and what it does. See particularly:

Bulletin of the EU Official Journal of the EU (annual) General Report on the Activities of the EU pamphlets in the European Documentation series

These publications are all taken by Manchesters EDCs and are also accessible via the internet. Many other EU sources can also be accessed via the internet, as the next section explains.

5.

Electronic Sources

All of the following are recommended sites. There are many others that may be of use to you in your research. Note, however, that it is important to distinguish between those electronic sources that are appropriate for use in academic study and those that are not. Wikipedia is not. In case of doubt, consult your tutor. Use of unsuitable websites may reduce your marks in assessed coursework. An enormous amount of information on the EU is now available on the internet. The best starting point is the EUs own Europa website, which provides access to homepages covering all of the EUs institutions and policies:

http://europa.eu

You should spend time browsing Europa to familiarise yourself with the range of material on it. Particularly useful sites on Europa are worth bookmarking. For, example, the Bulletin, which provides a very useful monthly update of all EU activities is at:

http://europa.eu.int/abc/doc/off/bull/en/welcome/htm

Other useful websites include:

UK European Commission Office: http://www/cec.org.uk US European Commission Office: www.eurunion.org

A vast amount of information can be found at the following websites:

http://aei.pitt.edu http://fgr.wu-wien.ac.at/nentwich/euroint.htm http://www.europeanweek.org

The following sites provide access to useful on-line articles about the EU:

http://eiop.or.at/erpa http//www.euobserver.com

-17You can access many sources on the European Union via: http://sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/EuroStudies-cat/euu/alphalist.html (This is the Social Science Information Gateway SOSIG to the European Union) The following websites are useful gateways to EU Information:

http://library.kent.ac.uk/library/lawlinks/european.htm www.eiop.or.at/euroint

UACES website. The website of this academic professional association provides many useful links:

http://www.uaces.org

Network of European Centers website. This website for US research centres on the EU provides further useful links:

http://www.eucenters.org

6.

General Texts

In addition to the texts cited above under recommended purchases, several other general texts are also very useful for this course. Denza, E (2003), The Intergovernmental Pillars of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Erikson, E (2005), The European Union Polity (London, Routledge) Ginsberg, R,H (2007), Demystifying the European Union (London, Rowman & Littlefield) Hix, S (2005), The Political System of the European Union 2nd edition (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Peterson, J & Bomberg, E (1999), Decision-making in the European Union (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Salmon, T. and Nicoll, W (eds) (1997), Building European Union: A Documentary History and analysis (Manchester, Manchester University Press) Tsoukalis, L (2005), What Kind of Europe? (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Wallace, H, Pollack, M. and Young, A. R. (2010), Policy-making in the European Union 6th edition (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Note that some of these general texts have been placed the Short Loan Collection of the All Saints Library. Note also that many of the texts on EU/EC law - such as those cited below by Shaw, Lasok, Mathijsen, Hartley, and Charlesworth and Cullen - contain extensive sections on EU institutions and processes.

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7.

Reading on Specific Topics

Students must familiarise themselves with the contents of the texts that are cited in the recommended purchases and general texts sections above. These texts are usually good starting places for specific topics since most have separate sections or chapters on historical development, the treaties, the institutions, policies etc. References to the texts are not normally repeated in the following sections. In the sections below, particularly useful sources are highlighted in bold text.

Historical Development Arter, D (1993), The Politics of European Integration in the Twentieth Century (Aldershot, Dartmouth). Dinan, D. (2004), Europe Recast: A History of European Union (Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan). Dinan. D (2006), Origins and Evolution of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Dinan. D (2008), How Did We Get Here? in Bomberg, E et al (eds) The European Union: How Does it Work? (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Middlemas, K (1995), Orchestrating Europe: The Informal Politics of the European Union (London, Fontana) (especially Ch12 on the Schuman Plan). Milward, A (2000), The European Rescue of the Nation-State 2nd Edition (London, Routledge) Milward, A (1993), The Frontier Of National Sovereignty: History And Theory, 19451992 (London, Routledge) Review Article: European Integration and National Interests in Government & Opposition, Vol.29, No.1, 1994 (helpful discussion of Milwards work). Monnet, J (1978), Mmoires (English) (London (etc), Collins) Stirk, P M (1996), A History of European Integration since 1914 (London, Pinter) Stirk, P M and Weigall, D (eds) (1999), The Origins and Development of European Integration: A Reader and Commentary (London, Pinter) Urwin, D (1995), The Community of Europe: A History of European Integration Since 1945 2nd Edition (London, Longman) Wilson, K. and van der Dussen, J (1995), The History of the Idea of Europe (Milton Keynes, Open University)

The Treaties a) The Texts The most comprehensive and best introduction to the treaties is: Church, C. H. and Phinnemore, D. (2002), The Penguin Guide to the European Treaties: From Rome to Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Beyond (London: Penguin) The Treaties themselves are all available in electronic form on the Europa website. They are also available in the following forms:

-19Sweet & Maxwell (1992), The Treaty of Rome Consolidated and the Treaty of Maastricht (London, Sweet and Maxwell) European Commission (1992), The Treaty on European Union The Official Journal of the European Communities, Vol.35 C224 (31 August 1992) contains the post Maastricht TEU, together with the complete text of the EC Treaty. Bulletin of the EC (1986), The Single European Act (Supplement 2/86) Sweet and Maxwell, European Community Treaties The consolidated version of the post-Amsterdam Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community are in the Official Journal, C340 Vol 40, 10 Nov 1997, which is available on microfiche in the All Saints Library. Hard copies are also available in European Union Consolidated Treaties, published by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. The Treaty of Nice is in the Official Journal C80, 10 March 2001. The consolidated version of the post-Lisbon Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union is in the Official Journal C115, 9 May 2008 b) Commentaries on the Single European Act

Journal articles Corbett, R (1989), Testing the New Procedures: The European Parliaments First Experiences with its Single Act Powers, Journal of Common Market Studies, 27:2 Books and chapters in books Pryce, R (ed) (1987), The 1985 Intergovernmental Conference and the Single European Act in R. Pryce: The Dynamics of European Union (London, Croom Helm). Corbett, R (1987), The 1985 Intergovernmental Conference and the Single European Act in Pryce R (ed): The Dynamics of European Union (London, Croom Helm) See also readings under Single European Market heading later in the reading list. c) Commentaries on the (Maastricht) Treaty on European Union Journal articles Corbett, R (1992), The Intergovernmental Conference on Political Union, Journal of Common Market Studies, 30:3 See Journal of Common Market Studies, Annual Review August 1993 for a) editorial by N Nugent and b) Governance and Institutional Developments by Corbett See the articles on the TEU in European Access in February 1992 (by J. Lodge) and June 1992 (by N. Nugent). Books and chapters in books Church, C. and Phinnemore, D (1994), European Union and European Community: a handbook and commentary on the post-Maastricht treaties (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf) Church, C (1998), Treaty on European Union, in Dinan, D (ed): Encyclopaedia of the European Union (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Corbett, R (1993), The Treaty of Maastricht: from conception to ratification: a comprehensive reference guide (Harlow, Longman) d) Journal articles Commentaries on the Treaty of Amsterdam

-20Corbett, R (1997), Governance and Institutions, Journal of Common Market Studies Annual Review Nentwich, M and Falker, G (1997), The Treaty of Amsterdam: Towards a New Institutional Balance. This is an online paper available at http://www.eiop/texte/1997 Petite, M (1997), The Treaty of Amsterdam contents (This is an online paper available at http://www.law.harvard) Books and chapters in books Dinan, D (1998), Amsterdam Treaty, in Dinan, D (ed): Encyclopaedia of the European Union (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Dinan, D (1999), Treaty Change in the European Union: The Amsterdam Experience, in Cram, L, Dinan, D. and Nugent, N. (eds): Developments in the European Union (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Duff, A (ed) (1997), The Treaty of Amsterdam: Text and Commentary (London, Federal Trust) Falkner, G. and Nentwich, M (2000), The Amsterdam Treaty: The Blueprint for the Future Institutional Balance?, in Neunreither, K and Wiener, A (eds): European Integration After Amsterdam: Institutional Dynamics and Prospects for Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Lynch, P Neuwahl, N & Wyn Rees, G (eds) (2000), Reforming the European Union: from Maastricht to Amsterdam (Harlow, Longman) e) Commentaries on the Treaty of Nice

Journal articles Articles by D Dinan and P Ludlow in ECSA Review, 2001. These are posted on the EUSA website and can be accessed via the EUSA and UACES websites. An article by D Dinan on the Palgrave website at http://www.palgrave.com/politics/eu Hosli, M and Machover, M (2004), The Nice Treaty and voting rules in the Council, Journal of Common Market Studies, 42:3 Taylor, A: After Nice: http://www.theepc.be/Challenge_Europe/searchmemo.asp?ID=293 Wessels, W (2001), Nice Results: the Millennium IGC in the EUs Evolution, Journal of Common Market Studies 39:2 Books and chapters in books Galloway, D (2001), The Treaty of Nice and Beyond (Sheffield, Sheffield Academic Press) f) Commentaries on the Constitutional and the Lisbon Treaty *Best, E. (ed.) (2008), Special Edition of EIPASCOPE on the Lisbon Treaty, (Maastricht: European Institute of Public Administration), all articles can be accessed at: <www.eipa.eu> Church, C. and Phinnemore, D. (2007), From the Constitutional Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano N. (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Phinnemore, D (2004), Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe: An Overview (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs), can be accessed at www.riia.org/Europe Various, The Treaty of Lisbon: Implementing the Institutional Reforms, available at <http://www.ceps.eu>

-21Kurpas, S (2008) The Treaty of Lisbon How Much Constitution is Left? , available at <http://www.ceps.eu>

The Commission Journal articles Burns, C (2004), Codecision and the European Commission: a study of declining influence?, Journal of European Public Policy, 11:1 Francino, F (2002), Efficiency or Credibility? Testing the Two Logics of Delegation to the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, 9:5 Crum, B (2003), Legislative-Executive Relations in the EU, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41:2 Rasmussen, A (2003), The Role of the European Commission in Co-decision A strategic facilitator operating in a situation of structural disadvantage, European Integration on-line papers (EIOP) 7:10, on-line papers via http://eiop.or.at/erpa Schmidt, S K (2000), Only an Agenda Setter? The European Commissions Powers Over the Council of Ministers, European Union Politics, 1:1 Smith, A (2003), Why European Commissioners Matter, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41:1 Smyrl, M E (1998), When (and How) do the Commissions Preferences Matter?, Journal of Common Market Studies, 36:1 Stacey, J (2003), Displacement of the Council via Informal Dynamics? Comparing the Commission and Parliament, Journal of European Public Policy ,10:6 Books and chapters in books Christiansen, T (2006), The European Commission: the European Executive Between Continuity and Change in Richardson, J. (ed): European Union: Power and Policy-Making (3rd edition) (London, Routledge) Dimitrakopoulos, D. (ed.) (2004), The Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester University Press. Egeberg, M (2010): The European Commission in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 8. Lequesne, C (2000), The European Commission: A Balancing Act between Autonomy And Dependence in Neunreither, K and Wiener, A: European Integration After Amsterdam: Institutional Dynamics And Prospects For Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Nugent, N. (ed) (2000), At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission (New York, St Martins Press) Nugent, N (2001), The European Commission (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Spence, D. (ed.) (2006), The European Commission 3rd edition (London, John Harper) Stevens, A and Stevens, H (2000), Brussels Bureaucrats (Basingstoke, Palgrave)

The European Council and the Council of Ministers Journal articles Hayes-Renshaw et al (2006), When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly, Hayes-Renshaw et al (2006) When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44: 1

-22Lewis, J (2003), Informal integration and the supranational construction of the Council, Journal of European Public Policy, 10:6 Quaglia, L. and Moxon-Browne, E. (2006), What Makes a Good EU Presidency?, Hayes-Renshaw et al (2006) When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44: 2 Stacey, J (2003), Displacement of the Council via informal dynamics? Comparing the Commission and Parliament, Journal of European Public Policy, 10:6 Talberg, J (2003), The agenda-shaping powers of the EU Council Presidency, Journal of European Public Policy, 10:1 Wurzel, R (1996), The Role of the EU Presidency..., Journal of European Public Policy, 3:2 Books and chapters in books Christiansen, T. (2006), The Council of Ministers: Facilitating Interaction and Developing Actorness in the EU in Richardson, J. (ed) (2006): European Union: Power and Policy-Making (3rd ed) (London, Routledge) Hayes-Renshaw, F and Wallace, H (2006), The Council of Ministers 2nd edition (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Lewis, J. (2007), The Council of the European Union in Cini, M. (ed) European nd Union Politics, 2 edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Westlake, M (1999), The Council of the European Union, revised edn. (London, John Harper Publishing)

The European Parliament Journal articles Crum, B (2003), Legislative-Executive Relations in the EU, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41:2 Kasack, C (2004), The Legislative Impact of the European Parliament under the Revised Co-Decision Procedure, European Union Politics, 5:2 Kreppel, A (1999), What Affects the European Parliaments Legislative Influence?, Journal of Common Market Studies 37 (3) Mather, J (2001), The European Parliament a model of representative democracy?, West European Politics, 24:1 Stacey, J (2003), Displacement of the Council via informal dynamics? Comparing the Commission and Parliament, Journal of European Public Policy, 10:6 See also Journal of Common Market Studies 41:2) 2003 special issue: The European Parliament at Fifty Books and chapters in books Corbett, R, Jacobs, F and Shackleton, M (2007), The European Parliament 7th Edition (London, John Harper) Judge, D and Earnshaw, D. (2008), The European Parliament 2nd edn,(Basingstoke, Palgrave) Kreppel, A (2001), The European Parliament and the Supranational Party System (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press) Rittberger, B (2005), Building Europes Parliament (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Scully, R (2010) The European Parliament, in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 10.

-23The Courts and EU Law Journal articles Alter, K J (1996), The European Court's Political Power, West European Politics, 19:3 Scott, J (1998), Law, Legitimacy and EC Governance, Journal of Common Market Studies, 36:2 Books and chapters in books Alter, K (2003), Establishing the Supremacy of European Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Dehousse, R (1998), The European Court Of Justice: The Politics of Judicial Integration (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Kapsis, I (2010) The Courts of the European Union in Cini, M. and PerezSolorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 11. Mathijsen, P S R.F (2004), A Guide to European Union Law 8th edition (London, Sweet & Maxwell) McCown, M (2006), Judicial Law Making and European Integration - in Richardson, J. (ed) (2006): European Union: Power and Policy-Making (3rd ed) (London, Routledge Shaw, J (2000), Law of the European Union 3rd Edition (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Van Schendelen, R (2004): The Unseen Hand: Unelected EU legislators (London, Routledge)

Interest Groups and Lobbying (NB, there will be no seminar held on this issue, but the reading below may be useful for coursework Journal articles Bouwen, P (2003), A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Corporate Lobbying in the European Parliament, European Integration on-line papers (EIOP) 7:11, online papers via http://eiop.or.at/erpa Mahoney, C (2004), The Power of Institutions: State and Interest Group Activity in the European Union, European Union Politics, 5:4 Reale, A (2003), Representation of Interests, Participatory Democracy and Lawmaking in the European Union: Which Role and Which Rules for the Social Partners? (The Jean Monnet Working Papers 15/03) on-line papers via http://eiop.or.at/erpa Books and chapters in books Eisina, R (2010) Interest Groups and the European Union in Cini, M. and PerezSolorzano, N (eds) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 12. Greenwood, J (2007), Interest Representation in the European Union, 2nd edn, (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) Mazey, S and Richardson, J (2006), Interest Groups and EU Policy Making: Organisational Logic and Venue Shopping, in Richardson, J. (2006) European Union Power and Policy-Making 3rd edition (London, Routledge) Warley, A (2003), Democracy and the European Union (London, Sage) Watson, R and Shackleton, M (2003), Organized Interests and Lobbying in the EU, in Bomberg, E and Stubb, A (eds): The European Union: How Does it Work? (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

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The Political System of the EU: Decision Making Processes Journal articles See Journal of European Public Policy 11:2, 2004 the Open Method of Coordination in the European Union Hodson, D and Maher, I (2000), Balancing Credibility and Legitimacy in the Policy Mix (One Europe 37/00) on-line papers via http://eiop.or.at/erpa Marshall, A (2005), Europeanization at the urban level: local actors, institutions and the dynamics of multi-level interaction. Journal of European Public Policy, 12:4 Neyer, J (2004), Explaining the unexpected: efficiency and effectiveness in European decision-making, Journal of European Public Policy, 11:1 Settembri, P (2005), Transparency and the EU legislator, Journal of Common Market Studies, 43:3 Shackleton, M and Raunio, T (2003), Codecision since Amsterdam: a laboratory for institutional innovation and change, Journal of European Public Policy 10:2 Thomson, R. and Holsi, M. (2006), Who Has Power in the EU?, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44:2

Books and chapters in books Christiansen, T (2005), European Governance and the New European Constitution (London, Routledge) Christiansen, T (ed.) (2004), Informal Governance in the European Union (Cheltenham, Edward Elgar) Denza, E (2003), The Intergovernmental Pillars of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Bache, I and George, S (2006), Politics in the European Union 2nd edition (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Pollack, M (2003), The Engines of European Integration: Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the EU (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Wallace, W, Wallace, H and Pollack, M (2005), Policy-making in the European Union 5th edition (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Warleigh-Lack, A. and Dachenberg, R. (2010) Policy-Making in the European Union in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano, N (eds.) European Union Politics, 3rd edn.) (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Chapter 13 NB: All texts contain extensive considerations of the general areas of EU decisionmaking.

The Legitimacy and Democratic Deficits Journal articles See Journal of European Public Policy 10:5 (2003), special issue: The Diffusion of Democracy Emerging Forms and Norms of Democratic Control in the European Union, particularly Hritier, A (2003): Composite democracy in Europe: the role of transparency and access to information Decker, F (2002), Governance beyond the nation-state. Reflections on the democratic deficit of the European Union, Journal of European Public Policy, 9:2

-25Hobalt, S (2006), Direct democracy and European integration, Journal of European Public Policy, 13:1 Lord, C and Magnette, P (2004), Creative Disagreement about Legitimacy in the EU Journal of Common Market Studies, 42:1 Majone, G (2006), The common sense of European integration, Journal of European Public Policy, 13:6 Moravcsik, A (2002), Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40:4 Zweifel, T (2002), Who is without sin cast the first stone: the EUs democratic deficit in comparison, Journal of European Public Policy, 9:5 Books and chapters in books Harlow, C (2003, Accountability in the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Schmitter, P C (2000), How to Democratise the European Union And Why Bother? (Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield) Siedentop, L (2001), Democracy in Europe (London, Penguin) Warley, A (2003), Democracy and the European Union (London, Sage) Weale, A (2005), Democratic citizenship and the European Union (Manchester, Manchester University Press)

The EU and its member states Journal Articles Anderson, J (2002, Europeanization and the Transformation of the Democratic Polity, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40:5 Beyers, J and Trondal, J (2003), How Nation-States Hit Europe Ambiguity and Representation in the European Union, European Integration on-line papers (EIOP) 7:5, on-line papers via http://eiop.or.at/erpa Pollak, J and Slominksi, P (2003), Influencing EU Politics? The Case of the Austrian Parliament, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41:4 Selck, T and Kuipers, S (2005), Shared hesitance, joint success: Denmark, Finland and Sweden in the European Union policy process, Journal of European Public Policy, 12:5 See also the Special issue of the Journal of European Public Policy 11:6 (2004), which focuses upon Europeanisation and the Italian Political system Books and chapters in books Bache, I and Jordan, A. (eds.) (2006), The Europeanization of British Politics (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan) Bulmer, S. and Lequesne, C. (2005), The Member States of the European Union (Oxford, Oxford University Press), Heywood, P et al (2006), Developments in European Politics (Basingstoke, Palgrave), especially chapter 4 Holmes, M (2005), Ireland and the European Union: Nice, Enlargement and the Future of Europe (Manchester, Manchester University Press) Mouritzen, H (2005), Small States in the European Union (London, Routledge) Padgett, S and Poguntke, T (2002), Continuity and Change in German Politics (London, Frank Cass) Raunio, T and Tiilikainen, T (2003), Finland in the European Union (London, Frank Cass)

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Britain and the European Union Journal articles Schmidt, V (2006), Adapting to Europe: Is it Harder for Britain?, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 8:1 Books and chapters in books Aspinwall, M (2004, Rethinking Britain and Europe: Plurality Elections, Party Management and British Policy in European Integration (Manchester, Manchester University Press) Bache, I and Nugent N (2007), Europe in Seldon, A. (ed.) Blairs Britain (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press) Geddes, A (2003), The European Union and British Politics (Basingstoke, Palgrave) George, S (1998), An Awkward Partner (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Giddings, P and Drewry, G (2004), Britain in the European Union (Basingstoke, Palgrave) Mather, J (2000), The European Union and British Democracy Towards Convergence (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Mather, J (2004), The Impact of European Integration in ONeill, M (ed): Devolution and British Politics (Harlow, Pearson Longman) Mather, J. and Nugent, N (2006), The United Kingdom: Critical Friend and Awkward Partner? in Zeff, E. and Pirro, E. (eds.) The European Union and the Member States (London: Lynne Rienner) Nugent, N (2000), The European Union and UK Governance in Pyper, R and Robbins, L (eds): United Kingdom Governance (Basingstoke, Macmillan) Watts, D and Pilkington, C (2005), Britain in the European Union today (Manchester, Manchester University Press)