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Erika Chuchuca Research Guide: Antonio Nez M. Unidad Educativa Bilinge MODERNA Sergio Prez Valdez II Year Specialization: Social Science School Year: 2012-2013 The period of the former president of the republic could be criticized and loved by many, as under President Eloy Alfaro had many works that benefited the people of Ecuador, as well as the opposition party was trying to banish him and loved him as they planned oust him, but today we know the notorious efforts during his presidency, from the railroads that helped people to move from mountains to coast, also that they can market, is also the great contribution that women could study and work during his period, helped young people with religious beliefs thus creating institutions according to their religion, the church also do not mess with politics, channeling benefited Guayas, created walls to fight the military of Peru, with and this helped the Ecuadorian military insentivating and encouraging. The construction of the railway, then known as the Southern Railway, began in 1872, during the second presidency of Gabriel Garca Moreno. The first locomotive rolled on July 18, 1873 from Yaguachi station and the following year, on May 1, began operating the first regular service between Yaguachi and Miracle, both towns in the province of Guayas. After years of little progress, the construction was accelerated when General Eloy Alfaro became president in 1895. This president was proposed to resume and conclude the old railway project Guyaquil port to Quito. But there is a tenacious opposition campaign involved both by liberals as conservatives. Many people at that time thought the Andes could not conquer by rail. One of the main contributions of Eloy Alfaro was the creation of secular state schools, depriving the Catholic Church a monopoly on education. These measures were inspired by thinkers like Juan Montalvo and Jose Peralta, who promoted the secularization of Ecuadorian society. The creation of public schools and private schools for the training of lay teachers, was one of the main tasks of Eloy Alfaro. One measure of the liberal revolution that lasted for decades was the obligation of Catholic college students to pay their exams and validate your skills to lay teachers of the state. The first secular school in the country, founded in 1896 by Eloy Alfaro was Tulcn Bolivar school, followed by schools like Mejia and Manuela Caizares of Quito. The general was a member of the Masonic lodges, like the heroes of Independence, and his efforts to separate church and state were established in

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areas such as the creation of the Civil Registry. This allowed people to have the right to identity without being Catholic. Alfaro promoted freedom of religion, allowing entry into the country of Protestant missions, especially the United States. Thus, Alfaro laid the foundation of the secularization of society and its openness to the world, to be developed extensively throughout the twentieth century. Four primary care Alfaro occupied the attention of this period: relations with the Church, railways, public works, internal and external peace. Freedom of religion violated the concordat with the Holy See. Alfaro tried to renegotiate so that Rome accepted the separation of church and state. The Extraordinary Congress of 1899 revived the colonial Board, which subjected the Church to the State. The bishops and conservative middle obeyed. Cemeteries became administered by the state. Then the apostolic delegate of the Holy See for South America, Monsignor Pietro Gasparri, negotiated with Foreign Minister Jos Peralta, head of ideological radicalism. Conferred in Santa Elena, Guayas, and signed protocols of reconciliation, which, while being executed by the apostolic nuncio Bavona were unknown acids by Peralta. The Secretary of State of the Holy See protested. And was consummated the rupture with the Church.