HERE WE STUDY

1- Introduction of computer:
1- Internally 2- Externally Introducing to internal parts

1- Internally:2- Externally:Introducing to external parts 2-MS Office:

1- MS Word 2- MS Excel 3- MS Power Point

3- E-mail:It is an electronic mail. It is used in Internet for send any message, info and any type of files to others.

4- Internet:-

Internet is used for search any information about any topic.

5- Computer Trouble Shooting 6- Installation of Windows XP and 2000 (Professional)

It is an electronic device which operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.

HOW A COMPUTER WORK?

The central processing unit is the unseen part of computer system, and users are only dimly aware of it. The computer works on the basis of: Input Processing Output

A computer consists of a main unit. Input devices, output devices, storage devices.

Input Devices:1- Keyboard 3- Scanner 2- Mouse 4- Digital Camera

KEY BOARD

Statement:Key board has many kinds of keys. These keys have been divided in some groups for good understanding.

They are given below

1-Alphabatic keys:These keys are A to Z

2-Numaric keys:These keys are 0 to 9. They are usually used in calculating or in marking number.

3-Arrow keys:-These keys are used for up, down, right and left.
The example of these keys is given:

4-functional keys:These keys are F1 to F12. They are used with special keys.

5-Special Keys:These keys are such a special for keyboard. Except these keys our keyboard is useless. These keys are given below:

Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Enter, Backspace, Tab and Cap Lock.

6-Multimedia keys:These keys are shown on the upper side of function keys.

7-Expression keys:These keys are usually used for mathematical calculations. They are given below: *, #, /, +, -,(brackets),% etc

Left Click

Right Click

Scroll Bar

Left Click:
This click button is used for select any function or program. To select any program it is clicked at least two times together.

Right click:
This click button is used for open or views the functions of selected file or program. It is clicked at least one time.

Scroll Bar:
This button is used for page down and up of any window. This button is using in modern Mousses.

Power Button

Statement:

It is an electronic and an output device. It is a main part of computer. It shows the work of CPU (Central processing unit).

Power Button: It is used for switch ON or OFF

KINDS
1-Analog Monitor 1-Analog Monitor:These monitors have scroll type buttons. 2-Digital Monitor:These monitors have digital buttons. 2-Digital Monitor

CPU (Central processing unit)

It is an electronic and processing system which works on our INPUT. After its process it shows the result of our input on Monitor.

Types of CPU
1-In Tower casing 2-In Desktop casing Tower casing is commonly used in Pakistan. In Tower casing we easily connect many other devices than Desktop casing.

MAIN PARTS
1-

Mother Board

2- Processor 4- FAN 6- Power Cables 7- Supply

3- RAM 5- CD- ROM

1-MOTHER BOARD
Statement:This is the main circuit board of your computer. Everything plugs into this board. It contains your PROCESSOR, RAM, and Hard DISK allows EXPANSION CARDS to be plugged into it. It is a very important part of CPU. All the devices are connected with it. The BUILT-IN devices are connected on the back panel of Mother Board

.
The NON BUILT-IN devices are connected with Expansion Slots of Mother Board.

In NON BUILT-IN devices TV card, LAN card, Games card, VGA card are mostly calculated.

PROCESSOR
Statement:The processor is the chip which is the brains of the computer. It is also know as the CPU (Central Processing Unit). It works on our input. It is also an important device of CPU. It has many kinds of memories. Processors have their name because they process data and instructions. The processor is the most important part of a computer. As Example: 100 MHZ 233MHZ 234 MHZ 350 MHZ 351 MHZ 999 MHZ 1.0 MHZ Latest

Pentium-1 Suits 100 MHZ 233MHZ Processor Pentium-2 Suits 234 MHZ 350 MHZ Processor Pentium-3 Suits 351 MHZ 999 MHZ Processor Pentium-4 suits 1.0 GHZ Latest Processor

Definition:Random access memory (or simply RAM) is the memory in a computer that is used to store computer programs while they are running any information the programs need to do their job. Usually, the RAM is emptied every time the computer is turned off. It is known as 'volatile memory'.

TYPES OF RAM

1- SDR (Static Dynamic RAM) 2- DDR (D- Dynamic RAM)

SDR:It is an old type of RAM. It is usually used in Pentium-1 to Pentium-3. Its below portion has two cuts. DDR:It is a latest version of RAM. It is only useable in Pentium4 to Latest versions. Its below portion has only single cut.

Statement:A fan mounted directly over the integrated-circuit chip containing a computer's central processing unit to prevent overheating.

Statement:It is an input device. CD-ROM (an abbreviation of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") is a compact disc that contains data accessible by a computer. While the compact disc format was originally designed for music storage and playback, the format was later adapted to hold any form of binary data. This is similar to the audio CD, but it contains computer programs instead of music. Most computers have CD-ROM drives. As a result, most software is released on CD-ROM rather than FLOPPY DISK because of its greater storage capacity of 650 MB as opposed to 1.44 MB for the floppy disk.

Statement:Cables are also main part of CPU. They are used for giving current to all devices of system. Except this our system is useless.

These cables are connected to the back panel of mother board.

IDE CABLES:These are main cables because they are used to connect HARD DISK, CD-ROM, DVD ROM, CD-WRITER and DVD WRITER. They have three connecting corners. Each connector has 24 pins. 1 connector is attached with mother board and remaining 2 are connected with any two different devices. It is compulsory that a single IDE cable has only one Master and one Slave. So, if we fixed the jumper on Master Position in 1st device then it is must that in 2nd device the jumper will be connecting on Slave position.

Statement:Supply is used for giving power current to CPU. Supply has many cables fixed with it. Each cable is connected with a device.

Statement:It is a magnetic disk on which we can store data. The term hard is used to distinguish it from floppy disk. Hard disks hold more data and are faster than floppy disks. Hard disk is available in 10 to more than 100 Giga Bytes. The hard disks are direct access storage medium with a rigid magnetic disk.

The data is stored as a magnetized spots arranged in concentric circles (tracks) on the disk. Each track is divided in sectors. The number of tracks and sectors on the disk is known at formatting time.

Statement:A floppy is a magnetic coated disk contains in a semi rigid protective jacket. Data is stored on invisible tracks and sector on the surface of a disk. There may be 35 to 100 tracks on a floppy disk surface. The floppy disks are usually 3Y2 Degree in size. Once data is stored in floppy disk it can be made write protected by clicking a tab on the disk to prevent any new data writing or erasure of already stored data.

Statement:It is an Output device which gives us a clear sound. It is also said to be Multimedia device or entertaining device. Normal speakers are usually contains Four buttons. 1st for Power, 2nd for volume adjustment, 3rd for Treble and the last 4th for Bass.

These enhancements provide us greater entertaining and fun.

Statement:USB(Universal Serial Bus) is an electrical device which is used to store data for permanent time.