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3
n) + 10
(b) Let x
1
(n) = cos(
2
3
n) and x
2
(n) = sin(
3
n), therefore, x(n) = x
1
(n) + x
2
(n) + 10.
1
=
2
3
1
N
1
= 2k = N
1
= 3k = N
1
= 3
2
=
3
2
N
2
= 2k = N
2
= 6k = N
2
= 6
the period N should be the least common multiple of N
1
and N
2
, which is 6.
2. Solution:
(a) The system is linear. Assume x
1
(n) is an arbitrary input with corresponding output
y
1
(n), and x
2
(n) is another arbitrary input with output y
2
(n). Then, y
1
(n) and y
2
(n)
can be written as
y
1
(n) = sin
_
4
n
_
x
1
(n 1) + x
1
(n)
y
2
(n) = sin
_
4
n
_
x
2
(n 1) + x
2
(n)
Then, the output corresponding to input x(n) = ax
1
(n) + bx
2
(n) is
y(n) = sin
_
4
n
_
[ax
1
(n 1) + bx
2
(n 1)] + [ax
1
(n) + bx
2
(n)]
= a
_
sin
_
4
n
_
x
1
(n 1) + x
1
(n)
_
+ b
_
sin
_
4
n
_
x
2
(n 1) + x
2
(n)
_
= ay
1
(n) + by
2
(n)
(b) The system is causal, because the output y(n) at time n is only determined by the
current and previous inputs: {x(n), x(n 1)}.
(c) The system is not time-invariant. Let us denote y
0
(n) as the response to input x
0
(n).
Then, we have
y
0
(n) = sin
_
4
n
_
x
0
(n 1) + x
0
(n)
EE113 - Fall 2011 1 of 3
Then, the response to x(n) = x
0
(n n
0
) can be written as
y(n) = sin
_
4
n
_
x(n 1) + x(n)
= sin
_
4
n
_
x
0
(n n
0
1) + x
0
(n n
0
)
= y
0
(n n
0
) = sin
_
4
(n n
0
)
_
x
0
(n n
0
1) + x
0
(n n
0
)
(d) The system is BIBO stable. Assume x(n) is an arbitrary bounded input, i.e.,
|x(n)| B
x
, n
Then, the corresponding output satises
|y(n)| =
sin
_
4
n
_
x(n 1) + x(n)
sin
_
4
n
_
x(n 1)
+|x(n)|
sin
_
4
n
_
k=1
(3)
k
u(n 1)
= u(n) +
1
3
(3) (3)
n+1
1 (3)
u(n 1)
= u(n)
1
12
_
3 + (3)
n+1
u(n 1)
EE113 - Fall 2011 3 of 3